METHYL ETHYL KETONE
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
ACETONE, METHYL- AETHYLMETHYLKETON (German) BUTANONE 2-BUTANONE 3-BUTANONE 2 BUTANONIA (Spanish) BUTAN-2-ONE BUTANONE 2 (French) ETHYLMETHYLCETONE (French) ETHYL METHYL CETONE (French) ETHYLMETHYLKETON (Dutch) ETHYL METHYL KETONE KETONE, ETHYL METHYL MEETCO MEK METHYL ACETONE METHYL ETHYL KETONE METILETILCETONA (Spanish) METILETILCHETONE (Italian) METYLOETYLOKETON (Polish) 2-OXOBUTANE AETHYMETHYLKETON (GERMAN) ETHYLMETHYL KETON (DUTCH) MEK (METHYL ETHYL KETONE) METYLOSTYLOKETON (POLISH)
IDENTIFIERS
1193-Methyl ethyl ketone 1193-Ethyl methyl ketone
SYNONYM REFERENCE
- (Ariel GlobalView, 2002; Bingham et al, 2001; HSDB , 2002; RTECS , 2002)
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Methyl ethyl ketone is used as a solvent in the surface coating industry, adhesives, magnetic tapes,printing inks, pesticide formulations, the polymerization process of polystyrene, styrene-butadiene-rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene, and as an extraction solvent for hardwood pulping and vegetable oils. It is used in the dewaxing of lubricating oils, and for paints, cements and adhesives. It is also used in the manufacture of colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powder, artificial leather, rubber, lacquers, varnishes, and glues (ACGIH, 1991a; Ashford, 1994a; Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1997a). It is used in pharmaceuticals, the production of drugs of abuse, cosmetics, and a flavoring and fragrance agent for candy and perfumes (HSDB, 2002; Lewis, 2000a). Methyl ethyl ketone is used to promote oxidation in the manufacture of terephthalic acid from p-xylene, it is a catalyst in the production of hydrazine, and used to sterilize hypodermic needles/syringes, surgical and dental instruments (HSDB, 2002).
Methyl ethyl ketone is a colorless, flammable liquid with a moderately sharp, fragrant, mint-like or acetone-like odor. It is rarely used alone; it is usually found in mixtures with acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, toluene, and/or other alcohols (ACGIH, 1991a; Ashford, 1994a; Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1997a; Lewis, 2000a; Sittig, 1991a).
Methyl ethyl ketone is produced by: alcohol oxidation of s-butanol; by liquid-phase oxidation of heavy naphtha; by the Celanese LPO process of n-butane; by the fractionation of oxygenates; by hydrolysis of mixed n-butylenes; through the controlled oxidation of butane; and by fermentation (Ashford, 1994a) Bingham et al, 2001; (Lewis, 1997a). bIt may be discharged as wastewater or emitted from stacks as a result of its industrial uses. Volcanoes, forest fires, and biological degradation are natural sources of methyl ethyl ketone (Howard, 1990a).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Methyl ethyl ketone is irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Signs and symptoms of exposure may include headache, dizziness, fainting, narcosis, confusion, loss of coordination, arrhythmias, nausea, and vomiting. Numbness of the fingers, arms, and legs has been seen. Retrobular neuritis has also been reported.
- If splashed in the eyes it may produce painful irritation and corneal injury. Ingestion of methyl ethyl ketone can irritate the mouth, throat, and stomach and cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of consciousness, and severe metabolic acidosis.
- Prolonged skin contact may defat the skin and produce dermatitis. Long-term exposure (1 year or more) to vapor concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm may result in weakness, fatigue, vertigo, heaviness in the chest, anorexia, rheumatic symptoms, and numbness of the hands and feet.
- Methyl ethyl ketone may enhance the neurotoxicity of n-hexane and methyl n-butyl ketone.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK; 2-butanone) is a relatively nontoxic compound. It is a mild to moderate skin irritant in rabbits.
- The major route of occupational exposure to MEK is by inhalation, but absorption can also occur through intact skin (Hathaway et al, 1991). Eye contact with the liquid can produce pain, irritation, and corneal injury (Clayton & Clayton, 1994). Slight nose and throat irritation may occur at 100 ppm, mild eye irritation at 200 ppm, and 300 ppm was objectionable, causing headache and throat irritation in humans (Hathaway et al, 1991).
- MEK is a CNS depressant and can cause vomiting, headache, dizziness, and narcosis (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Budavari, 1996).
- Reversible myoclonus, tremor, and ataxia occurred in one patient exposed to methyl ethyl ketone by inhalation (Ortipareja et al, 1996).
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- MEK has been most widely studied for possible neurotoxic effects. A closely related compound, methyl-n-butyl ketone (MBK), is a known neurotoxin, but MEK has been found not to cause peripheral neuropathies itself (O'Donaghue, 1985).
- When present simultaneously with n-HEXANE or with MBK, MEK can potentiate the neurotoxic effects of these compounds by an unknown mechanism (O'Donaghue, 1985). Neurological effects caused by MEK together with these other chemicals include peripheral neuropathy and central nervous system (CNS) depression (dizziness, unconsciousness, and loss of vision) (O'Donaghue, 1985). Numbness of the fingers, arms and legs has been reported in workers exposed to 300 to 600 ppm, and polyneuropathy has occurred in workers exposed to MEK together with other substances (Hathaway et al, 1991).
- Prolonged contact with the skin can produce defatting dermatitis (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
FIRST AID EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection. DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and wash the skin with water. If symptoms occur after washing, get medical attention immediately. INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, and central nervous system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; Chemsoft(R) , 2000).
INHALATION EXPOSURE - INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999). Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
EYE EXPOSURE - DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
ORAL EXPOSURE - Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation or CNS depression, do NOT induce emesis. DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting. PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002). In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis. The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
Mice and rats died following exposures to methyl ethyl ketone at concentrations of 90,000 ppm and above (Hathaway et al, 1996). Rats exposed to 6000 ppm, 8 hours/day, 7 days/week died during the seventh week of exposure from bronchopneumonia (Hathaway et al, 1996).
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
In humans, short-term exposure to 300 ppm caused headache and eye, nose, and throat irritation; 200 ppm caused mild irritation of the eyes; and 100 ppm caused slight nose and throat irritation (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; Hathaway et al, 1996). Several workers complained of numbness of the fingers and arms when exposed to both the liquid and vapor at 300-600 ppm for an unspecified time period; one worker described numbness in his legs and a tendency for them to "give way under him" (Hathaway et al, 1996). CNS effects (e.g., dizziness and blurred vision) and neuropathies have been frequent symptoms in industrial settings; while methyl ethyl ketone is not highly neurotoxic itself, it may potentiate known neurotoxins (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; Hathaway et al, 1996).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS78-93-3 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not applicable. This substance was not assessed using the EPA's 1986 cancer guidelines. ; Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: 2-Butanone MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS78-93-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
Oral: Slope Factor: RfD: 6x10(-1) mg/kg-day
Inhalation: Drinking Water:
References: Bingham et al, 2001 HSDB, 2002 Lewis, 2000 OHM/TADS, 2002 ) RTECS, 2002 LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE: male, 205,000 +/- 32,500 mg/m(3) for 45M (HSDB, 2002) 32 g/m(3) for 4H 40 g/m(3) for 2H (Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC50- (INHALATION)RAT: LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT: LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)GUINEA_PIG: LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE: male, 1.66 +/- 0.74 g/kg (HSDB, 2002) male CF-1, 23.0 mmol/kg for 24H (Bingham et al, 2001) 616 mg/kg
LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE: LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT: 6480 mg/kg 8000 mg/kg for 14D (OHM/TADS, 2002) >8 g/kg for 14D (HSDB, 2002)
LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT: male Carworth, 1.28 mL/kg (Bingham et al, 2001) female, 1.554 g/kg for 24H (HSDB, 2002) 607 mg/kg 607 mg/kg for 14D (HSDB, 2002) 616 mg/kg
LD50- (ORAL)RAT: 2.9 g/kg (HSDB, 2002) male Sprague-Dawley, immature, 3.1 mL/kg for 7D (Bingham et al, 2001) male, 3.14 +/- 0.67 g/kg (HSDB, 2002) male Sprague-Dawley, young, 3.6 mL/kg for 7D (Bingham et al, 2001) male Sprague-Dawley, old, 3.4 mL/kg for 7D (Bingham et al, 2001) female, 5.52 g/kg (HSDB, 2002) female Nelson, 6.86 mL/kg (Bingham et al, 2001) male CF-1, 43.5 mmol/kg for 24H (Bingham et al, 2001) male ddY, 56.16 mmol/kg (Bingham et al, 2001) young, 2700 mg/kg (OHM/TADS, 2002) 2737 mg/kg 3100 mg/kg (OHM/TADS, 2002) 3980 mg/kg (OHM/TADS, 2002) 5488 mg/kg for 14D (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)GUINEA_PIG: TCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN: TCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE: TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT: 750 ppm for 7H/7D-intermittent --impaired liver function tests female, 1000 ppm for 7H at 6-15D of pregnancy -- fetotoxiciy; developmental abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system female, 3000 ppm for 7H at 6-15D of pregnancy -- craniofacial abnormalities; abnormalities of the urogenital system; homeostasis 5000 ppm for 6H/90D-intermittent -- changes in liver weight; increased urine volume; transaminases
TDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)CAT:
CALCULATIONS
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS78-93-3 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS78-93-3 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS78-93-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
Listed as: 2-Butanone REL: TWA: 200 ppm (590 mg/m(3)) STEL: 300 ppm (885 mg/m(3)) Ceiling: Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed Skin Designation: Not Listed Note(s):
IDLH: IDLH: 3000 ppm Note(s): Not Listed
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS78-93-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS78-93-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS78-93-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information: Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information: The following spent non-halogenated solvents and the still bottoms from the recovery of these solvents. (F005) Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone (D035) Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information: Unlisted Hazardous Wastes Characteristic of Toxicity Listed as: 2-Butanone Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information: Listed as: MEK Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information:
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS78-93-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS78-93-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
Listed as: 2-Butanone P or U series number: U159 Footnote: Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) P or U series number: U159 Footnote: Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS78-93-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS78-93-3 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS78-93-3 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS78-93-3 (EPA, 2005):
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1193 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1193 (ICAO, 2002):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS78-93-3 (NFPA, 2002):
-HANDLING AND STORAGE
SUMMARY
Methyl ethyl ketone is a highly flammable liquid; sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where methyl ethyl ketone is used, handled, or stored. It is moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact; wear appropriate personal protective clothing when handling methyl ethyl ketone (Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991).
HANDLING
- Prohibit sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames where methyl ethyl ketone is used, handled, or stored. Only non-sparking tools and equipment should be used, especially when open and closing containers of methyl ethyl ketone (ITI, 1995; OHM/TADS, 2002; Sittig, 1991).
STORAGE
Methyl ethyl ketone should be stored in tightly closed containers. When involved with the transfer of 5 gallons or more, containers of methyl ethyl ketone should be grounded and bonded. Equip drums with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters (Sittig, 1991). Venting should be open (flame arrester) or pressure-vacuum (CHRIS , 2002).
- ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS
Store containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and flames; containers should be checked intermittently for leakage. Store more than six meters from the walls of places with fire and heat (i.e., boiler room, crew's cabin, engine room, kitchen). Methyl ethyl keone should not be loaded with explosives, organic peroxides, oxidizing materials, poisons, or radioactive materials (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991). All containers should be stored in a separate room where trapped floor drains are provided. Automatic sprinklers or other adequate system, along with mechanical exhaust room ventilation, must be provided in all storage areas (OHM/TADS, 2002). "Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants" (HSDB , 2002).
Methyl ethyl ketone will dissolve or soften some plastics. It must be stored away from combustibles, acids, and strong oxidizers such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine to avoid violent reactions. It forms an explosive mixture with air, and is incompatible with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aliphatic amines, potassium tert-butoxide, 2-propanol, chlorosulfonic acid, and oleum (AAR, 2000; (ITI, 1995; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact. Do not handle spilled methyl ethyl ketone unless wearing protective clothing. Remove nonimpervious clothing promptly if wet or contaminated. Wash away any methyl ethyl ketone from the skin with copious amounts of water or soap and water (AAR, 2000; (Sittig, 1991).
- Skin protection and a canister-type mask should be worn (OHM/TADS, 2002)
EYE/FACE PROTECTION
- Wear eye protection to prevent any reasonable probability of eye contact; provide emergency eyewash (NIOSH , 2002; Sittig, 1991).
- Do not wear contact lenses while working with methyl ethyl ketone (HSDB , 2002).
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
- Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 78-93-3.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004) HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Methyl ethyl ketone is a highly flammable liquid (AAR, 1996; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991).
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS78-93-3 (NFPA, 2002):
- INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES
Methyl ethyl ketone is extremely flammable and will form explosive mixtures in air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997). -9 degrees C; 16 degrees F (NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991) -9 degrees C (closed cup) (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998) 20 degrees F (AAR, 2000) -6.11 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2002) -6 degrees C; 21 degrees F (closed cup) (Budavari, 2000) -4.4 degrees C; 24 degrees F (Tagliabue open cup) (Lewis, 1997) -4 degrees C (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1991) 9 degrees C; 50 degrees F (Bingham et al, 2001) 10 degrees C (open cup) (Bingham et al, 2001)
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS78-93-3 (NFPA, 2002):
- A fire involving methyl ethyl ketone should not be extinguished unless the flow of MEK can be stopped. "Alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide should be used to extinguish the fire. Ordinary foam may be effective if applied in quantities greater than normal. Water can be used in flooding quantities as fog as solid streams may be ineffective. Use flooding quantities of water to cool affected containers (AAR, 2000; (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2002; Sittig, 1991).
EXPLOSION HAZARD
- Methyl ethyl ketone forms an explosive mixture with air over a relatively wide range of concentrations. A heat and shock sensitive explosive is created by the reaction with hydrogen peroxide + nitric acid. Explosive peroxides during storage will be formed by mixture with 2-propanol (Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- Explosive peroxides are formed during storage with 2-propanol (Lewis, 2000).
- If ignited in an enclosed area, vapors of methyl ethyl ketone may explode (CHRIS , 2002).
DUST/VAPOR HAZARD
- Methyl ethyl ketone vapors may be heavier than air and may travel some distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Accumulations of vapors in confined spaces such as buildings and sewers, may explode if ignited (AAR, 2000; (AAR, 1996).
- Acrid smoke and fumes are emitted when methyl ethyl ketone is heated to decomposition; toxic constituents may be included in products of combustion (AAR, 2000; (Lewis, 2000).
REACTIVITY HAZARD
- If ignited in an enclosed area, vapors of methyl ethyl ketone may explode (CHRIS , 2002).
- Methyl ethyl ketone will dissolve or soften some plastics (AAR, 2000).
- It forms explosive mixtures with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- It is incompatible with (AAR, 2000; (Harbison, 1998; HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Urben, 2000):
aliphatic amines ammonia caustics chloroform chlorosulfonic acid copper hydrogen peroxide inorganic acids isocyanates nitric acid oleum potassium tert-butoxide 2-propanol pyridines strong oxidizers sulfuric acid
- It is incompatible with (AAR, 2000; (Harbison, 1998; HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Urben, 2000): aliphatic aminesammoniacausticschloroformchlorosulfonic acidcopperhydrogen peroxideinorganic acidsisocyanatesnitric acidoleumpotassium tert-butoxide2-propanolpyridinesstrong oxidizerssulfuric acid
aliphatic amines ammonia caustics chloroform chlorosulfonic acid copper hydrogen peroxide inorganic acids isocyanates nitric acid oleum potassium tert-butoxide 2-propanol pyridines strong oxidizers sulfuric acid
An oily, heat- and shock-sensitive explosive is created by the reaction with hydrogen peroxide + nitric acid. Explosive peroxides will be formed during storage by mixture with 2-propanol (Lewis, 2000; Urben, 2000). Methyl ethyl ketone ignites on contact with potassium tert-butoxide (Lewis, 2000; Urben, 2000).
- It has a vigorous reaction with chloroform + alkali (Lewis, 2000).
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
- LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
- If methyl ethyl ketone is leaking and not on fire, consider evacuation from downwind areas based on the amount and location of the spill, and weather conditions (AAR, 1996).
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS78-93-3 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS78-93-3 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
Listed as Butanone, 2-; (Methyl ethyl ketone; MEK) TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 200 TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 200 TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 2700 TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 4000 Definitions: TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects. TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.
- AEGL Values for CAS78-93-3 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone Proposed Value: AEGL-1 10 min exposure: ppm: 100 ppm mg/m3: 293 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 100 ppm mg/m3: 293 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 100 ppm mg/m3: 293 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 100 ppm mg/m3: 293 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 100 ppm mg/m3: 293 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.
Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone Proposed Value: AEGL-2 10 min exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 4980 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 4980 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 4980 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 4980 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 4980 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
Listed as: Methyl ethyl ketone Proposed Value: AEGL-3 10 min exposure: ppm: 10,000 ppm mg/m3: 29,300 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 10,000 ppm mg/m3: 29,300 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 4000 ppm mg/m3: 11,720 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 2500 ppm mg/m3: 7325 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 2500 ppm mg/m3: 7325 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS78-93-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
IDLH: 3000 ppm Note(s): Not Listed
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004) Consult the Environmental Protection Agency to ensure conformation with USEPA regulations regarding the storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste (HSDB , 2002). Only persons wearing protective equipment should be allowed near the area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Ignition sources should be removed, and the area ventilated. Liquids can be absorbed in dry sand, earth, vermiculite, or similar sorbent and then deposited into sealed containers. Do not allow methyl ethyl ketone to enter confined spaces such as sewers because of the possibility of an explosion (Sittig, 1991). Dig a holding area to contain methyl ethyl ketone that has been spilled on land. Bulk methyl ethyl ketone can then be absorbed with cement powder, fly ash, or commercial sorbents (AAR, 2000). Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit the travel of methyl ethyl ketone spilled into water; remove trapped methyl ethyl ketone with suction hoses. Since methyl ethyl ketone is lighter than and moderately soluble in water, it is expected to float while rapidly dissolving (AAR, 1996). Use water spray or mist to knock down vapors of methyl ethyl ketone released to air (AAR, 2000). ITI (1995) recommends spraying MEK waste into a furnace, mixing with a more flammable solvent to make incineration easier if necessary. Methyl ethyl ketone that has been spilled can be absorbed with paper and then evaporated on a glass or iron dish in a hood. The paper can then be burned (ITI, 1995). HSDB (2002) warns that methyl ethyl ketone may potentially contain explosive peroxides. Therefore, only a small amount should be evaporated.
In a series of laboratory- and bench-scale studies on the applicability of supercritical-water oxidation to the destruction of various hazardous and toxic waste, high destruction efficiencies were observed for methyl ethyl ketone (Freeman, 1989). Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.
Methyl ethyl ketone is a good candidate for incineration (HSDB , 2002; Sittig, 1991). Steam stripping can be used to remove methyl ethyl ketone from aqueous waste. Concentrations up to several weight percent solvent in water can be handled. Better than 99% removal can be expected (Freeman, 1989). Air stripping has been used to remove methyl ethyl ketone from contaminated groundwater (Freeman, 1989).
-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION HAZARD
- Methyl ethyl ketone is discharged into the environment from its industrial uses and from its production, storage, transport, and disposal. Photochemical smog will usually have high levels of MEK. It is released from the photooxidaton of olefinic hydrocarbons emitted from gasoline exhaust and cigarette smoke (Howard, 1990).
- Volcanoes and forest fires are some naturally occurring sources of methyl ethyl ketone (Howard, 1990).
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS
If methyl ethyl ketone is released into the air, it exists mainly in the gas phase (based on an experimental vapor pressure of 91 mmHg at 25 degrees C). It will degrade primarily by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals (half-life 2.3 to 14 days) and the reaction product is acetaldehyde. It may be subject to direct photolysis; it may also be subject to removal by rain since it has been detected in rain water (Howard, 1990; HSDB , 2002).
SURFACE WATER If methyl ethyl ketone is spilled into water, it will evaporate into the atmosphere with estimated half-lives of 3 days in rivers and 12 days in lakes. It will slowly biodegrade in both fresh and salt water; studies suggest that it may degrade slowly in ground water after a long acclimation period. It will not significantly hydrolyze, photooxidize, or adsorb to sediment; it may be subject to direct photolysis (Howard, 1990). The half-life of methyl ethyl ketone in surface water ranges from 24 hours (1 day) to 168 hours (7 days) based on an unacclimated grab sample of aerobic fresh water (low t1/2) and aerobic aqueous screening test data (high t1/2) (Howard et al, 1991). The half-life of methyl ethyl ketone in ground water ranges from 48 hours (2 days) to 336 hours (14 days) based on estimated unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation (Howard et al, 1991).
TERRESTRIAL If methyl ethyl ketone is released onto soil, it will partially evaporate into the atmosphere from near-surface soils. It may leach into ground water as it is expected to have very high mobility in soil, but it will not significantly hydrolyze in soil (Howard, 1990; HSDB , 2002).
ABIOTIC DEGRADATION
- "Methyl ethyl ketone absorbs radiation near the short wavelength cutoff of the solar spectrum at ground level; however, the reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (half-life of 2.3 days) is the dominant atmospheric process. In the surface layer of water, photolysis is possible since UV radiation reaching these layers can be absorbed by the methyl ethyl ketone. Indirect photooxidation in water and hydrolysis are not significant processes" (Howard, 1990).
The photooxidation half-life for methyl ethyl ketone in water ranges from 1.8x10(4) hours (48.8 years) to 7.1x10(5) hours (81.4 years) based on measured rate data for hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution (Howard et al, 1991). The photooxidation half-life for methyl ethyl ketone in air ranges from 64.2 hours (2.7 days) to 642 hours (26.7 days) based on measured rate data for the vapor phase reaction with hydroxyl radicals in air (Howard et al, 1991). The first-order hydrolysis half-life is greater than 50 years (if at all); methyl ethyl ketone is unreactive towards hydrolysis from pH 5 to 9 at 15 degrees C. The acid rate constant (M(H+)-hr)(-1) is 0.0. The base rate constant (M(OH-)-hr)(-1) is 0.0 (Howard et al, 1991). Under simulated smog conditions, methyl ethyl ketone degrades at rates ranging from 1.5%/hour to 33% in 6.5 hours (Howard, 1990).
BIODEGRADATION
- Methyl ethyl ketone was completely removed (and 87% mineralized) in 5 days in screening tests using municipal wastewater inoculum and in 9 days using activated sludge treatment. It was completely removed in 2 days in river die-away tests. The theoretical BOD was 76% in 5 days and 89% in 20 days using nonacclimated, settled domestic wastewater inoculum in fresh water. The theoretical BOD was 76% and the theoretical COD was 79% after 5 days at 20 degrees C using a standard dilution method with filtered biological sanitary waste treatment plant seed. The theoretical BOD was 88% in 5 days using sew seed in standard dilution screening tests (Howard, 1990).
The anaerobic half-life of methyl ethyl ketone ranges from 96 hours (4 days) to 672 hours (28 days) based on estimated aqueous unacclimated aerobic biodegradation (Howard et al, 1991). Secondary treatment removes from 86% to 100% of methyl ethyl ketone based on the percentage degraded in an 8 day period under acclimated aerobic semi-continuous flow conditions (Howard et al, 1991).
BIOACCUMULATION
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
- ECOTOXICITY VALUES (HSBD, 2002):
LC50 - (WATER) BLUEGILL (Lepomis macrochirus): 5640-1690 mg/L for 24-96H -- conditions of bioassay not specified. LC50 - (WATER) BLUEGILL SUNFISH (Lepomis macrochirus): 4467 mg/L for 96H -- pH 7.93, 21 degrees C, hardness 240 mg/L calcium carbonate LC50 - (WATER) BRINE SHRIMP (Artemia salina): 1950 mg/L for 24H -- bottles not sealed and may have lost methyl ethyl ketone during experiment, water pH, temp, and hardness not specified. LC50 - (WATER) FATHEAD MINNOW (Pimephales promelas): 3200 mg/L for 96H -- pH 7.5, 25 degrees C, hardness 42.2 mg/L calcium carbonate LC50 - (WATER) GOLDFISH (Carassius auratus): >5000 mg/L for 24H -- pH 7.0, 20 degrees C, hardness 100 mg/L LC50 - (WATER) GUPPY (Lebistes reticulas): 5700 mg/L for 24H -- pH not given, 20 degrees C, hardness 27.5 mg/L calcium chloride LC50 - (WATER) MOSQUITO FISH (Gambusia affinis): 5600 mg/L for 96H -- pH 7.8-8.3, room temperature, hardness not specified LC50 - (WATER) WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): <520 mg/L for 48H -- pH 8 and hardness 173, temperature not specified. LC50 - (WATER) WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 1382 (95% CI 918-3349) mg/L for 48H -- pH 7.21, 21.0-23.0 degrees C, hardness 38 mg/L calcium carbonate LC50 - (WATER) WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 8890 mg/L for 24H -- pH 7.6-7.7, 20-22 degrees C, hardness 16 degrees
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- Methyl ethyl ketone is a colorless, flammable liquid with a moderately sharp, fragrant, mint-like or acetone-like odor (ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991).
PH
VAPOR PRESSURE
- 71.2 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2002)
- 77.5 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; Verschueren, 2001)
- 77.5 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Bingham et al, 2001)
- 78 mmHg (at 20 degrees C; 68 degrees F) (Harbison, 1998; NIOSH , 2002)
- 90.6 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1990)
- 91 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)
- 100 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS, 2002)
- 101 hPa (at 20 degrees C) (Verschueren, 2001)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
- STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
- OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE
0.805 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1997) 0.80615 (at 20/20 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000)
- TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED
FREEZING/MELTING POINT
-85.9 degrees C (Lewis, 2000) -86 degrees C (Ashford, 1994) -86.3 degrees C; -123.3 degrees F; 186.9 K (CHRIS , 2002) -86.4 degrees C (Lewis, 1997) -123 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)
-86 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2002) -86.3 degrees C (ILO , 1998) -86.35 degrees C (Howard, 1990) -86.4 degrees C (ITI, 1995; Verschueren, 2001) -86.6 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001)
BOILING POINT
- 79 degrees (Ashford, 1994)
- 79.57 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)
- 79.6 degrees C; 175.3 degrees F; 352.8 K (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; Budavari, 2000; CHRIS , 2002; Howard, 1990; ILO , 1998; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; OHM/TADS, 2002; Verschueren, 2001)
- 79-80 degrees C (Sittig, 1991)
- 80 degrees C; 176 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)
- 175 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)
FLASH POINT
- -9 degrees C; 16 degrees F (NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991)
- -9 degrees C (closed cup) (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998)
- -6.11 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2002)
- -6 degrees C; 21 degrees F (closed cup) (Budavari, 2000)
- -4.4 degrees C; 24 degrees F (Tagliabue open cup) (Lewis, 1997)
- -4 degrees C (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1991)
- -4 degrees C (open cup) (ITI, 1995)
- 9 degrees C; 50 degrees F (Bingham et al, 2001)
- 10 degrees C (open cup) (Bingham et al, 2001)
- 22 degrees F (Tagliabue open cup) (Lewis, 2000)
- 22 degrees F (closed cup) (CHRIS , 2002)
- 22 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2002)
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE
- 404 degrees C; 759 degrees F (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998; NFPA, 1997)
- 515 degrees C; 960 degrees F (Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000)
- 515.56 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2002)
- 515.6 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; ITI, 1995)
- 961 degrees F (CHRIS , 2002)
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
1.4% (at 93 degrees C; 200 degrees F) (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2002; Sittig, 1991) 1.8% (ACGIH, 1991; CHRIS , 2002; Lewis, 2000) 2% (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997) 1.8 ppm (OHM/TADS, 2002)
10% (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997) 11.4% (at 93 degrees C; 200 degrees F) (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2002; Sittig, 1991) 11.5% (CHRIS , 2002; Lewis, 2000) 12% (ACGIH, 1991; OHM/TADS, 2002) 10 ppm (OHM/TADS, 2002)
SOLUBILITY
Methyl ethyl ketone is soluble in organic, oxygenated, and chlorinated solvents (ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 1994); it is miscible with acetone, benzene, ethanol, ether, and fixed oils (Bingham et al, 2001; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000).
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
- Log 0.29 (Howard, 1991; (HSDB , 2002)
- Log Poct = 0.26 (Verschueren, 2001)
HENRY'S CONSTANT
- 2.4x10(-5) atm-m(3)/mol (Ehrenfeld et al, 1986)
- 1.05x10(-5) atm-m(3)/mol (Howard, 1990)
- 4.7 x 10(-5) atm-m(3)/mol (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)
SPECTRAL CONSTANTS
3-21 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2002)
OTHER/PHYSICAL
5.4 ppm (ACGIH, 1991) 2-10 ppm (Bingham et al, 2001) 10 ppm (CHRIS , 2002; HSDB , 2002; Sittig, 1991) 5.5 ppm (HSDB , 2002) 25 ppm (Baselt, 2000; Baselt, 1997; Hathaway et al, 1996) Detection in water: 5 ppm (HSDB , 2002); 0.7375 mg/m(3) (HSDB , 2002)
1.3788 (at 20 degrees C) (Bingham et al, 2001) 1.379 (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997) 1.3814 (at 15 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000; ITI, 1995)
- NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
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