METHYL ACETYLENE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C3-H4 CH3CCH

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

116-GASES - FLAMMABLE (UNSTABLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(NIOSH , 1997; RTECS , 1997)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Methyl acetylene is used as a simple anesthetic and as an asphyxiant in high concentration (Lewis, 1996).
It also is used as a specialty fuel (often in welding torches), as a chemical intermediate, and as an aerosol propellant (ITI, 1988; Lewis, 1993).

SOURCES

One methyl acetylene manufacturing process mentioned in the literature involves catalytic or thermal pyrolysis of propene (HSDB , 1997).
In cracked gas (e.g., steam cracking of hydrocarbons), use solvent extraction and low-temperature fractional distillation to recover methyl acetylene. Selective hydrogenation will also recover the compound (HSDB , 1997).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Methyl acetylene gas exposure has caused central nervous system (CNS) depression and coma in experimental animals. It is expected to produce the same effects in humans following significant exposure. It can act as a simple asphyxiant at high airborne concentrations.

In experimental animals, hyperexcitability followed by lethargy and ataxia, muscular fasciculations, pulmonary edema and alveolar hemorrhage, bronchiolitis, pneumonitis, mydriasis, and marked salivation have occurred.

Exposure to the escaping compressed liquid can cause frostbite injury.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning.
Some may be toxic if inhaled at high concentrations.
Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

The following first aid measures are suggested (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

EYE EXPOSURE - If the eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
TARGET ORGANS - Respiratory and central nervous systems.

GENERAL -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
If frostbite has occurred, do not rub the affected areas, flush them with water or attempt to remove frozen clothing. Seek medical attention immediately.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Ingestion of this compound is unlikely as it is a gas at ambient temperatures.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

Twenty rats were exposed to an airborne concentration of 28,700 ppm of methyl acetylene for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 6 months. The mortality rate was 40% for exposed versus 10% for control animals (Hathaway et al, 1996).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.
Based on CNS in experimental animals with exposure to high airborne concentrations of this compound, it is expected that humans exposed to relatively similar concentrations will experience the similar effects (Hathaway et al, 1996).

ANIMAL DATA

Twenty rats and 2 dogs were exposed to methyl acetylene at an airborne concentration of 28,700 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 6 months. Rats experienced ataxia after 7 minutes of exposure. Dogs experienced ataxia and mydriasis after 13 minutes and within 15 minutes were staggering and exhibiting marked salivation and muscle fasciculations (Hathaway et al, 1996).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS74-99-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Methyl acetylene
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Methyl acetylene
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS74-99-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

LC- (INHALATION)RAT:
- greater than 42,000 ppm for 6 hours ((RTECS, 1997))

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 1.67 mg/m(3) (NIOSH , 1997)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS74-99-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Methyl acetylene

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 1000 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): CNS impair
Molecular Weight: 40.07

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS74-99-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS74-99-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Methyl acetylene
REL:

TWA: 1000 ppm (1650 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 1700 ppm
Note(s): [10%LEL]

[10%LEL]: The 10%LEL designation is provided where the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. This is used for safety purposes in some cases even though toxicity is not indicative of irreversible health effects or impairment of escape exists only at higher concentrations.

OSHA PEL Values for CAS74-99-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Methyl acetylene (Propyne)
Table Z-1 for Methyl acetylene (Propyne):

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 1000

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 1650

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS74-99-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS74-99-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS74-99-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS74-99-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS74-99-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS74-99-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS74-99-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS74-99-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1-Propyne

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS74-99-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Propyne
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 1

(1) Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care.

Flammability Rating (Red): 4

(4) Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 3

(3) Materials which in themselves are capable of detonation but which require a strong initiating source, or which must be heated first. This rating includes materials which are shock sensitive at elevated temperatures, and which react explosively with water without requiring heat.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Ensure that containers are not physically damaged (ITI, 1988).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store chemical in a well-ventilated area, preferably outdoors or in a detached storage area. Keep methyl acetylene out of direct sunlight (ITI, 1988).
When the compound is stored indoors, use a room or cabinet that is suitable for combustible liquid storage. Provide adequate ventilation (ITI, 1988).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Keep separate from oxidizing materials and copper and copper alloys (HSDB , 1997; Lewis, 1996).
Keep away from heat or flame (Lewis, 1996).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Wear appropriate eye protection. Contact with liquid could result in frostbite, which may cause burns or tissue damage (NIOSH , 1997).

If the chemical contacts the eyes, irrigate with water (ITI, 1988).

Eyewash or quick drench facilities should be immediately available to employees who work with or in the vicinity of the substance (NIOSH , 1997).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 74-99-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)
- EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
- Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Will form explosive mixtures with air.
- Silane will ignite spontaneously in air.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Methyl acetylene is a highly flammable gas (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
When exposed to heat or flame, methyl acetylene is a dangerous fire hazard (Lewis, 1996).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS74-99-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Propyne
Flammability Rating: 4

(4) Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical or CO2.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray or fog.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS74-99-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Propyne
Extinguishing Method(s): 6

6: Flammable gas fires are only safe to extinguish once the gas flow has been turned off. Attempting to fight a gas fire without turning off the gas can cause formation of an explosive gas cloud.

To fight a methyl acetylene fire, stop the flow of gas (Lewis, 1996).

Firefighting agents include carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or "alcohol" foam. Fire-exposed containers of methyl acetylene should be kept cool with water (ITI, 1988).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Acrid smoke and irritating fumes are emitted when the compound is heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Methyl acetylene, in the form of vapor, is explosive when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1996).

If liquid-containing cylinders are heated to a wall temperature of 95 degrees C with pressures of 3.5 bar, an explosion from the hot spot may result (Urben, 1995).

Copper propynide, an explosive substance, may form when methyl acetylene is applied as a monopropellant (Urben, 1995).

Copper and silver derivatives of methyl acetylene will explode when heated or given a shock (ITI, 1988).

At 4.5 to 5.6 atmospheres pressure, methyl acetylene will decompose and can explode (NFPA, 1994).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Vapors of methyl acetylene will explode when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1996).

Methyl acetylene vapors can cause central nervous system depression. The chemical is a simple anesthetic and, in high concentration, is an asphyxiant (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Methyl acetylene will react vigorously with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1996).

In ammoniacal solution, the compound reacts to form a silver derivative that ignites at 150 degrees C (Urben, 1995).

When the endothermic hydrocarbon is induced to decompose, flames are propagated in the absence of air with minimum pressures above 3.4 and 2.1 bar at 20 and 120 degrees C, respectively (Urben, 1995).

Methyl acetylene, in the form of vapor, is explosive when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1996).

If liquid-containing cylinders are heated to a wall temperature of 95 degrees C with pressures of 3.5 bar, an explosion from the hot spot may result (Urben, 1995).

Copper propynide, an explosive substance, may form when methyl acetylene is applied as a monopropellant (Urben, 1995).

Copper and silver derivatives of methyl acetylene will explode when heated or given a shock (ITI, 1988).

At 4.5 to 5.6 atmospheres pressure, methyl acetylene will decompose and can explode (NFPA, 1994).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS74-99-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS74-99-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Methyl acetylene
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 1,000
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 1,700
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 1,700
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 1,700
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS74-99-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS74-99-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 1700 ppm
Note(s): [10%LEL]

([10%LEL]) The 10%LEL designation is provided where the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. This is used for safety purposes in some cases even though toxicity is not indicative of irreversible health effects or impairment of escape exists only at higher concentrations.

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 116 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
Use forced ventilation to ensure gas concentration remains below the explosive range (ITI, 1988).
Information in HSDB (1997) cautions that the method of allowing methyl acetylene gas to escape into the open air should only be employed when small quantities of the gas exist and in an area where there are no ignition sources. Large quantities of the gas should be carefully burned.
If methyl acetylene is leaking, perform the following in the order listed, keeping the information immediately above in mind (HSDB , 1997):
- Remove ignition sources.
- Disperse the gas by ventilating the area.
- Stop the gas flow.
- If the leak exists in a cylinder, remove to open air.
- Repair the leak, if possible, or allow the gas to bleed off.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Use care to burn methyl acetylene in a pit or fit the pipe line into a furnace (ITI, 1988).
"At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices" (HSDB , 1997).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Pollution sources include car and turbine engine exhaust, biomass, polymer combustion and petroleum manufacturing emissions. Methyl acetylene comprises 0.9% of emitted hydrocarbons in diesel engine exhaust (Verschueren, 2001; HSDB, 2004).

In nonsmokers, the compound exists in exhaled air at 0.81 mcg/hr; in smokers, the level is 1.1 to 2.3 mcg/hr (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

When methyl acetylene is released to the air, it degrades by reacting with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (HSDB, 2004).
A rate constant of 5.9 x 10(-12) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 25 degrees C was determined for the vapor-phase reaction of methyl acetylene with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 2.7 days, given an atmospheric concentration of 5 x 10(5) hydroxyl radicals per cm(3). Methyl acetylene reacts with OH radicals to yield methyl and propargyl radicals and water. Further reactions yield formaldehyde (HSDB, 2004).
A rate constant of 1.8 x 10(-16) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 25 degrees C was determined for the vapor phase reaction of the compound with photochemically produced nitrate radicals. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of approximately 89 days with an atmospheric concentration of 5 x 10(8) nitrate radicals per cm(3) (HSDB, 2004).
For the vapor-phase reaction of methyl acetylene with atmospheric ozone, the determined rate constant is 1.43 x 10(-20) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 21 degrees C. This is equivalent to an atmospheric half-life of 800 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7 x 10(11) molecules/cm(3) (HSDB, 2004).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- It is expected that methyl acetylene will evaporate from water into the air. When dissolved in water, it has the potential to leach (HSDB, 2004).
- Estimated volatilization half-lives for model rivers were 1.9 and 22 hours for a 1 meter deep pond and a 2 meter deep pond, respectively (HSDB, 2004).
GROUND WATER
- It has the potential to leach if dissolved in water (HSDB, 2004).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- When the substance is released to soil, it is expected to evaporate into the atmosphere (HSDB, 2004).
- It is extremely mobile in soil (HSDB, 2004).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

In air, methyl acetylene degrades by reacting with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. In surface water, methyl acetylene generally will evaporate. In soil, methyl acetylene is expected to either evaporate, or if dissolved in water, potentially leach to groundwater. Bioconcentration is not an important fate process (HSDB, 2004).

BIODEGRADATION

Methyl acetylene has been at least partially biodegraded by a Rhodococcus species (HSDB, 2004).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

In aquatic species, bioconcentration is not an important fate process (HSDB, 2004).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

40.07 (Lewis, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Methyl acetylene is a colorless, liquefied gas. It possesses a sweet odor (Lewis, 1993; NIOSH , 1997).

VAPOR PRESSURE

3876 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996)

3800 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.66 (at -13/4 degrees C) (ITI, 1988)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.7062 (ACGIH, 1991)

DENSITY

STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(0 degrees C; 32 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.787 g/L (Lewis, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-101.5 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)
-102.7 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

MELTING POINT

-104 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)
-103 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

BOILING POINT

-23.3 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)

FLASH POINT

Not applicable (gas) (NIOSH , 1997)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

1.7% (NIOSH , 1997)

UPPER

11.7% (ACGIH, 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Methyl acetylene is slightly soluble in water (3640 mg/L (at 25 degrees C)).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is soluble in benzene and readily soluble in alcohol (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 1997).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 0.94 (HSDB , 1997)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

CRITICAL PRESSURE

5.35 MPa (HSDB , 1997)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

400.8 degrees K (HSDB , 1997)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-1.8496X10(9) J/kmol (HSDB , 1997)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.3863 (at -40 degrees C/D) (HSDB , 1997)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

10.36 eV (NIOSH , 1997)

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METHYL ACETYLENE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents