METHYL ACETATE

Methyl acetate is used in nail polish removers, in synthetic flavoring food additives, as a solvent in lacquers and paint removers, and as a major component of methyl acetone (a mixed solvent derived from the distillation of wood and widely used at one time). It is also mixed with acetone and methanol and used in the plastic and artificial leather industries and in the production of perfumes, coloring agents, and lacquers (Minns et al, 2013; Heldreth et al, 2012; Grant & Schuman, 1993; HSDB, 2002; Lewis, 1998; ACGIH, 1991a; ILO, 1998).
FOOD FLAVORING: Methyl acetate is permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption for flavoring purposes and is recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (Heldreth et al, 2012).
NAIL POLISH REMOVERS: Many non-acetone nail polish removers contain methyl acetate (concentration range, 10% to 60%) (Heldreth et al, 2012; Minns et al, 2013).

FORMS

Methyl acetate is commonly available with at least 96% purity, with the major contaminants of methanol (less than or equal to 2.5%) and water (less than or equal to 1.5%) (Heldreth et al, 2012). It can also be available as a mixture of 80/20 methyl acetate/methanol (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005).
Methyl acetate may contain up to 0.1% of acetic acid as impurity (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005).

SOURCES

Methyl acetate is the ester of methanol and acetic acid (Heldreth et al, 2012). It is manufactured via the esterification of acetamide with methanol catalyzed by an acid and via the refinement of wood spirits (derived from distilled pyroligneous acid derived from wood) (Bingham et al, 2001).
Methyl acetate can also be produced by reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005).
Methyl acetate is also a naturally occurring compound and may be released to the environment. Natural sources include mint, fungus, grapes, bananas, coffee, and nectarines (Bingham et al, 2001).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Methyl acetate is the ester of methanol and acetic acid. It is commonly available with at least 96% purity, with the major contaminant of methanol. It is used in nail polish removers, in synthetic flavoring food additives, as a solvent in lacquers and paint removers, and as a major component of methyl acetone (a mixed solvent derived from the distillation of wood and widely used at one time). It is also mixed with acetone and methanol and used in the plastic and artificial leather industries and in the production of perfumes, coloring agents, and lacquers. FOOD FLAVORING: Methyl acetate is permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption for flavoring purposes and is recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration.

TOXICOLOGY: Following ingestion and inhalation of methyl acetate, it is hydrolyzed rapidly to methanol and acetic acid. Methyl acetate has the potential to cause methanol poisoning, however there are no well documented cases of methanol poisoning resulting from methyl acetate exposure. Methanol is metabolized to formaldehyde and formic acid via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. Formic acid causes a metabolic acidosis and blindness. Refer to "METHANOL" management for more information.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure (dermal, inhalational and ingestion) from nail polish remover and other cosmetics is common and has not resulted in significant toxicity. Occupational exposure can cause irritant effects. Extremely large ingestion has the potential to cause significant methanol poisoning but this has not been reported.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Methyl acetate is irritating to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Inhalational exposure of methyl acetate may cause throat irritation, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, palpitations, headache, fatigue, dizziness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Ingestion of methyl acetate may cause headache, drowsiness, ataxia, asthenia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Eye burns, blurred vision, lacrimation may also occur. Dry, red, rough skin, and rash may occur following contact with methyl acetate liquid.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Extremely large exposure has the potential to cause significant methanol poisoning but this has not been reported. Expected effects would include anion gap metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances, blindness, CNS depression, and coma.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

SUMMARY

USES: Methyl acetate is the ester of methanol and acetic acid. It is commonly available with at least 96% purity, with the major contaminant of methanol. It is used in nail polish removers, in synthetic flavoring food additives, as a solvent in lacquers and paint removers, and as a major component of methyl acetone (a mixed solvent derived from the distillation of wood and widely used at one time). It is also mixed with acetone and methanol and used in the plastic and artificial leather industries and in the production of perfumes, coloring agents, and lacquers. FOOD FLAVORING: Methyl acetate is permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption for flavoring purposes and is recognized as safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration.
TOXICOLOGY: Following ingestion and inhalation of methyl acetate, it is hydrolyzed rapidly to methanol and acetic acid. Methyl acetate has the potential to cause methanol poisoning, however there are no well documented cases of methanol poisoning resulting from methyl acetate exposure. Methanol is metabolized to formaldehyde and formic acid via alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively. Formic acid causes a metabolic acidosis and blindness. Refer to "METHANOL" management for more information.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure (dermal, inhalational and ingestion) from nail polish remover and other cosmetics is common and has not resulted in significant toxicity. Occupational exposure can cause irritant effects. Extremely large ingestion has the potential to cause significant methanol poisoning but this has not been reported.
MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Methyl acetate is irritating to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Inhalational exposure of methyl acetate may cause throat irritation, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, palpitations, headache, fatigue, dizziness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Ingestion of methyl acetate may cause headache, drowsiness, ataxia, asthenia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Eye burns, blurred vision, lacrimation may also occur. Dry, red, rough skin, and rash may occur following contact with methyl acetate liquid.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Extremely large exposure has the potential to cause significant methanol poisoning but this has not been reported. Expected effects would include anion gap metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances, blindness, CNS depression, and coma.

ACID-BASE

Methanol formed by the hydrolysis of methyl acetate may be responsible for its toxicity (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012). Anion gap metabolic acidosis may occur following exposure to high concentrations, depending on the concentration of methanol produced.
NAIL POLISH REMOVERS: One retrospective study evaluated 83 cases (75 patients were 5 years and younger; 4 patients were 6 years and older; 4 adult patients) of exposure to methyl acetate-containing nail polish removers. In most cases, the amount of nail polish remover ingested was unknown, and only 11 (13%) patients ingested more than a mouthful. A 2-year-old boy developed mild metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate 17 mmol/L and anion gap 16) after ingesting about 12 mL of Fung-off No Lift fungal liquid for nails. Metabolic acidosis resolved spontaneously and no other effects were reported (Minns et al, 2013).

CARDIOVASCULAR

Chest tightness and palpitations have been reported with methyl acetate exposure (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005; Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011).

DERMATOLOGIC

Dry, red, rough skin, and rash may occur following contact with methyl acetate liquid (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011).

GASTROINTESTINAL

Ingestion of methyl acetate liquid may cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011).

HEENT

Eye burns, blurred vision, and lacrimation have been reported with occupational exposure (inhalation and possibly skin contact). One patient developed blindness after methyl acetate vapor exposure (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005; Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011).
OPTIC NERVE ATROPHY: Optic nerve atrophy may occur with occupational methyl acetate exposure (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011).
NOSE IRRITATION: Nose irritation may occur with methyl acetate vapor exposure (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011).
THROAT IRRITATION: Throat irritation and sore throat may occur with methyl acetate vapor exposure (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011).

NEUROLOGIC

Drowsiness, headache, dizziness, and lightheadedness may occur with methyl acetate vapor exposure (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005; Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011).
Methanol formed by the hydrolysis of methyl acetate might be responsible for its toxicity, resulting in headache, dizziness, coma, and optic nerve damage (visual disturbances, blindness) (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012).

RESPIRATORY

Cough and dyspnea may occur with methyl acetate vapor exposure (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005).
Acute lung injury may occur with inhalational exposure to high concentrations of methyl acetate (New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, 2003).

INGESTION NAIL POLISH REMOVERS

One retrospective study evaluated 83 cases of exposure to these methyl acetate-containing nail polish removers; 75 patients were 5 years and younger; 4 children were 6 years and older; 4 patients were adults. In most cases, the amount of nail polish remover ingested was unknown, and only 11 (13%) patients ingested more than a mouthful. Four adults ingested "a mouthful" to 150 mL of non-acetone nail polish removers. Overall, 75% (n=62) of patients were referred to a healthcare facility; 75% did not develop any effects. Minor effects developed in 25% of cases and these effects included vomiting (n=12; 14%), throat/oral irritation (n=5; 6%), drowsiness (n=1; 1.2%), abdominal pain (n=1; 1.2%), and ataxia (n=1; 1.2%). A 2-year-old boy developed mild metabolic acidosis after ingesting about 12 mL of Fung-off No Lift fungal liquid for nails. The acidosis resolved spontaneously and no other effects were reported (Minns et al, 2013).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Methyl acetate is irritating to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Inhalational exposure of methyl acetate may cause throat irritation, cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, palpitations, headache, fatigue, dizziness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Ingestion of methyl acetate may cause headache, drowsiness, ataxia, asthenia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Eye burns, blurred vision, lacrimation may also occur. Dry, red, rough skin, and rash may occur following contact with methyl acetate liquid.

Extremely large exposure has the potential to cause significant methanol poisoning but this has not been reported. Expected effects would include anion gap metabolic acidosis, visual disturbances, blindness, CNS depression, and coma.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE: Flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007). (Chemsoft(R) , 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Toxicity after an acute ingestion of a small amount of methyl acetate-containing nail polish remover is unlikely. After large ingestions, methyl acetate is rapidly absorbed and may cause CNS depression. Gastrointestinal decontamination is generally not recommended in either case.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ANIMAL DATA

CAT: Inhalation exposure to about 54,000 ppm (163 mg/L) was lethal to cats within 1 to 9 minutes (ACGIH, 1991).
MOUSE: After 10 to 20 minutes of inhalation exposure at 55,440 ppm, immediate irritation, dyspnea, narcosis, and death (from pulmonary edema) were reported (Bingham et al, 2001).
RAT: A concentration of 35,000 ppm in air is lethal to rats (OHM/TADS , 2002).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

Human exposure to 10,000 ppm (or 30 mg/L) for a short period of time resulted in eye, nose, and throat irritation, which persisted after cessation of exposure (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005; Hathaway et al, 1996). Industrial exposures at or below 200 ppm did not cause any irritation or systemic injury (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005).

At a level of 3100 ppm, methyl acetate is considered to be immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), based on 10% of the lower explosion limit for safety considerations. However, other sources indicated the irreversible health effects of impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 200 ppm (606 mg/m(3)) TWA; 250 ppm (757 mg/m(3)) (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011). The recommended airborne exposure limit averaged over an 8-hour workshift: 200 ppm. The short-term exposure limits: 250 ppm (New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, 2003).

NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 200 ppm (610 mg/m(3)) TWA; 250 ppm (760 mg/m(3)) (Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011). The recommended airborne exposure limit averaged over an 10-hour workshift: 200 ppm. The short-term exposure limits, not to exceed during any 15 minute work period: 250 ppm (New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, 2003).

After short inhalation exposure at 4950 ppm, ocular and respiratory irritation were reported in humans (Bingham et al, 2001).

NAIL POLISH REMOVERS

In the United States, methyl acetate containing nail polish removers are available in 2 to 16-ounce (59 to 473 mL) containers.
CALCULATION: Calculations based on the theoretical conversion of methyl acetate to methanol appear to overestimate the likelihood of toxicity. In the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) report on methanol, the lowest lethal dose of methanol in humans was 0.3 to 1 g/kg body weight. Based on this, the lowest lethal dose in a 10-kg child would be 3 g (or 0.09 mol) methanol, produced from the metabolism of 0.09 mole or 6.9 g of methyl acetate. Therefore, the lethal dose for a 10 kg child could be as low as be 14 g (equivalent to 14 mL) of nail polish remover containing 50% w/w methyl acetate. The Danish EPA reported that methanol poisoning may theoretically occur in children following an ingestion of methyl acetate-containing nail polish remover (European Commission, 2003). However, methanol toxicity has not been reported in children with inadvertent/exploratory ingestions of methyl acetate containing nail polish removers, or in the few adult cases of deliberate ingestion that have been published (Minns et al, 2013).

One retrospective study evaluated 83 cases of exposure to these methyl acetate-containing nail polish removers; 75 patients were 5 years and younger; 4 children were 6 years and older; 4 patients were adults. In most cases, the amount of nail polish remover ingested was unknown, and only 11 (13%) patients ingested more than a mouthful. Four adults ingested "a mouthful" to 150 mL of non-acetone nail polish removers. Overall, 75% (n=62) of patients were referred to a healthcare facility; 75% did not develop any effects. Minor effects developed in 25% of cases and these effects included vomiting (n=12; 14%), throat/oral irritation (n=5; 6%), drowsiness (n=1; 1.2%), abdominal pain (n=1; 1.2%), and ataxia (n=1; 1.2%). A 2-year-old boy developed mild metabolic acidosis (serum bicarbonate 17 mmol/L and anion gap 16) after ingesting about 12 mL of Fung-off No Lift fungal liquid for nails. Acidosis resolved spontaneously and no other effects were reported. Two adults and an adolescent ingested 150 mL, half a bottle, and 80 mL, respectively, one developed only minor throat irritation and the other two remained asymptomatic(Minns et al, 2013).

ANIMAL DATA

CAT: Cats exposed to 5000 ppm methyl acetate experienced ocular irritation and salivation within 20 minutes; after inhaling 18,500 ppm, the cats developed dyspnea, convulsions, and narcosis with slow recovery (ACGIH, 1991).
CAT: Repeated inhalation exposures of cats to methyl acetate at 6600 ppm for 8 days resulted in weight loss, weakness, hematologic changes, and pulmonary irritation. Some deaths were also reported (ACGIH, 1991).
CAT: After 20 minutes of inhalation exposure at 5000 ppm, eye irritation and salivation were reported in cats (Bingham et al, 2001).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS79-20-9 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Methyl acetate
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Methyl acetate
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Methyl acetate
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS79-20-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- 41,580 ppm for 23-35 minutes -- caused irritation, dyspnea, and convulsions (Bingham et al, 2001)
- 26,400 ppm for 31-42 minutes -- caused moderate eye irritation and narcosis (Bingham et al, 2001)
LCLo- (INHALATION)CAT:
- 67 mg/m(3) for 56M (ITI, 1995a)
- 67 g/m(3) for 1H -- caused lacrimation; affected seizure threshold and salivary glands (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
LCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- 80 mg/m(3) for 31M (ITI, 1995a)
- 34 g/m(3) for 4H -- caused general anesthetia (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- 32,000 ppm for 4H (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- >20 mL/kg (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
LD50- (INTRADUODENAL)RABBIT:
- 3700 mg/kg (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- 3705 mg/kg (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- >5 g/kg (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- >5 g/kg (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
- 6970 mg/kg for 14D (OHM/TADS , 2002)
LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)CAT:
- 3.0 g/kg (Bingham et al, 2001)
LDLo- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- 3.0 g/kg (Bingham et al, 2001)
LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)GUINEA_PIG:
- 3 g/kg (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
LDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- 4800 mg/kg (ITI, 1995a)
LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- 8 g/kg (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
TCLo- (INHALATION)DOG:
- 28 g/m(3) for 40M/4W-intermittent -- caused ataxia, respiratory stimulation, and decrease in body temperature (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)
TCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
- 15,000 mg/m(3) -- caused lacrimation; affected respiratory system (RTECS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; ITI, 1995a)

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 3.02 mg/m(3) (Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), 2005; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2011; HSDB , 2002)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS79-20-9 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Methyl acetate

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 200 ppm
TLV-STEL: 250 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Headache; eye and URT irr; ocular nerve dam
Molecular Weight: 74.08

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

Under Study

Methyl acetate

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s):
Molecular Weight:

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS79-20-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS79-20-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Methyl acetate
REL:

TWA: 200 ppm (610 mg/m(3))
STEL: 250 ppm (760 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 3100 ppm
Note(s): [10%LEL]

[10%LEL]: The 10%LEL designation is provided where the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. This is used for safety purposes in some cases even though toxicity is not indicative of irreversible health effects or impairment of escape exists only at higher concentrations.

OSHA PEL Values for CAS79-20-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Methyl acetate
Table Z-1 for Methyl acetate:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 200

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 610

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS79-20-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS79-20-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS79-20-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS79-20-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS79-20-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS79-20-9 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS79-20-9 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS79-20-9 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Acetic acid, methyl ester

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1231 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Methyl acetate

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1231
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: IB2, T4, TP1

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1231 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Methyl acetate
UN Number: 1231

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS79-20-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Methyl Acetate
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 2

(2) Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Methyl acetate attacks some plastics; therefore such materials should be avoided in the handling or storage of methyl acetate (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

HANDLING

Use only non-sparking tools and equipment when opening and closing containers of methyl acetate (Sittig, 1991).

Keep sources of ignition away when using or handling methyl acetate since it is a flammable (Sittig, 1991).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Containers of methyl acetate should have pressure-vacuum venting (CHRIS , 2002).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

It is a flammable liquid and should be stored away from sources of ignition (Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

It should be stored to avoid contact with nitrates; strong alkalies; strong oxidizers such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine; and strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid (Sittig, 1991).
It should be stored to avoid moisture and water since it mixes with water, producing flammable and irritating vapor (CHRIS , 2002). In addition, it attacks many metals in the presence of water (ILO , 1998).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

At high concentration, it is moderately toxic by several routes and may cause mild to severe methanol intoxication from ingestion, inhalation, or possibly even skin contact (Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 2000). At low concentration, methyl acetate causes temporary effects from inhalation and skin contact if immediate attention is not given (CHRIS , 2002).

Leave the contaminated work area immediately for fresh air if inhalation exposure is suspected (CHRIS , 2002). Wash skin immediately if contaminated, and remove work clothing immediately due to the flammability hazard (HSDB , 2002).
Segregate contaminated protective clothing to avoid direct contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing (HSDB , 2002).

Workers "with chronic respiratory, skin, liver, or kidney disease may be at increased risk from methyl acetate" (HSDB , 2002).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Splash-proof face shield or goggles should be worn when working with methyl acetate since it is a moderate skin and eye irritant and blindness caused by eye contact has been reported. It is also volatile, and the vapor is mildly irritating to the eyes (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991).

Do not wear contact lenses while working with this compound (HSDB , 2002)

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

Proper respiratory protection should be worn; methyl acetate is volatile and the vapor is mildly irritating to the respiratory system (Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 2000).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 79-20-9.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

National Safety Wear

Nation splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natprene splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Nattuf splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neosafe II splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neosafe I splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neosafe V

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neosafe VI

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Premier, Magnaprene

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Neoprene+Latex

Neese Industries, Inc.

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)

Neoprene+PVC

National Safety Wear

Natchem Splash Suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Paracril+PVC

National Safety Wear

Natweb splash suits

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natwork splash suits

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Polyurethane

National Safety Wear

Natflex splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natsoft splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neese Industries, Inc.

Polyurethane splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Iron Eagle, Eagle

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

National Safety Wear

Natcide splash suit

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natcon splash suit

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natlite II splash suit

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natlite I splash suit

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natpro splash suit

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neese Industries, Inc.

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

American, Scrim, DuraScrim, PVC Polyester, Double-Ply PVC, PVC Film

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Webdri, Safetyflex, Electra, ElectraBrite

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Teflon Laminate

Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc.

Commander Ultrapro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Natural Rubber

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Molded Overshoes, Hand-Made Footwear

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Neoprene

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

North -- Safety 4H

Neoprene series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Servus (Norcross Safety Products)

Neoprene III

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Servus, 1995)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Molded Overshoes, Hand-Made Footwear

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Nitrile+PVC

Onguard Industries

Heartland

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Polyurethane+PVC

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Onguard Industries

Polyblend

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Superpoly

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Polyurethane Blend

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Polyvinyl Chloride

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

North -- Safety 4H

PVC Series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Servus (Norcross Safety Products)

Supreme

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Servus, 1995)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Two Stage Injection Molded, Better Grade, General Purpose, Workbrutes

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Two Stage Injection Molded, Premier

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Rubber

North -- Safety 4H

Rubber Series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Rubber blend

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Onguard Industries

Bluemax

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Polymax

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Standard

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Servus (Norcross Safety Products)

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Servus, 1995)

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 159
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Butyl/Neoprene

Comasec Safety, Inc

Butyl+Plus

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Latex

Memphis Glove Company

5290 Series Flock-Lined Latex

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Natural Rubber

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 34
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 17
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 26
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 79
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Flexigum

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): non measured
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 723

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 19
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 41
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 9
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 256
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene 6780 Series

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 32
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 19
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 116
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultraflex Neoprene 32

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 119
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 17
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 35
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Memphis Glove Company

5410S Series Flock-Lined Neoprene

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

6912 Neomax Neoprene

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Neoprene+NatR

Best Manufacturing

Chem Master CHM

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 17
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 35
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 119
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitrile

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 8005

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 3
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 132
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 3
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 122
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitri-Solve 727

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 17
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 145
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 2
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 307
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 3
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 132
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 3
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 122
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): None Detected
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 83
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Comatril

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): non measured
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Flexiproof

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): non measured
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Memphis Glove Company

5320 Series Flock-Lined Nitrile

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

9750 Series Predator Nitrile

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Nitrile+PVC

Best Manufacturing

Hustler 725R

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 8
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 317
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 19
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 117
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Comasec Safety, Inc

Comastar

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): non measured
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Normal

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 10
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Memphis Glove Company

6400 Actifresh Green PVC

Degradation Rating: 0 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 8
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Polyvinyl Chloride/Nitrile

Comasec Safety, Inc

Multi+plus

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 10
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
Boss Manufacturing Company 221 W. First Street Kewanee, IL 61443 USA Phone: (309) 852-2131 Fax: (309) 852-0848 Toll-Free: (800) 447-4581 Website: http://www.bossgloves.com Email: custserv@bossgloves.com
Comasec Safety, Inc 8 Niblick Road Box 1219 Enfield, CT 06083-1219 USA Phone: (860) 741-2207 Fax: (860) 741-0881 Toll-Free: (800) 333-0219 Website: http://www.comasecsafety.com Email: info@comasecsafety.com
LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products 18550 NE Riverside Parkway Portland, OR 97230 USA Phone: (800) 557-7246 Fax: (800) 558-0188 Toll-Free: (800) 557-7246 Website: http://www.lacrosserainfair.com Email: info@lacrossesafety.com
Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc. P. O. Box P.O. Box 278 McBee, SC 29101 USA Phone: (843) 335-8211 Fax: (843) 355-8599 Toll-Free: (843) 335-8211 Website: http://www.marmac.com Email: info@marmac.com
Memphis Glove Company 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (901) 795-0672 Fax: (901) 794-7622 Toll-Free: (800) 955-6887 Website: http://www.memphisglove.com
National Safety Wear 9 High Street Miora, NY 12957 USA Phone: (800) 833-7270 Fax: (518) 529-7401 Toll-Free: (800) 833-7270 Website: http://www.natwear.com Email: sales@natwear.com
Neese Industries, Inc. 10646 Airline Hwy Gonzales, LA 70737 USA Phone: (225) 647-6553 Fax: (225) 644-3517 Toll-Free: (800) 535-8042 Website: http://www.neeseind.com Email: customerservice@neeseind.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
Onguard Industries 1850 Clark Road Havre de Grace, MD 21078 USA Phone: (410) 272-2000 Fax: (800) 304-2282 Toll-Free: (800) 365-2282 Website: http://www.onguardindustries.com Email: support@onguardindustries.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com
Servus (Norcross Safety Products) 1136 Second St Rock Island, IL 61202 USA Phone: (800) 777-9021 Fax: (800) 267-6809 Toll-Free: (800) 777-9021 Website: http://www.servusproducts.com Email: info@nspusa.com
Tingley Rubber Corporation One Cragwood Road PO Box 100 South Plainfield, NJ 07080 USA Phone: (800) 631-5498 Fax: (866) 757-9239 Toll-Free: (800) 631-5498 Website: http://www.tingleyrubber.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
When exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizing materials, methyl acetate presents a dangerous fire hazard (Lewis, 2000).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS79-20-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Methyl Acetate
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS79-20-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Methyl Acetate
Extinguishing Method(s): 1, 5

1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.
5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Methyl acetate emits acrid smoke and fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000)

EXPLOSION HAZARD

When exposed to heat or flame, methyl acetate presents a dangerous fire hazard (Lewis, 2000).

Vapor of methyl acetate when enclosed or trapped may explode if ignited (CHRIS , 2002).

It is volatile, and the vapor may form explosive mixture with air at normal temperatures (ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

"When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and fumes" (Lewis, 2000).

It mixes with water producing flammable and irritating vapor (CHRIS , 2002).

It is volatile. The vapor is mildly irritating to the respiratory system. The vapor is also heavier than air and may travel along the ground. Flashback fire may occur along vapor trail. Oxygen deficiency may result if vapors accumulate in low ceiling spaces. Vapor of methyl acetate when enclosed or trapped may explode if ignited. The vapor may form explosive mixture with air at normal temperatures (Bingham et al, 2001; CHRIS , 2002; ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000).

Static electrical charges may accumulate and cause ignition of vapor (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Methyl acetate attacks some plastics (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Methyl acetate is incompatible with strong acids and nitrates (Pohanish & Greene, 1997). It decomposed violently upon heating under influence of air, bases, strong oxidants, water, and UV-light (ILO , 1998; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

It mixes with water producing flammable and irritating vapors (CHRIS , 2002). It attacks many metals in the presence of water (ILO , 1998).

It is volatile, and the vapor may form explosive mixture with air at normal temperatures (ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS79-20-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS79-20-9 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS79-20-9 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS79-20-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 3100 ppm
Note(s): [10%LEL]

([10%LEL]) The 10%LEL designation is provided where the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. This is used for safety purposes in some cases even though toxicity is not indicative of irreversible health effects or impairment of escape exists only at higher concentrations.

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Small quantities of methyl acetate can be absorbed on paper towels and allowed to evaporate in a fume hood. The paper towels can then be burned in suitable location away from combustible materials (HSDB , 2002).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
In case of a larger spill, keep sources of ignition away; keep out of water sources and sewers; protect water intakes; contain flow of methyl acetate; dilute standing pools with water spray; stop leak if it can be done without personnel hazard; keep upwind to avoid breathing methyl acetate vapors; disperse vapors with water spray; and collect and atomize in suitable combustion chamber (AAR, 2000; (CHRIS , 2002; HSDB , 2002).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

"Excess methyl acetate in waste gases can be removed by catalytic oxidation" (HSDB , 2002).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Large quantities of methyl acetate can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber (HSDB , 2002).
Small quantities of methyl acetate can be absorbed on paper towels and allowed to evaporate in a fume hood. The paper towels can then be burned in suitable location away from combustible materials (HSDB , 2002).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Methyl acetate, which is used as a solvent, may be released in fugitive emissions during its manufacture, formulation, or use in commercial products (HSDB , 2002).

Methyl acetate is also a naturally occurring compound and may be released to the environment. Natural sources include mint, fungus, grapes, bananas, coffee, and nectarines (Bingham et al, 2001).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

If released to the ambient atmosphere, it will exist solely as a vapor. It is expected to undergo degradation by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. In addition, it may be removed from the atmosphere by wet deposition (HSDB , 2002).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- If released to water, methyl acetate is expected to rapidly volatilize to the atmosphere. Limited data suggest that methyl acetate will biodegrade in water under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Hydrolysis of methyl acetate in aquatic systems is not expected to be a significant process except under basic conditions of pH greater than 9 (HSDB , 2002).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- If released to soil, methyl acetate will display very high mobility with the potential to leach into groundwater. Rapid volatilization is expected to occur from both moist and dry soils. Limited data suggest that methyl acetate will biodegrade in soil under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Hydrolysis of methyl acetate in soil is not expected to be a significant process, except in highly basic soils with a pH greater than 9 (HSDB , 2002).

OTHER

OTHER
- For the vapor-phase reaction of methyl acetate with an atmospheric concentration of 5X10(5) hydroxyl radicals per cubic centimeter: the half-life is estimated to be 47 to 94 days, the rate constant is measured as 1.7X10(-13) cm(3)/molecule-sec to 3.41X10(-13) cm(3)/molecule-sec, and the removal rate is 0.06 percent per hour (HSDB , 2002).
- The half-life of methyl acetate for volatilization from a model river is 9 hours, and from a model pond is 5 days (HSDB , 2002).
- A second order rate constant for the basic hydrolysis of methyl acetate in water at 25 degrees C is 0.147 L/mole-sec to 0.182 L/mole-sec. This corresponds with a half-life of 44 days to 54 days at pH 8 and 4.4 days to 5.4 days at pH 9 (HSDB , 2002).

BIODEGRADATION

It is subjected to some biodegradation (OHM/TADS , 2002). Biodegradation can happen in both soil and water under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (HSDB , 2002).

"Pure cultures of Alcaligenes faecalis, isolated from activated sludge, were fournd to oxidize methyl acetate after a short lag period" (HSDB , 2002).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

Potential for methyl acetate to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms is low (HSDB , 2002).

PLANTS

AQUATIC
- Potential for methyl acetate to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms is low (HSDB , 2002).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

0.8 (estimated) (HSDB , 2002)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES

EC50 - FATHEAD MINNOW (Pimephales promelas): 320 mg/L for 96H -- hemorrhaging occurred along the flesh line above swim bladder in stressed and dead fish; affected fish lost equilibrium prior to death; conditions of bioassay not specified. (HSDB , 2002)
EC50 - FATHEAD MINNOW (Pimephales promelas): 399 mg/L for 96H -- affected fish lost schooling behavior, swam near the surface, and had increased respiration; conditions of bioassay not specified. (HSDB , 2002)
LC50 - FATHEAD MINNOW (Pimephales promelas): 320 mg/L for 96 H -- conditions of bioassay not specified (HSDB , 2002)
LC50 - FATHEAD MINNOW (Pimephales promelas): 399 mg/L for 96 H -- conditions of bioassay not specified (HSDB , 2002)
TLm - (WATER) AQUATIC SPECIES: 1000-100 ppm for 96 H (Bingham et al, 2001)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

74.08

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Methyl acetate is a colorless volatile liquid that is lighter than water (AAR, 2000; (Lewis, 2000). It has a mild sweet, fragrant, fruity , and pleasing odor and a fleeting, fruity taste (HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 1998).

VAPOR PRESSURE

1 mmHg (at -57.2 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

10 mmHg (at -29.3 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

40 mmHg (at -7.9 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

100 mmHg (at 9.4 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000)

173 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; OHM/TADS , 2002)

200 mmHg (at 24 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2002)

216.2 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1993; HSDB , 2002)

400 mmHg (at 40.0 degrees C) (HSDB, 1995)

21.7 kPa (ILO , 1998)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
0.9279 degrees C (at 25/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.9342 degrees C (at 20/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.9330 (ILO , 1998)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
0.93 kg/L (Ashford, 1994)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.92438 kg/L (Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-98.05 degrees C (Lewis, 1997)
-98.5 degrees C; -145.3 degrees F; 174.7 K (CHRIS , 2002)

MELTING POINT

-98.1 degrees C (Howard, 1993a)
-98.7 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)

BOILING POINT

54.05 degrees C (Lewis, 1997)

56.9 degrees C; 134.6 degrees F; 330.2 K (at 1 atm) (ACGIH, 1991; CHRIS , 2002)

57.3 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2002)

57.8 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)

60 degrees C; 140 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)

FLASH POINT

-16 degrees C (ITI, 1995)

-10 degrees C; 14 degrees F (closed cup) (AAR, 2000; (ACGIH, 1991)

-9.4 degrees C; 15 degrees F (Lewis, 1997)

-5.6 degrees C; 22 degrees F (open cup) (ACGIH, 1991; CHRIS , 2002)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

502 degrees C; 935 degrees F (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997)

454 degrees C; 850 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

3.1% (ACGIH, 1991)

UPPER

16% (ACGIH, 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Moderately soluble (Lewis, 2000).
Mixes with water producing flammable and irritating vapor (CHRIS , 2002)
24.5% (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)
2.435X10(5) mg/L (at 20 degrees C) (Howard, 1993)
330,000 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2002)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is miscible in alcohol and ether (Lewis, 2000).
It is solubile in benzene, acetone, and chloroform (HSDB , 2002).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

0.18 (Howard, 1993)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.15x10(-4) atm-m(3)/mole (at 20 degrees C) (Howard, 1993)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

2228 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

7-11 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillip et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2002)

MASS

81 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Dta, John Wiley & Sons, New York ) (HSDB , 2002)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SURFACE TENSION

24 dynes/cm; 0.024 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)
24 dynes/cm; 0.024 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (CHRIS , 2002)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

666 psia; 45.3 atm; 4.60 MN/m(2) (CHRIS , 2002)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

233.7 degrees C; 452.7 degrees F; 506.9 K (CHRIS , 2002)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

9260 Btu/lb; 5150 cal/g; 2.15X10(7) J/KG (CHRIS , 2002)

LIQUID WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION

30 dynes/cm; 0.030 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (CHIRS, 2002)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

10261 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

VISCOSITY

0.484 cp (at 0 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)
0.381 cp (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)
0.320 cp (at 40 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

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METHYL ACETATE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents