METHYL CHLORIDE
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
IDENTIFIERS
SYNONYM REFERENCE
- (HSDB , 2000; RTECS , 2000)
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Methyl chloride is used in industries in the production processes of butyl rubber, dyes, ethers, commercial Grignard reagents, methyl cellulose, methyl esters, methylene chloride, methyl mercaptan, perfumes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, plastics, polystyrene, polyurethane foams, quaternary drugs, resins, silicones, tetramethyl lead, timber products, as an extractant, an herbicide, a solvent, and as a fluid in thermometric and thermostatic equipment. It has also been used as a local anesthetic due to its narcotic properties. It was used as a refrigerant gas and an aerosol propellant, but these uses have been discontinued although they may be discovered in older products (AAR, 1998a; ACGIH, 1989; Baselt, 1997a; Baselt & Cravey, 1995a; CGA, 1999; Clayton & Clayton, 1994a; Harbison, 1998a; Hathaway et al, 1996a; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 1998; OHM/TADS, 2000; Raffle et al, 1994a).
Methyl chloride is a flammable, stable, colorless gas at room temperature (15 degrees C and 1 atm). Its scent has been described as odorless, ether-like, faintly sweet, or sweet-smelling; however, this faint odor may not be noticeable, even at dangerous concentrations. It is compressed easily into a colorless liquid which also has a sweet odor. Methyl chloride reportedly has a sweet taste. It floats on water, but its vapors are heavier than air. It can also boil on water. Methyl chloride burns with a smoky flame and creates a visible vapor cloud (AAR, 1987a; AAR, 1998a; ACGIH, 1989; Ashford, 1994a; Baselt, 1997a; Baselt & Cravey, 1995a; Budavari, 1996a; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 1989a; CHRIS, 2000; Clayton & Clayton, 1994a; Harbison, 1998a; Hathaway et al, 1996a; Lewis, 1996a; Lewis, 1997; NFPA, 1986; NIOSH, 2000; Raffle et al, 1994a; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Sax & Lewis, 1989a; Verschueren, 1983a; Windholz et al, 1983). It is usually shipped as a transparent, liquefied gas under its vapor pressure (407 kPa at 21.1 degrees C; 59 psig at 70 degrees F) (AAR, 1998a; CGA, 1999; Harbison, 1998a; NIOSH, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2000). There are various grades of methyl chloride available for commerce and industry (including technical and refrigerator grades) which are usually at least 99.5 mole percent pure; the most common impurities are water vapor and hydrogen chloride gas which are left over from the production process (CGA, 1999; HSDB , 1989a; HSDB , 1999; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1997; Sax & Lewis, 1987).
Methyl chloride is produced by the chlorination of methanol (methanol + hydrogen chloride, anhydrous or hydrochloric acid), and by the Lummus oxychlorination process (natural gas + hydrogen chloride, anhydrous/oxygen) (Ashford, 1994a; CGA, 1999; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1997).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Severe poisoning in man is characterized by a latent period of several hours before the onset of central nervous system and gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, confusion, incoordination, and drowsiness, progressing to delirium, cyanosis, convulsions, coma, respiratory failure, and death. Anemia, hepatic and renal damage may also occur. Symptoms may appear from 3 to 48 hours following inhalation. Recovery from an acute exposure usually occurs within 5 to 6 hours but may take as long as 30 days or more in massive exposure.
- Symptoms of chronic exposure may include confusion, staggering gait, blurred vision, slurred speech, personality changes, depression, irritability, and insomnia.
- Symptoms may recur without further exposure in rare cases during the immediate postexposure period.
- Contact with liquified gas or escaping gas can result in frostbite.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
FIRST AID GENERAL Remove victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100 percent humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Airway protection and maintenance may be required. If tissue is NOT frozen, copiously flush exposed eyes or skin with water. Rescuers should wear appropriate respiratory protection when attempting to remove victims from areas with high air concentrations. Be aware of the serious fire and explosion hazard presented by methyl chloride during rescue attempts.
INHALATION EXPOSURE INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary. Monitor arterial blood gases and chest x-ray in cases with significant exposure. Airway protection and maintenance may be required. A number of chemicals produce abnormalities of the hematopoietic system, liver, and kidneys. Monitoring complete blood count, urinalysis, and liver and kidney function tests is suggested for patients with significant exposure. SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue). Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years). Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999). If frostbite has occurred, DO NOT rub the affected areas, DO NOT flush affected areas with water, or attempt to remove clothing. PREHOSPITAL Rewarming of a localized area should only be considered if the risk of refreezing is unlikely. Avoid rubbing the frozen area which may cause further damage to the area (Grieve et al, 2011; Hallam et al, 2010).
REWARMING Do not institute rewarming unless complete rewarming can be assured; refreezing thawed tissue increases tissue damage. Place affected area in a water bath with a temperature of 40 to 42 degrees Celsius for 15 to 30 minutes until thawing is complete. The bath should be large enough to permit complete immersion of the injured part, avoiding contact with the sides of the bath. A whirlpool bath would be ideal. Some authors suggest a mild antibacterial (ie, chlorhexidine, hexachlorophene or povidone-iodine) be added to the bath water. Tissues should be thoroughly rewarmed and pliable; the skin will appear a red-purple color (Grieve et al, 2011; Hallam et al, 2010; Murphy et al, 2000). Correct systemic hypothermia which can cause cold diuresis due to suppression of antidiuretic hormone; consider IV fluids (Grieve et al, 2011). Rewarming may be associated with increasing acute pain, requiring narcotic analgesics. For severe frostbite, clinical trials have shown that pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, can enhance tissue viability by increasing blood flow and reducing platelet activity (Hallam et al, 2010).
WOUND CARE Digits should be separated by sterile absorbent cotton; no constrictive dressings should be used. Protective dressings should be changed twice per day. Perform twice daily hydrotherapy for 30 to 45 minutes in warm water at 40 degrees Celsius. This helps debride devitalized tissue and maintain range of motion. Keep the area warm and dry between treatments (Hallam et al, 2010; Murphy et al, 2000). The injured extremities should be elevated and should not be allowed to bear weight. In patients at risk for infection of necrotic tissue, prophylactic antibiotics and tetanus toxoid have been recommended by some authors (Hallam et al, 2010; Murphy et al, 2000). Non-tense clear blisters should be left intact due to the risk of infection; tense or hemorrhagic blisters may be carefully aspirated in a setting where aseptic technique is provided (Hallam et al, 2010). Further surgical debridement should be delayed until mummification demarcation has occurred (60 to 90 days). Spontaneous amputation may occur. Analgesics may be required during the rewarming phase; however, patients with severe pain should be evaluated for vasospasm. IMAGING: Arteriography and noninvasive vascular techniques (e.g., plain radiography, laser Doppler studies, digital plethysmography, infrared thermography, isotope scanning), have been useful in evaluating the extent of vasospasm after thawing and assessing whether debridement is needed (Hallam et al, 2010). In cases of severe frostbite, Technetium 99 (triple phase scanning) and MRI angiography have been shown to be the most useful to assess injury and determine the extent or need for surgical debridement (Hallam et al, 2010). TOPICAL THERAPY: Topical aloe vera may decrease tissue destruction and should be applied every 6 hours (Murphy et al, 2000). IBUPROFEN THERAPY: Ibuprofen, a thromboxane inhibitor, may help limit inflammatory damage and reduce tissue loss (Grieve et al, 2011; Murphy et al, 2000). DOSE: 400 mg orally every 12 hours is recommended (Hallam et al, 2010). THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY: Thrombolysis (intra-arterial or intravenous thrombolytic agents) may be beneficial in those patients at risk to lose a digit or a limb, if done within the first 24 hours of exposure. The use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) to clear microvascular thromboses can restore arterial blood flow, but should be accompanied by close monitoring including angiography or technetium scanning to evaluate the injury and to evaluate the effects of t-PA administration. Potential risk of the procedure includes significant tissue edema that can lead to a rise in interstitial pressures resulting in compartment syndrome (Grieve et al, 2011). CONTROVERSIAL: Adjunct pharmacological agents (ie, heparin, vasodilators, prostacyclins, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, dextran) are controversial and not routinely recommended. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, sympathectomy remains unclear (Grieve et al, 2011). CHRONIC PAIN: Vasomotor dysfunction can produce chronic pain. Amitriptyline has been used in some patients; some patients may need a referral for pain management. Inability to tolerate the cold (in the affected area) has been observed following a single episode of frostbite (Hallam et al, 2010). MORBIDITIES: Frostbite can produce localized osteoporosis and possible bone loss following a severe case. These events may take a year or more to develop. Children may be at greater risk to develop more severe events (ie, early arthritis) (Hallam et al, 2010).
Some chemicals can produce systemic poisoning by absorption through intact skin. Carefully observe patients with dermal exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary. Treatment should include recommendations listed in the Inhalation Exposure Section when appropriate.
EYE EXPOSURE DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility. If contact with escaping gas may have caused frostbite of the eyes, DO NOT flush with water; early ophthalmologic consultation should be obtained.
ORAL EXPOSURE Oral exposure to escaping gas might cause frostbite injury to the upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Administer oxygen and maintain airway as clinically indicated. Carefully observe patients with ingestion exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
Recovery from an acute exposure usually occurs within 5 to 6 hours but may take as long as 30 days or more in massive exposures. Neurological symptoms may persist for several months. In the most severe poisoning, neurological effects may be lasting.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
- The lowest published lethal concentration for a human is 20,000 ppm for 2 hours (RTECS , 2001).
- Inhalation is the primary exposure route for methyl chloride. Symptoms of acute exposure to methyl chloride may follow a latent period of several hours and may include headache, dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, staggering gait, slurred speech, hiccoughs; giddiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, renal or hepatic damage, double vision, weakness, paralysis, anemia, convulsions, cyanosis, coma, respiratory failure, and death. Deaths have occurred after one-time, high concentration exposure, as well as, after continuous exposures to lower concentrations. Prolonged or permanent incapacitation, including pregnancy complications, may be experienced by survivors of severe exposures (ACGIH, 1999; (Baselt, 1997; Baselt & Cravey, 1995; CGA, 1999; Harbison, 1998) Hathaway et al., 1996; (IARC, 1986; Lewis, 1996; NIOSH , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000; Raffle et al, 1994).
- A concentration of 1.9 mcg/L in drinking water poses a lifetime cancer risk for 1 in 100,000 persons (Sittig, 1985; Sittig, 1991).
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
- The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.
- Symptoms of chronic and subacute exposures to methyl chloride are often vague and nonspecific, and may include headache, ataxia, staggering gait, weakness, fatigue, drowsiness, loss of memory, tremors, vertigo, speech difficulties, blurred vision, tachycardia, sleep disturbances, mental confusion, personality change, muscular incoordination, elevated body temperatures, rapid respiration, and gastrointestinal disturbances with prolonged vomiting. Chronic effects may occur or persist due to slow elimination from the body. Moderate exposures to methyl chloride (less than 200 ppm), appear to avoid chronic methyl chloride intoxication. Exposures to more than 200 ppm may produce exposure symptoms; removal from exposure may lead to complete recovery within several months (ACGIH, 1999; (Baselt & Cravey, 1989; Baselt, 1997; Baselt & Cravey, 1995; CGA, 1999; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; IARC, 1986; Lewis, 1996; MacDonald, 1964; NIOSH , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000) Raffle et al., 1994).
Symptoms of severe poisoning may include diplopia, muscle spasms, seizures, coma, respiratory depression, and death (Scharnweber et al, 1974). Mild neurologic and psychological sequelae have been reported in a 13-year follow-up study of acute industrial exposure (Gudmundsson, 1977).
- In the workplace, the most significant concern with mild methyl chloride exposures is CNS depression which causes smyptoms of intoxication. Mental confusion and muscular incoordination may increase the risk of injury or even death when working around machinery or equipment (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS74-87-3 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Methyl chloride EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): D ; Listed as: Methyl chloride IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Methyl chloride 3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Methyl chloride MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Methyl chloride Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS74-87-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
Oral: Inhalation: Unit Risk: RfC: 9x10(-2) mg/m3
Drinking Water:
References: IARC, 1986 ITI, 1995 OHM/TADS, 2000 RTECS, 2000
CALCULATIONS
1 ppm = 2.07 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 2000) 1 ppm = 2.09 mg/m(3) (Verschueren, 1983) 1 mg/L = 484 ppm (at 25 degrees C and 760 torr) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2001) 1 mg/m(3) = 0.48 ppm (Verschueren, 1983) 1 ppm = 2.06 mg/m(3) (at 25 degrees C and 760 torr) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2001)
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS74-87-3 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS74-87-3 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS74-87-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS74-87-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
Listed as: Methyl chloride Table Z-1 for Methyl chloride: 8-hour TWA: ppm: mg/m3: Ceiling Value: Skin Designation: No Notation(s): Not Listed
Table Z-2 for Methyl chloride (Z37.18-1969):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS74-87-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS74-87-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
Listed as: Chloromethane Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information: Listed as: Methane, chloro- Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information: Listed as: Methyl chloride Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information:
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS74-87-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS74-87-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
Listed as: Methane, chloro- P or U series number: U045 Footnote: Listed as: Methyl chloride P or U series number: U045 Footnote: Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS74-87-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS74-87-3 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
Listed as: Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87 Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS74-87-3 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS74-87-3 (EPA, 2005):
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1063 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1063 (ICAO, 2002):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS74-87-3 (NFPA, 2002):
-HANDLING AND STORAGE
SUMMARY
Methyl chloride is a flammable gas and a dangerous fire hazard; keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away from areas where methyl chloride is used, handled, or stored. (AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991). Methyl chloride presents an inhalation hazard that can affect the nervous system. The hazard is increased because methyl chloride is a gas at normal temperature and because its odor is not sufficient to provide warning. The vapors are heavier than air and can cause asphyxiation by displacing air. Through evaporative action, methyl chloride can cause frostbite to unprotected skin and eyes (AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).
HANDLING
- Personnel who must handle or use methyl chloride should be fully trained in the safe handling and usage of methyl chloride. Personnel handling liquid methyl chloride should wear leather or vinyl gloves, chemical safety goggles and/or a full-face shield. Personnel in areas with high concentrations of methyl chloride gas should wear appropriate face masks, canister masks, or respirators. All personnel should know the location and proper use of safety showers, eye fountains, and fire extinguishing equipment. Methyl chloride should only be used in well-ventilated areas away from water and sources of ignition (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000).
- Methyl chloride is a flammable gas and a dangerous fire hazard; keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away from areas where methyl chloride is used, handled, or stored. Use only non-sparking tools when working around methyl chloride and work in rooms with spark-proof electrical equipment and fittings (AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; Sittig, 1991).
STORAGE
Methyl chloride may be shipped in as a pressurized liquid in cylinders which meet TC/DOT specifications, in portable tanks, cargo tanks, insulated single-unit tank car tanks, multi-unit tank car tanks, TMU tanks, tank cars, car tanks, and tank barges by rail, highway, water, and air. (CGA, 1999; OHM/TADS , 2000). Containers made of steel, iron, copper, and bronze may be used to store dry methyl chloride. Containers made of zinc, aluminum, die castings, and magnesium alloys should be avoided since methyl chloride corrodes these metals; contact with aluminum should especially be avoided since the combination of methyl chloride, aluminum, and moisture creates spontaneously flammable methyl aluminum compounds. Methyl chloride dissolves many organic materials; avoid gaskets made of natural rubber and neoprene compositions. Gaskets made from pressed fibers (including asbestos) and polyvinyl alcohol are preferred. Containers should be protected from physical damage (CGA, 1999; HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1996; OHM/TADS , 2000).
- ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS
Methyl chloride containers should be tightly closed, and should only be stored under ambient temperatures (>40 degree C), in well-ventilated areas away from heat (including direct sunlight), sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition. It is preferable to store these containers in outside or detached storage facilities. Also, store containers of methyl chloride away from oxidizers and chemically active metals (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).
Methyl chloride is incompatible with aluminum, aluminum compounds, barium, interhalogens (such as bromine trifluoride and bromine pentafluoride), lithium, magnesium, magnesium alloys, potassium, potassium alloys, sodium, sodium alloys, titanium, zinc, and oxidizers such as perchlorates, peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, and permaganates. It attacks plastics, rubbers (including neoprene compositions), and coatings. Methyl chloride is also incompatible with water; contact with water hydrolyzes to form hydrochloric acid (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1996) NIOSH, 2000 OHM/TADS, 2000; (Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.
- Methyl chloride is a flammable gas and a dangerous fire hazard. It is also an inhalation danger which affects the nervous system and may cause frostbite to unprotected skin. Wear appropriate protective clothing including goggles and gloves when using or handling methyl chloride; all protective clothing should be resistant to hydrochloric acid. Remove any clothing which becomes wet with methyl chloride to avoid fire hazard. Keep upwind of methyl chloride and avoid breathing its vapors. Wear appropriate respiratory protection. Employers should provide eyewash fountains and/or quick drench facilities in areas where methyl chloride is used or handled (AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1996; NIOSH , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).
- In addition to appropriate protective clothing, personnel entering enclosed areas should be equipped with safety belts and lifelines (HSDB , 2000).
EYE/FACE PROTECTION
- Wear gas-tight goggles or other appropriate eye protection (i.e., a full-face shield) to protect the eyes from contact with methyl chloride liquid or gas. (AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999) NFPA, 1986; (NIOSH , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).
- When working with methyl chloride, contact lenses should not be worn (HSDB , 2000).
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
- Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.
- Personnel fighting methyl chloride fires should have appropriate respirators to protect them from methyl chloride fumes, as well as from its toxic by-products formed during decomposition. Cartridge-type respirators with charcoal are not completely effective with methyl chloride. A positive pressure, self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece is preferable (AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000) NFPA, 1986; (NIOSH , 2000).
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 74-87-3.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
- Areas where methyl chloride is used, handled, or stored should be well ventilated. To prevent methyl chloride from accumulating at low levels, the air intake level on the exhasust apparatus needs to be set as low as possible (CGA, 1999; HSDB , 2000).
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004) EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957) and Methane (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Methyl chloride gas is extremely flammable; when it is stored as a liquid under its own pressure, methyl chloride has much more flammable material per unit volume than when it is a gas. It is a dangerous fire hazard if exposed to heat or flames and a moderate explosion hazard if exposed to flames or sparks. Methyl chloride vapors are heavier than air and flashback along the vapor trail or distant explosion is possible. The vapors may also displace oxygen and cause asphyxiation (AAR, 1987; AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 1989; CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991). While methyl chloride itself burns feebly, it can quickly form explosive mixtures with air. It burns with a smoky flame. If methyl chloride is on fire or involved in a fire, do not attempt to extinguish the fire unless the flow of methyl chloride can be stopped. Use carbon dioxide or dry chemical to permit personnel access to the shut-off valves. If the flow of methyl chloride cannot be stopped, allow the flame to continue burning and use flooding quantities of water to cool affected containers and surrounding areas. Apply the water from as far away as possible and protect personnel from toxic vapors with appropriate respirators (AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000) NFPA, 1986; (OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991) Windholz, 1983).
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS74-87-3 (NFPA, 2002):
- INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
- TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS74-87-3 (NFPA, 2002):
- While methyl chloride itself burns feebly, it can quickly form explosive mixtures with air. It burns with a smoky flame. If methyl chloride is on fire or involved in a fire, do not attempt to extinguish the fire unless the flow of methyl chloride can be stopped. Use carbon dioxide or dry chemical to permit personnel access to the shut-off valves. If the flow of methyl chloride cannot be stopped, allow the flame to continue burning and use flooding quantities of water to cool affected containers and surrounding areas. Apply the water from as far away as possible and protect personnel from toxic vapors with appropriate respirators (AAR, 1987; AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 1989; CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000) NFPA, 1986; (OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991) Windholz, 1983).
- "For fires involving flammable gases, the best procedure is to stop the flow of the gas before attempting extinguishment of the fire. To extinguish the fire while allowing continued flow of the gas is extremely dangerous; an explosive cloud of gas/air mixture may be created that, if ignited, may cause far more damage than the original fire. Extinguishing the flame using carbon dioxide or dry chemical may be desirable to allow immediate access to valves to shut off the flow of gas, but this must be done carefully. In many cases, it will be preferable to allow continued burning, while protecting exposures with water spray, until the flow of gas can be stopped" (NFPA, 1997).
Methyl chloride emits toxic products (including hydrochloric acid, phosgene, chlorine, and carbon monoxide) when heated to decomposition (>371 degrees C; >700 degrees F) (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1996; HSDB , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000).
EXPLOSION HAZARD
- Methyl chloride presents a moderate explosion hazard if it is exposed to flames or sparks. Containers of methyl chloride may violently rupture and rocket if exposed to prolonged fire or intense heat (AAR, 1987; AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; Lewis, 1996; OHM/TADS , 2000).
- Methyl chloride vapors are heavier than air and flashback along the vapor trail or distant explosion is possible. Vapors in enclosed areas may explode easily; keep enclosed areas well-ventilated (AAR, 1998; CHRIS , 1989; CHRIS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).
- Explosion may occur when heating aluminum powder with methyl chloride in closed systems to a temperature of 152 degrees C, especially when trace amounts of aluminum chloride are present (Urben, 1995).
- Mixtures of ethylene and aluminum chloride rapidly heat and explode in the presence of methyl chloride (initial pressure: 30-60 bar) (Urben, 1995).
- Methyl chloride ignites or explodes upon contact with bromine trifluoride (Urben, 1995).
- Violent explosion occurs when methyl chloride reacts with bromine pentafluoride (Urben, 1995).
- Purification of methyl chloride through condensation onto a fresh sodium mirror is extremely dangerous if the chloromethane contains any moisture or oxygen (Urben, 1995).
DUST/VAPOR HAZARD
- Methyl chloride vapors are heavier than air and flashback along the vapor trail or distant explosion is possible. The vapors may also displace oxygen and cause asphyxiation (AAR, 1987; AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 1989; CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).
- Methyl chloride emits toxic products (including hydrochloric acid, phosgene, chlorine, and carbon monoxide) when heated to decomposition (>371 degrees C; >700 degrees F) (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 1989; CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1996; HSDB , 1989; HSDB , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000).
REACTIVITY HAZARD
- Methyl chloride forms explosive mixtures with air (CGA, 1999).
- Methyl chloride explodes on contact with interhalogens such as bromine trifluoride and bromine pentafluoride. It may explode on contact with reactive metals such as aluminum and aluminum compounds/powders, lithium, magnesium and its alloys, potassium and its alloys, sodium and its alloys, titanium, and zinc (CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1996) NFPA, 1986; (NIOSH , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991; Urben, 1995).
- Methyl chloride has potentially violent reactions with strong oxidizers such as perchlorates, peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, and permaganates. (Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991; Urben, 1995).
- Methyl chloride attacks plastics, rubbers (including neoprene compositions), and coatings (CGA, 1999; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- Methyl chloride hydrolyzes slowly in the presence of moisture and creates a corrosive hydrochloric acid (CGA, 1999; OHM/TADS , 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- Methyl chloride emits toxic products (including hydrochloric acid, phosgene, chlorine, and carbon monoxide) when heated to decomposition (>371 degrees C; >700 degrees F) (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1996; HSDB , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000).
- Refer to the "EXPLOSION HAZARD" section of this document for additional information.
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
- LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas.
- Keep upwind of fires, spills, and leaks involving this material, and stay out of low-lying areas (AAR, 1998; CHRIS , 2000).
- The hazard area should be isolated and entry denied to unnecessary persons (CHRIS , 2000).
- Consider evacuating an area one-half mile in radius if a container is exposed directly to flames or if a fire becomes uncontrollable (AAR, 1998).
- If methyl chloride is leaking but not on fire, consider evacuating in a downwind direction with the area determined by such factors as weather conditions, the location, and the amount of spilled material (AAR, 1998).
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS74-87-3 (AIHA, 2006):
Listed as Methyl Chloride ERPG-1 (units = ppm): Not appropriate ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 400 ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 1000 Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No Definitions: ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor. ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action. ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS74-87-3 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
Listed as Methyl chloride TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 100 TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 100 TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 910 TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 3000 Definitions: TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects. TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.
- AEGL Values for CAS74-87-3 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS74-87-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
IDLH: 2000 ppm Note(s): Ca
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 115 (ERG, 2004) Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.
Methyl chloride leaks may be either liquid or vapor. If methyl chloride is leaking but not on fire, evacuate the area and keep untrained personnel away. Insure that all sources of ignition, such as sparks and flames, are removed from the area. Insure that the area is ventilated to disperse vapors. Reenter the area from upwind. Attempt to stop the leak only if this can be done without risk to personnel. Keep spilled methyl chloride out of sewers and water sources. Use water spray to disperse or knock down vapors (AAR, 1998; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).
Do not burn methyl chloride as part of a beach/shore restoration (OHM/TADS , 2000). To clean spills in situ, use carbon on the soluble portions of the spill and neutralize the hydrochloric acid which forms with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (OHM/TADS , 2000). Using an appropriate regulator and flexible tubing, leaking methyl chloride may be absorbed into xylene, toluene, benzene, chloroform, or other suitable organic solvents, and may then be recovered or disposed of (CGA, 1999). Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.
Methyl chloride may be incinerated, followed by adequate scrubbing and removal of ash to disposal facilities. Use care to avoid damage to incinerators caused by the formation of hydrochloric acid (OHM/TADS , 2000; Sittig, 1991).
-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION HAZARD
- Methyl chloride is a common air contaminant. It is produced by a variety of natural processes such as brush and forest fires (0.6 g/kg vegetation); volatiles from trees, other plants, and fungi; and by volcanic action. It appears also to be produced from the oceans as a by-product of seaweed and algae photosynthesis, although it may be produced by a broadly distributed methionine transferase enzyme. It has been estimated that less than 1 percent of methyl chloride in the environment results from industrial processes. Methyl chloride is released into the air and into wastewater as a result of its production and use in industry. It is formed in sewage effluent, and by the processes of water treatment and chlorination. It is also released from tobacco smoke, and from wood, field, and backyard burning (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Howard, 1989; Raffle et al, 1994).
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS
Methyl chloride in the atmosphere is primarily lost by reaction with hydroxyl radicals and by upward diffusion from the tropopause to about 30 km altitude. Rain washout may also be important at these levels. Above 30 km, methyl chloride is lost through reaction with hydroxyl radicals and through photodissociation. The surface half-life of methyl chloride is 80 days based on the process of upward diffusion (Howard, 1989).
TERRESTRIAL Methyl chloride in soil is quickly lost through volatilization; however, some of it may leach into ground water. It will not significantly adsorb to soil due to its low, log octanol/water partition coefficient (Howard, 1989).
ABIOTIC DEGRADATION
- Methyl chloride hydrolyzes with a calculated half-life of 0.93 year (at pH 7 and 25 degrees C); the hydrolysis rate is independent of pH below pH 10. Methyl chloride is degraded by the reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an abstracted half-life of 1 year and it is degraded by photodissociation at about the same rate (Howard, 1989).
The first order hydrolysis half-life is 292 days (7000 hours) at pH 7, the acid rate constant is 2.75x10(-8) M(-1) s(-1), and the base rate constant is 2.76x10(-8) M(-1) s(-1) based on neutral and base catalyzed hydrolysis at 25 degrees C, extrapolated from test data at higher temperatures (Howard et al, 1991). The photooxidation half-life in air ranges from 61.3 days (1472 hours) to 613 days (14,717 hours) based on measured rate constants for the reaction with hydroxyl radicals (Howard et al, 1991). Photolysis occurs with maximum light absorption <174 nm for methyl chloride gas with no absorption occurring >230 nm (Howard et al, 1991).
BIODEGRADATION
- Anaerobic conditions allow methyl chloride to biodegrade slowly, but it will not biodegrade under aerobic conditions (Howard, 1989).
The anaerobic half-life of methyl chloride ranges from 28 days (672 hours) to 16 weeks (2688 hours) based on estimated aerobic biodegradation (Howard et al, 1991). The aerobic half-life of methyl chloride ranges from 7 days (168 hours) to 28 days (672 hours) based on unacclimated aerobic aqueous screening test data for dichloromethane in settled domestic wastewater inoculum and activated sludge inoculum (Howard et al, 1991).
BIOACCUMULATION
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
- References: (HSDB , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000)
- Methyl chloride is reportedly not harmful to aquatic life or to waterfowl; it has no biological oxygen demand and no foodchain concentration potential (CHRIS , 2000).
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- Methyl chloride is a flammable, stable, colorless gas at room temperature (15 degrees C and 1 atm). Its scent has been described as odorless, ether-like, faintly sweet, or sweet-smelling; however, this faint odor may not be noticeable, even at dangerous concentrations. It is compressed easily into a colorless liquid which also has a sweet odor. Methyl chloride reportedly also has a sweet taste. It floats on water, but its vapors are heavier than air. It can also boil on water. Methyl chloride burns with a smoky flame and creates a visible vapor cloud (AAR, 1998) ACGIH, 1999; (Ashford, 1994; Baselt, 1997; Baselt & Cravey, 1995; Budavari, 1996; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Harbison, 1998; Hathaway et al, 1996; Lewis, 1997) NFPA, 1986; (NIOSH , 2000; Raffle et al, 1994; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Verschueren, 1983) Windholz, 1983).
VAPOR PRESSURE
- 101 atm (at -80 degrees F) (OHM/TADS , 2000)
- 355.6 atm (at -40 degrees F) (OHM/TADS , 2000)
- 760 atm (at -24 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2000)
- 1093.6 mmHg (at 5 degrees F) (OHM/TADS , 2000)
- 5.0 atm (at 20 degrees C) (NIOSH , 2000; Verschueren, 1983)
- 506 kPa, abs; 73.4 psig (at 21.1 degrees C; 70 degrees F) (CGA, 1999)
- 4300 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (calculated) (HSDB , 2000)
- 6.7 atm (at 30 degrees C) (Verschueren, 1983)
- 4309.7 mmHg (at 30 degrees C) (Howard, 1989)
- 852.9 kPa, abs; 123.7 psig (at 40.6 degrees C; 105 degrees F) (CGA, 1999)
- 990.8 kPa, abs; 143.7 psig (at 46.1 degrees C; 115 degrees F) (CGA, 1999)
- 1198 kPa, abs; 173.7 psig (at 54.4 degrees C; 130 degrees F) (CGA, 1999)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE
GAS: 0.918 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000) GAS: 0.9159 (at 20/4 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)
DENSITY
- OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE
GAS: 2.130 kg/m(3); 0.1330 lb/ft(3) (at 21.1 degrees C; 70 degrees F and 1 atm) (CGA, 1999) GAS: 2.547 kg/m(3); 0.159 lb/ft(3) (at -24.2 degrees C; -11.6 degrees F and 1 atm) (CGA, 1999) LIQUID: 996.3 kg/m(3); 62.2 lb/ft(3) (at the boiling point) (CGA, 1999) LIQUID: 1.3712 g/mL (at -23.7 degrees C) (Windholz, 1983) LIQUID: 917.9 kg/m(3); 57.3 lb/ft(3) (at 21.1 degrees C; 70 degrees F) (CGA, 1999) LIQUID: 890.6 kg/m(3); 55.6 lb/ft(3) (at 40.6 degrees C; 105 degrees F) (CGA, 1999) LIQUID: 855 kg/m(3); 53.4 lb/ft(3) (at 46.1 degrees C; 115 degrees F) (CGA, 1999) LIQUID: 849.0 kg/m(3); 53.0 lb/ft(3) (at 54.4 degrees C; 130 degrees F) (CGA, 1999)
BOILING POINT
- -23.7 degrees C (Budavari, 1996; Howard, 1989; Lewis, 1997; Sax & Lewis, 1989) Windholz, 1983)
- -24 degrees C; -11 degrees F (Ashford, 1994; NFPA, 1997; OHM/TADS , 2000; Verschueren, 1983)
- -24.2 degrees C; -11.6 degrees F; 249 K (at 1 atm) (ACGIH, 1999; (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
- -12 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000)
FLASH POINT
- <0 degrees C; <32 degrees F (open cup) (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1997; Sax & Lewis, 1989)
- -50 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE
- 632.2 degrees C; 1170 degrees F (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1997; NFPA, 1997; Sax & Lewis, 1989)
- 632 degrees C (Lewis, 1997; NFPA, 1997)
- 632.22 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)
- 634 degrees C (HSDB , 2000)
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
8.1% (Budavari, 1996; CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997; OHM/TADS , 2000; Sax & Lewis, 1989) Windholz, 1983) 10.7% (Lewis, 1997) NFPA, 1986; Raffle, 1994; (Sax & Lewis, 1989) 10.7 ppm (OHM/TADS , 2000)
17% (CGA, 1999; CHRIS , 2000; Lewis, 1997; Sax & Lewis, 1989) 17.2% (ACGIH, 1999; (Budavari, 1996; OHM/TADS , 2000) Windholz, 1983) 17.4% (CHRIS , 1989; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2000) Raffle, 1994) 17.4 ppm (OHM/TADS , 2000)
SOLUBILITY
Methyl chloride is slightly soluble in water (decomposes) (ACGIH, 1999; (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1997; NFPA, 1997; Sax & Lewis, 1989) Windholz, 1983): 0.5% (NIOSH , 2000); 0.9 g/100 mL water (at 20 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994); 303 mL/100 mL water (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 2000); 400 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2000); 5320 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000); 0.648% (at 30 degrees C) (Howard, 1989); GAS: 3.4 (at 0 degrees C; 32 degrees F and 1 atm) (CGA, 1999); GAS: 2.2 (at 20 degrees C; 68 degrees F and 1 atm) (CGA, 1999); GAS: 1.7 (at 30 degrees C; 86 degrees F and 1 atm) (CGA, 1999); GAS: 1.3 (at 40 degrees C; 104 degrees F and 1 atm) (CGA, 1999).
Methyl chloride is soluble in acetone, alcohol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl ether, glacial acetic acid, ethanol, and methanol (ACGIH, 1999; (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1997) NFPA, 1986; (Sax & Lewis, 1989) Windholz, 1983). It is also described as miscible with chloroform, ether, and glacial acetic acid (Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996; Sax & Lewis, 1989) Windholz, 1983): 4723 mL/100 mL benzene (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996) HSBD, 2000); 3756 mL/100 mL carbon tetrachloride (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 2000); 3679 mL/100 mL glacial acetic acid (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 2000); 3740 mL/100 mL ethanol (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 2000); 7.8 g/100 mL ethanol (at 20 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT
- log Kow = 0.91 (Howard, 1989)
HENRY'S CONSTANT
- 2.4x10(-2) atm-m(3)/mol (Howard, 1989)
- 8.82x10(-3) atm-m(3)/mol (at 24 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)
SPECTRAL CONSTANTS
OTHER/PHYSICAL
-REFERENCES
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY- 40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
- 40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
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