ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE

USES: Aluminum phosphide (AIP, aluminum monophosphide, aluminum (III) phosphide, phostoxin, fumitoxin) is an inorganic dark grey or yellow crystalline compound used as a fumigant, pesticide, and in semiconductor research.

TOXICOLOGY: Its toxicity is secondary to the release of phosphine gas on contact with moisture or moist air. Phosphine blocks cytochrome C oxidase. This document covers effects from ingestion of aluminum phosphide. Information on the effects of inhalation of phosphine gas are covered in a separate management.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Reported exposures are relatively rare in North America, but can be fatal. Worldwide, in certain countries such as in the Indian subcontinent, toxic exposures to humans are more common.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are common. Mucous membrane irritation is common. Tachycardia, fatigue, headache, anxiety, restlessness, and electrolyte abnormalities (hypomagnesemia, hypermagnesemia) may develop.
SEVERE TOXICITY: CNS excitation or depression, hypotension, dysrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, esophageal strictures, elevated liver enzymes, and acute lung injury may develop. Pancreatitis and acute renal failure are rare complications.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic: contact with water produces toxic gas, may be fatal if inhaled.
Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance, or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

Prehospital gastrointestinal decontamination is not recommended because of the potential for formation of phosphine gas and the potential for abrupt deterioration.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

ADULT

A 25-year-old woman developed severe tachycardia, hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of less than 30% after ingesting 10 tablets containing 50% aluminum phosphide. Despite supportive measures including continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration and administration of fluids and vasopressors, her condition continued to deteriorate and she subsequently died approximately 48 hours postingestion (Chacko & Shivaprasad, 2008).
A 40-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, tachycardia (110 bpm), and hypotension (70/30 mmHg) approximately 3 hours after intentionally ingesting one 3-gram aluminum phosphide tablet. An initial ECG revealed ST elevation with a broad QRS complex mimicking an inferior wall myocardial infarction. Despite intensive vasopressor support, his hypotension continued to persist. Repeat ECGs, obtained six hours following admission and on hospital day 2, indicated severe myocardial injury. Although aggressive supportive therapy and resuscitative measures were given, the patient's condition continued to deteriorate and he died approximately 2 days after admission. Postmortem examination of his heart showed severe myocyte vacuolation, and necrosis and myocytolysis of the myocardial fibers (Shah et al, 2009).
Progressive hypotension, refractory ventricular tachycardia, acidosis, and respiratory failure, resulting in death, occurred in a 19-year-old man who intentionally ingested 10 500-mg tablets containing 56% aluminum phosphide (Jadhav et al, 2012).
A 19-year-old man presented to the emergency department comatose and in shock approximately 7.5 hours after ingesting 1 aluminum phosphide tablet (3 g). Laboratory data revealed severe metabolic acidosis (pH of 6.86), serum lactate level of 13 mmol/L, and a blood glucose concentration of 15 mg/dL. His oxygen saturation was 70%. An ECG demonstrated T-wave inversion and ST elevation with sinus tachycardia, and a troponin level was 0.36 mcg/L. Following administration of 2 50-mL IV boluses of 50% dextrose followed by a continuous infusion of 10% dextrose, his blood glucose concentration increased to 110 mg/dL; however, his neurological status remained unchanged. Despite gastric lavage and aggressive symptomatic and supportive therapy, including administration of IV fluids, magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, and N-acetylcysteine, the patient died 30 hours after presentation (Jamshed et al, 2014).

PEDIATRIC

Three children (ages 8, 5, and 3 years) presented to the emergency department with drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory insufficiency following exposure of 25 tablets of an insecticide used to kill bed bugs in their room. The 8-year-old child died on route to the hospital. Suspecting organophosphorus poisoning, the other 2 children were treated accordingly. After 2 days of treatment, the 3-year-old showed clinical improvement and was subsequently discharged from the hospital. Approximately 10 hours after discharge, the patient died. The 5-year-old showed signs of hemodynamic instability, with delayed capillary refill of 4 seconds, and an echocardiography indicating an ejection fraction of less than 50%. Analysis of samples of the pesticide revealed that it contained aluminum phosphide. With supportive treatment for the next 48 hours, a repeat echocardiography indicated an improvement in his ejection fraction to 60%. Following 2 more days of observation, the patient was discharged without sequelae (Hirani & Rahman, 2010).

CASE SERIES

Among 25 adults with acute aluminum phosphide poisoning, 10 died. All patients who died had consumed 3 or more aluminum phosphide tablets (Khosla et al, 1988b).

On admission, all were delirious and in severe shock. Death occurred within 1 to 6 hours of admission (Khosla et al, 1988b).

The median lethal dose of aluminum phosphide in humans is 20 milligrams/kilogram (EPA, 1985). In a 70 kg adult, less than 500 mg of aluminum phosphide may be fatal if ingested; pellets contain 3 grams (Banjaj & Wasir, 1988).
Eleven of 15 adult patients who ingested between 1.5 and 9 grams of aluminum phosphide died (Singh et al, 1985).
In a series of 83 fatalities from aluminum phosphide ingestion, the doses ingested ranged from 1 to 3 tablets (each tablet was 3 g of 56% aluminum phosphide and 44% ammonium carbonate; fatal doses were 1.68 to 5.04 g aluminum phosphide) (Sinha et al, 2005).
By 1988, 319 cases of fatality in India due to aluminum phosphide ingestion had been published (Kabra & Narayanan, 1988).
A review of hospital admission records in Tirana, Albania from 2009 to 2013 identified 140 fatalities from aluminum phosphide poisoning. The primary route of exposure in 96% of the cases was ingestion, and the mean period of time from exposure to hospital admission was 3.91 hours (+/- 5.11 hours). The aluminum phosphide dose ranged from 0.5 tablet to 5 tablets (0.5 to 5 g of active component [ie, phosphine]). Death occurred within 24 hours after presentation in 85% of the patients. Presenting signs and symptoms included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, restlessness, metabolic acidosis, hypomagnesemia, hyperglycemia, coma, and cardiovascular collapse (Sulaj et al, 2015).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Phosphine is a highly toxic gas, especially to organs with high oxygen flow and demand.
AIRBORNE CONCENTRATION: The minimal detectable (decaying fish odor) airborne concentration is 1 to 3 parts per million (ppm) in air. The gas dissipates rapidly; it is primarily toxic in closed spaces.
FUMIGATION: Aluminum phosphide residues of about 0.01 ppm in foodstuffs following fumigation have been considered to be within safety limits for human consumption (Dieterich et al, 1967).

TABLETS EXPOSED TO AIR

In a series of 40 patients with aluminum phosphide tablet ingestions, 33 patients ingested fresh tablets and 7 patients ingested exposed tablets (tablets that are exposed to the air and come into contact with moisture, releasing phosphine gas). The survival rate was 45.5% for patients who ingested fresh tablets as compared with 100% survival rate in patients who ingested exposed tablets (Jaiswal et al, 2009).

ADULT

In a series of 92 cases of aluminum phosphide poisoning, 58 patients ingested less than 1 gram of aluminum phosphide and 34 patients ingested more than 1 gram (Singh et al, 1991). Vomiting occurred in all patients. Survival was reported in 26 patients. No relationship was established between the amount ingested and mortality in this study.
Toxic mechanisms may include free radical generation and lipid peroxidation; following acute aluminum phosphide ingestion, mortality has been greater than 50 percent (Chugh et al, 1996).
Two patients developed vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension, elevated liver enzyme concentrations, and reversible myocardial injury (ST segment elevation and left ventricular hypokinesia with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30% or less) after ingesting 1 to 3 tablets of a fumigant containing aluminum phosphide. Each 3-gram tablet contained 56% aluminum phosphide. Both patients recovered with supportive care (Akkaoui et al, 2007).
A 34-year-old man developed tachycardia, hypotension, metabolic acidosis, and pancreatitis after ingesting 2 tablets, each containing 3 grams aluminum phosphide, in a suicide attempt. The patient recovered with supportive care (Verma et al, 2007).
A 22-year-old woman presented with cardiogenic shock and severe left ventricular dysfunction after ingesting one 0.6-gram tablet containing 56% aluminum phosphide. Following insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump and intensive supportive care, toxic myocarditis resolved and the patient recovered (Siddaiah et al, 2009).
A 30-year-old man developed left side hemiplegia and left hemifacial paresis with dysarthria 11 days after intentionally ingesting 3 rice tablets (each tablet containing 56% aluminum phosphide and 44% ammonium carbonate). A brain MRI and a brain MR angiography revealed ischemic lesions in the area of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) and stenosis of the right MCA stem, respectively. With supportive therapy, the patient's general condition gradually improved, although his motor deficit persisted, and he was discharged on hospital day 11. A follow-up examination, 1 month later, demonstrated improvement in his left side hemiparesis (Abedini et al, 2014).
CASE SERIES: According to the medical records of 471 patients with aluminum phosphide poisoning who were admitted to a hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2000 to 2007, an average of 1.6 aluminum phosphide tablets were ingested (range 0.25 to 7 tablets), with 73% of the patients ingesting 1 to 3 tablets, 17% ingesting more than 3 tablets, and 10% ingesting less than 1 tablet. Of those patients who survived (n=325), the mean number of tablets ingested was 1.49 +/-0.93 as compared to 1.92 +/- 0.86 tablets (p=0.19) ingested by the patients who did not survive (n=146) (Shadnia et al, 2009).

PEDIATRIC

Three children (ages 8, 5, and 3 years) presented to the emergency department with drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea, and respiratory insufficiency following exposure of 25 tablets of an insecticide used to kill bed bugs in their room. The 8-year-old child died on route to the hospital. Suspecting organophosphorus poisoning, the other 2 children were treated accordingly. After 2 days of treatment, the 3-year-old showed clinical improvement and was subsequently discharged from the hospital. Approximately 10 hours post-discharge, the patient died. The 5-year-old showed signs of hemodynamic instability, with delayed capillary refill of 4 seconds, and an echocardiography indicating an ejection fraction of less than 50%. Analysis of samples of the pesticide revealed that it contained aluminum phosphide. With supportive treatment for the next 48 hours, a repeat echocardiography indicated an improvement in his ejection fraction to 60%. Following 2 more days of observation, the patient was discharged without sequelae (Hirani & Rahman, 2010).

ANIMAL DATA

Rats fed diets containing 0.337 to 0.996 mg/kg of phosphine derived from aluminum phosphide had no toxicity and no evidence of an increased incidence of neoplasms (Hackenberg, 1972).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS20859-73-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Aluminum phosphide
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS20859-73-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 4x10(-4) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1996
- LCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS20859-73-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS20859-73-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS20859-73-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS20859-73-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS20859-73-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS20859-73-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Aluminum phosphide
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS20859-73-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS20859-73-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Aluminum phosphide
P or U series number: P006
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS20859-73-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Aluminum Phosphide
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): a

a: This material is a reactive solid. The TPQ does not default to 10,000 pounds for non-powder, non-molten, non-solution form.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS20859-73-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Aluminum phosphide
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS20859-73-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS20859-73-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Aluminum phosphide (AlP)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1397 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Aluminum phosphide

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.3

4.3: Dangerous when wet material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1397
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.3, 6.1

4.3: Dangerous When Wet.
6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: A8, A19, N40

A8: For combination packagings, if glass inner packagings (including ampoules) are used, they must be packed with cushioning material in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
A19: Combination packagings consisting of outer fiber drums or plywood drums, with inner plastic packagings, are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
N40: This material is not authorized in the following packagings: a. A combination packaging consisting of a 4G fiberboard box with inner receptacles of glass or earthenware; b. A single packaging of a 4C2 sift-proof, natural wood box; or c. A composite packaging 6PG2 (glass, porcelain or stoneware receptacles within a fiberboard box).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 211
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 15 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40, 52, 85

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".
52: Stow "separated from" acids.
85: Under deck stowage must be in mechanically ventilated space.

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1397 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Aluminium phosphide
UN Number: 1397

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS20859-73-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 20859-73-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)
- Produce flammable and toxic gases on contact with water.
- May ignite on contact with water or moist air.
- Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
- Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS20859-73-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT USE WATER OR FOAM. (FOAM MAY BE USED FOR CHLOROSILANES, SEE BELOW)

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam; DO NOT USE dry chemicals, soda ash or lime on chlorosilane fires (large or small) as they may release large quantities of hydrogen gas that may explode.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not get water inside containers.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS20859-73-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Aluminum phosphide should be protected from moist air; it reacts readily with moisture to produce phosphine (Budavari, 1996).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1397 - Aluminum phosphide

when spilled in water
SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 90 meters (300 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.6 kilometers (0.4 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 2.7 kilometers (1.7 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 1000 meters (3000 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 9 kilometers (5.6 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 11.0+ kilometers (7.0+ miles).

CAUTION:

This material which produces large amounts of the following gas(es)when spilled in water:

Phosphine

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and 25 feet (75 meters) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate the area before entry.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS20859-73-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS20859-73-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Aluminum phosphide
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.422
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.422
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 2
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 3.6
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS20859-73-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Aluminum phosphide
Final Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: Not recommended; appropriate data not available

30 min exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: Not recommended; appropriate data not available

1 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: Not recommended; appropriate data not available

4 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: Not recommended; appropriate data not available

8 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: Not recommended; appropriate data not available

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Aluminum phosphide
Final Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 9.5 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 9.5 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 4.7 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 1.2 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 0.59 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Aluminum phosphide
Final Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 17 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 17 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 8.5 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 2.1 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm:
mg/m3: 1.1 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS20859-73-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam to reduce vapors.
POWDER SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.
- DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 139 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

57.96 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

This compound exists as dark gray or dark yellow crystals (Budavari, 1996).

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

SOLID: 2.85 (at 15/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996) Lewis, 1993)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

> 1000 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Chlorobenzene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008c. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803a52bb&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents