METHOMYL

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C5-H10-N2-O2-S

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(RTECS , 1990; EPA, 1985)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Methomyl is a typical cholinesterase inhibitor and is used as an insecticide and nematocide on food crops, tobacco, and cotton (EPA, 1985; Lewis, 1993).

FORMS

Methomyl is a carbamate compound. It occurs as a colorless or white crystalline solid with a slightly sulfurous odor (HSDB , 1996; ACGIH, 1992).
Methanol is used as a solvent in many methomyl pesticide products (Gil et al, 2012). Please refer to "METHANOL" document for information on methanol toxicity.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide. Poisoning occasionally occurs from ingestion of contaminated crops or food.

TOXICOLOGY: Carbamates competitively inhibit pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase, preventing hydrolysis and inactivation of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine accumulates at nerve junctions, causing malfunction of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and peripheral nervous systems and some of the CNS. Clinical signs of cholinergic excess develop.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure is common, but serious toxicity is unusual in the US. Common source of severe poisoning in developing countries. Toxicity is generally less severe than with organophosphates.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE POISONING: MUSCARINIC EFFECTS: Can include bradycardia, salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, urination, and miosis. NICOTINIC EFFECTS: Tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, and muscle cramps.
SEVERE POISONING: MUSCARINIC EFFECTS: Bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, and acute lung injury. NICOTINIC EFFECTS: Muscle fasciculations, weakness, and respiratory failure. CENTRAL EFFECTS: CNS depression, agitation, confusion, delirium, coma, and seizures. Hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, pancreatitis, and hyperglycemia can also develop.
CHILDREN: May have different predominant signs and symptoms than adults (more likely CNS depression, stupor, coma, flaccidity, dyspnea, and seizures). Children may also have fewer muscarinic and nicotinic signs of intoxication (ie, secretions, bradycardia, fasciculations and miosis) as compared to adults.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Vapors rapidly produce mucous membrane and upper airway irritation and bronchospasm, followed by systemic muscarinic, nicotinic and central effects if exposed to significant concentrations.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

SUMMARY

TOXICOLOGY: Carbamates competitively inhibit pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase, preventing hydrolysis and inactivation of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine accumulates at nerve junctions, causing malfunction of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and peripheral nervous systems and some of the CNS. Clinical signs of cholinergic excess develop.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure is common, but serious toxicity is unusual in the US. Common source of severe poisoning in developing countries. Toxicity is generally less severe than with organophosphates.
EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE POISONING: MUSCARINIC EFFECTS: Can include bradycardia, salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, urination, and miosis. NICOTINIC EFFECTS: Tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, and muscle cramps.
SEVERE POISONING: MUSCARINIC EFFECTS: Bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, and acute lung injury. NICOTINIC EFFECTS: Muscle fasciculations, weakness, and respiratory failure. CENTRAL EFFECTS: CNS depression, agitation, confusion, delirium, coma, and seizures. Hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, pancreatitis, and hyperglycemia can also develop.
CHILDREN: May have different predominant signs and symptoms than adults (more likely CNS depression, stupor, coma, flaccidity, dyspnea, and seizures). Children may also have fewer muscarinic and nicotinic signs of intoxication (ie, secretions, bradycardia, fasciculations and miosis) as compared to adults.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Vapors rapidly produce mucous membrane and upper airway irritation and bronchospasm, followed by systemic muscarinic, nicotinic and central effects if exposed to significant concentrations.

ACID BASE

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS, CASE REPORT: Metabolic acidosis (pH 7.25; bicarbonate 17) developed in a 25-year-old man who also experienced abdominal pain, coma, renal dysfunction, and fulminant hepatic failure after ingesting a half cup of a liquid containing 90% methomyl. Despite supportive care, he died 14 days after admission (Agha et al, 2009).

CARDIOVASCULAR

ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old man presented with nausea and vomiting after exposure to methomyl dust. Cardiac examination showed an irregular heart rate, and ECG revealed atrial fibrillation with normal ventricular response. Following supportive care, his heart rhythm spontaneously returned to sinus rhythm 24 hours post-admission. He was discharged home without further sequela (Topacoglu et al, 2007).
BRADYCARDIA: Muscarinic effects may commonly include bradycardia (Kudo et al, 2005; Park et al, 2000; Morgan, 1993).
TACHYCARDIA: Nicotinic effects may include sinus tachycardia (Tracqui et al, 2001; Aaron & Howland, 1998).
CONDUCTION DISORDER: T-wave changes including inversion were reported in a study of 22 spraymen with a 5-day exposure to methomyl (Saiyed et al, 1992).
HYPOTENSION: Hypotension has been reported following carbamate insecticide poisoning due to weakened cardiac contractility (Park et al, 2000).
ABNORMAL ECG: Sinus tachycardia with ST segment depression may occur early in the course of poisoning. Repolarization abnormalities may occur and are generally transient (Tracqui et al, 2001).
HYPERTENSION: Nicotinic effects may include hypertension (Tracqui et al, 2001; Aaron & Howland, 1998).

DERMATOLOGIC

DIAPHORESIS: Diaphoresis may commonly develop as a muscarinic effect (Waseem et al, 2010; Kudo et al, 2005; Park et al, 2000; Burgess et al, 1994; Morgan, 1993).

FLUID ELECTROLYTE

HYPOKALEMIA: In a study of patients (n=84) with either carbamate insecticide or organophosphate acute poisoning, it was found that 52% developed hypokalemia (less than 3.5 mmol/L) (Saadeh, 2001).

GASTROINTESTINAL

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and spontaneous defecation may occur (Agha et al, 2009; Topacoglu et al, 2007; Kudo et al, 2005). Nausea and vomiting were some of the most frequently reported symptoms in persons occupationally exposed to methomyl (Morse et al, 1979; South Dakota, 1971).
SALIVATION: Salivation may occur as a cholinergic crisis effect following intentional ingestions (Waseem et al, 2010; Park et al, 2000; Flesch et al, 1999).
PANCREATITIS: In a prospective case study of 17 children with documented organophosphate or carbamate insecticide poisoning, 5 were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. All of the 5 had significantly elevated serum levels of immunoreactive trypsin and 4 had a significant increase in serum amylase levels. Clinical manifestations were mild. One case was a documented carbamate poisoning (Weizman & Sofer, 1992).

GENITOURINARY

URINARY INCONTINENCE: Urinary incontinence has been reported following methomyl poisoning (Kudo et al, 2005).

Urinary incontinence was seen in 7% of children (n= 54) admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit following severe anticholinesterase (carbamate and organophosphate) insecticide poisoning (Verhulst et al, 2002a).

ABNORMAL RENAL FUNCTION TESTS: Renal biochemical abnormalities in a study of patients (n=84) following acute poisoning with carbamate insecticides or organophosphates included azotemia (BUN greater than 6.7 mmol/L) (21%), hematuria (17%), glycosuria (15%) and proteinuria (5%) (Saadeh, 2001).

HEENT

MIOSIS: Miosis (pinpoint pupils) and blurred vision may be seen following exposure (ACGIH, 1991; Kudo et al, 2005). Miosis, a muscarinic effect, is characteristic of severe and moderately severe poisonings, but may appear late (Waseem et al, 2010; Hoffmann et al, 2008; Tsatsakis et al, 2001; Tracqui et al, 2001; Park et al, 2000; Flesch et al, 1999; Covaci et al, 1999).

INCIDENCE: Miosis was the most common symptom seen (57%) in a retrospective observational study of 54 children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit following anticholinesterase (carbamate and organophosphate) poisoning (Verhulst et al, 2002a).

MYDRIASIS: Pupil dilation may occur as a nicotinic effect and may be present in up to 10% of patients (Aaron & Howland, 1998).
LACRIMATION: Signs of acute toxicity may include lacrimation (Hayes, 1982).
EXCESSIVE SALIVATION: Excessive salivation may occur (Hathaway et al, 1996; ACGIH, 1991).

HEMATOLOGIC

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION: Methomyl reversibly inhibits serum pseudocholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. In one case of exposure, up to 50% of the inhibition was seen within 40 minutes of exposure (Simpson & Bermingham, 1977). Recovery from methomyl inhibition is especially rapid, and in one case, recovery was essentially complete within 36 to 48 hours (Simpson & Bermingham, 1977).
COAGULOPATHY: Disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by another carbamate, propoxur, has been reported (Misra et al, 1987).

HEPATIC

HEPATIC FAILURE, CASE REPORT: Fulminant hepatic failure developed in a 25-year-old man who also experienced abdominal pain, coma, metabolic acidosis, and renal dysfunction after ingesting a half cup of a liquid containing 90% methomyl. Despite supportive care, including veno-venous hemofiltration, multiple fresh frozen plasma and albumin infusions, he died 14 days after admission (Agha et al, 2009).
HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA: In a case series of 49 carbamate insecticide poisonings, 9 patients (11%) developed elevated serum bilirubin concentrations. Mean total serum bilirubin was reported to be 69.05 micromols/liter, while the mean indirect serum bilirubin concentration was 45.2 micromols/liter (Saadeh, 2001).

METABOLIC

ENZYME INHIBITION: Methylcarbamates such as methomyl may inhibit a number of enzymes besides cholinesterases. Enzymes which have been inhibited by other methylcarbamates include alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, arginase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD), transaminase, and phosphofructokinase (Finkel, 1983).

MUSCULOSKELETAL

MUSCLE FASCICULATIONS: Fasciculations, muscle weakness, involuntary twitching, and tremor are nicotinic effects that may occur following methomyl exposure (Hathaway et al, 1996) (ACGIH, 1991).
MUSCLE WEAKNESS, CHRONIC EXPOSURE: Muscle weakness and fatigue were reported in persons occupationally exposed to methomyl (Morse et al, 1979).

NEUROLOGIC

Headache, blurred vision, miosis, tremor, paresis, and muscle twitching may be noted. Severe headache was the primary symptom in one case of acute methomyl poisoning (Smith, 1977).
SEIZURE: In severe poisoning, respiratory depression and convulsions may occur (Hathaway et al, 1996). Seizure may occur following carbamate exposure, and children may be more susceptible to seizures than adults. In one series, 2 children poisoned by carbamates had seizures (Zweiner & Ginsburg, 1988).
COMA: Unconsciousness and coma may occur in severe poisoning (Agha et al, 2009; Hathaway et al, 1996a). In one case series, 8 of 8 children with carbamate poisoning developed severe CNS depression with stupor and coma (Sofer et al, 1989).
TREMOR: Tremor, paresis, and muscle twitching may be noted (Morgan, 1993).
SEIZURES: In severe poisoning convulsions may occur. Children may be more susceptible to seizures than adults; in one series 2 children poisoned by carbamates had seizures (Zweiner & Ginsburg, 1988). In another series, 8 of 8 children with carbamate poisoning developed severe CNS depression with stupor and coma (Sofer et al, 1989).

CASE SERIES: In a pediatric series of 54 anticholinesterase (carbamate and organophosphate) poisonings, 30% developed seizures (Verhulst et al, 2002).

PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY: NEUROPATHY: CASE REPORT: Delayed axonal peripheral neuropathy, similar to that seen with organophosphates, has been described in one patient who ingested 500 mg/kg of carbaryl (Dickoff et al, 1987).
MUSCLE WEAKNESS: Protracted malaise and weakness may occur after apparent recovery from carbamate poisoning (Garber, 1987).
MUSCLE FASCICULATIONS: Muscle fasciculations may develop as a nicotinic effect (Waseem et al, 2010; Hoffmann et al, 2008; Ragoucy-Sengler et al, 2000; Flesch et al, 1999; Burgess et al, 1994; Ekins & Geller, 1994).
HYPOTONIA: Hypotonia is a common nicotinic effect of carbamate insecticide poisoning (Ragoucy-Sengler et al, 2000; Tsatsakis et al, 2001).
FATIGUE: Protracted malaise and weakness may occur after apparent recovery from carbamate poisoning (Garber, 1987).

PSYCHIATRIC

MEMORY LOSS, CASE REPORT: A patient who had long-term excessive exposure to carbaryl developed a progressive debilitating syndrome, including headaches, memory loss, proximal muscle weakness, muscle fasciculations, muscle cramps, and anorexia with marked weight loss (Branch & Jacqz, 1986).

RESPIRATORY

DYSPNEA: Dyspnea is a common manifestation of carbamate insecticide exposure (Uludag et al, 2001; Ragoucy-Sengler et al, 2000). Chest tightness, bronchospasm, increased pulmonary secretions, and rales may develop secondary to muscarinic effects (Markowitz, 1992).
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION: Respiratory depression and rales may be noted. Dyspnea was reported in 7 of 8 children with carbamate poisoning (Sofer et al, 1989). Usual cause of death is respiratory failure as a result of respiratory muscle weakness and central depression of the respiratory drive (Aaron & Howland, 1998; Park et al, 2000).
BRONCHOSPASM: Bronchospasm and chest tightness may occur (Morgan, 1993).
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Acute lung injury (pulmonary edema) is a potential clinical manifestation of severe carbamate poisoning and is attributed to the muscarinic action of the insecticide. Contributing factors to the development of pulmonary edema include bradycardia and weakened cardiac contraction from an accumulation of acetylcholine on the cardiovascular system. Hypoxia may develop due to increasing capillary permeability (Park et al, 2000; Tsatsakis et al, 2001).
LARYNGEAL IRRITATION: Laryngeal irritation, violent coughing, and tachypnea occur frequently following inhalation of carbamate dusting powders and may not necessarily be associated with systemic signs and symptoms of carbamate poisoning (Alcorn & Hughes, 1980).
ASPIRATION PNEUMONITIS: Aspiration pneumonitis may occur after ingestion of carbamates in hydrocarbon vehicles. A complication of prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation following pulmonary effects of poisoning is aspiration pneumonia (Aaron & Howland, 1998).

VITAL SIGNS

TACHYPNEA: Tachypnea may occur following inhalation of carbamate dusting powders, but is not necessarily related to severity of ensuing symptoms (Alcorn & Hughes, 1980).
HYPOTHERMIA: In a pediatric case series (n=54) of anticholinesterase (carbamate and organophosphate) poisonings, hypothermia was reported in 7% and hyperthermia was reported in 6% of the children (Verhulst et al, 2002).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Because it is rapidly metabolized to inactive products, methomyl might be predicted NOT to have cumulative toxicity with repeated exposures (ACGIH, 1992). Methomyl was less toxic following chronic exposure than with acute exposure in rats. No cumulative toxicity was seen with oral dosing in rats or dermal application in rabbits (Kaplan & Sherman, 1977).

Occupational exposure to methomyl can produce clinical signs and symptoms in the absence of cholinesterase depression (Morse et al, 1979; South Dakota, 1971).

Clinical symptoms which have been produced from occupational exposure to methomyl include, miosis, blurred vision, increased salivation, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and muscle weakness (Morse et al, 1979; South Dakota, 1971).

Neurological effects have been reported with long-term exposure to carbaryl, a related compound. One patient developed a progressive debilitating syndrome, including headaches, memory loss, proximal muscle weakness, muscle fasciculations, muscle cramps, and anorexia with marked weight loss (Branch & Jacqz, 1986). These effects are similar to those seen with organophosphate exposure, but have not been reported in methomyl exposures. Methomyl did not cause delayed neurotoxicity at a dose of 200 mg/kg in the standard atropinized hen assay (EPA, 1990).

There was no cumulative toxicity when methomyl was administered to rats at an oral dose of 5.1 mg/kg/day over 14 days (ACGIH, 1992). No cumulative development of symptoms or cumulative inhibition of cholinesterase were seen in rats given methomyl at 9.9 mg/m(3) or 14.8 mg/m(3) for up to 3 months (Tanaka et al, 1987).

No effects were seen at doses up to 250 ppm of methomyl in a 90-day feeding study in rats, but 200 and 400 ppm produced lower hemoglobin levels in females after 22 months (Kaplan & Sherman, 1977). No effects were seen in dogs given up to 400 ppm of methomyl in the diet for 2 years (Kaplan & Sherman, 1977).

Two cases of contact sensitivity to methomyl have been reported in female nursery workers (Bruynzeel, 1991). Methomyl was not a sensitizer in guinea pigs (ACGIH, 1992).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

PREHOSPITAL: Activated charcoal is contraindicated because of possible respiratory depression, seizures, and risk of aspiration. Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water. Universal precautions and nitrile gloves to protect personnel. Vomiting should be contained and treated as hazardous material. Rescue personnel should avoid dermal exposure to vomiting because of the risk of intoxication.

ANTIDOTE: There are two primary classes of antidotes: ATROPINE (muscarinic antagonist); OXIMES (pralidoxime in the US, or obidoxime in some other countries) to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Use of oximes is generally indicated for patients with severe toxicity and are used in conjunction with atropine.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

PREHOSPITAL DECONTAMINATION/NOT RECOMMENDED

Activated charcoal is contraindicated because of possible respiratory depression, seizures, and risk of aspiration.

PERSONNEL PROTECTION

Universal precaution should be followed by all individuals (i.e., first responders, emergency medical, and emergency department personnel) caring for the patient to avoid contamination. Nitrile gloves are suggested. Avoid direct contact with contaminated clothing, objects or body fluids.
Vomiting containing carbamates should be placed in a closed impervious containers for proper disposal.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin with soap and water.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

ANTIDOTE: There are two primary classes of antidotes: ATROPINE (muscarinic antagonist); OXIMES (pralidoxime in the US, or obidoxime in some other countries) to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Use of oximes is generally indicated for patients with severe toxicity and are used in conjunction with atropine.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

The actual lethal dose of a carbamate can vary widely and depends strongly on the route and rate of exposure and on the aggressiveness of the treatment used.

Methomyl is considered one of the more toxic carbamates, with a rat LD50 of less than 50 mg/kg (Reigart & Roberts, 1999); however serious toxicity has not been reported after inadvertent exposure to commercial formulations.

Ingestion of contaminated food resulted in three fatalities; the estimated lethal dose from this incident was 12 to 15 mg/kg (Liddle et al, 1979).

Fatality resulted following inhalation and transdermal absorption of methomyl in a farmer who used this product with no self-protection. Blood concentration of methomyl on admission (prior to death) was 1.6 mg/dL (Tsatsakis et al, 2001).

CASE REPORT: Fulminant hepatic failure developed in a 25-year-old man who also experienced abdominal pain, coma, metabolic acidosis, and renal dysfunction after ingesting a half a cup of a liquid containing 90% methomyl. Despite supportive care, including veno-venal hemodialysis, multiple fresh frozen plasma, and albumin infusions, he died 14 days after admission (Agha et al, 2009).

CASE STUDY: Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity was measured in 105 healthy Thai children. The mean was 7,417 +/- 1,620 units/L. This was compared to the ChE activities (470 and 680 units/L) of two children intentionally poisoned with methomyl. The authors concluded that as little as a 10% decrease in plasma ChE levels in children may be a lethal anti-ChE poisoning (Ruangyuttikarn et al, 2001).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

PESTICIDE CLASSIFICATION

The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified methomyl, technical grade, as pesticide class IB (highly hazardous) (World Health Organization, 2006).

PEDIATRIC

Note that CHILDREN MAY EXHIBIT DIFFERENT PREDOMINANT SIGNS of poisoning from adults. In a study on 25 children poisoned by organophosphate or carbamate compounds, the major symptoms in most of them were CNS depression, stupor, flaccidity, dyspnea, and coma. Other classical signs of organophosphate poisoning, such as miosis, fasciculations, bradycardia, excessive salivation and lacrimation, and gastrointestinal symptoms, were infrequent (Sofer et al, 1989).

ADULT

CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old man presented to the ED 1 hour after ingesting 30 mL of a nutrition supplement that contained methomyl (approximately 63 mg of methomyl). He complained of chest discomfort, sweating, and vomiting. Myosis, severe bradycardia, and urinary and fecal incontinence were also observed. He completely recovered after approximately 8 hours of emergency treatment. His blood concentration of 0.63 mcg/mL was considered toxic but not fatal (Kudo et al, 2005).
In a retrospective review of 14 consecutive methomyl poisoning cases (volume: 5 mL inhalation and 50 to 200 mL oral), 11 patients developed myocardial injury. Other adverse effects included altered mental status (n=10; 71.4%), pneumonia (n=6; 42.9%), respiratory failure (n=6; 42.9%), and shock (n=2; 14.3%; systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg) (Lee et al, 2015).

OCCUPATIONAL

Three workers at a pesticide-formulating plant developed symptoms of organophosphate poisoning associated with each worker wearing a uniform that was contaminated with 76 percent parathion and then laundered. The uniform had been laundered three times before the third worker wore it and he still developed nausea, vomiting, and red cell cholinesterase activity of 75 percent of normal (Clifford & Nies, 1989).

ANIMAL DATA

No effects were seen at doses up to 250 ppm of methomyl in a 90-day feeding study in rats, but 200 and 400 ppm produced lower hemoglobin values in females after 22 months (Kaplan & Sherman, 1977).
No effects were seen in dogs given up to 400 ppm of methomyl in the diet for 2 years (Kaplan & Sherman, 1977).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS16752-77-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Methomyl

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Methomyl
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Methomyl
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Methomyl
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS16752-77-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 2.5x10(-2) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1999 ACGIH, 1991 Lewis, 1996
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)CHICKEN:
- LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)DOG:
- LDLo- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (ORAL)PRIMATE:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

ppm = 0.151 x mg/m(3)

mg/m(3) = 6.63 x ppm

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS16752-77-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Methomyl

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 2.5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: BEI(A)
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.
BEI(A): The BEI notation is listed when a BEI is also recommended for the substance listed. Biological monitoring should be instituted for such substances to evaluate the total exposure from all sources, including dermal, ingestion, or non-occupational. Substances identified as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibiting Pesticides are part of this notation.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Cholinesterase inhib
Molecular Weight: 162.2

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

Under Study

Methomyl

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s):
Molecular Weight:

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS16752-77-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS16752-77-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Methomyl
REL:

TWA: 2.5 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS16752-77-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS16752-77-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS16752-77-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Ethanimidothioic acid, N-[[(methylamino) carbonyl]oxy]-, methyl ester
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Methomyl
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS16752-77-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS16752-77-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Ethanimidothioic acid, N-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]-, methyl ester
P or U series number: P066
Footnote:
Listed as: Methomyl
P or U series number: P066
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS16752-77-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Methomyl
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): d

d: Revised TPQ based on new or re-evaluated toxicity data, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS16752-77-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS16752-77-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Methomyl
Severe Marine Pollutant: No

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS16752-77-5 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS16752-77-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Containers: Glass jars, earthenware jars, composition jars, chipboard boxes, pasteboard boxes, fibre cartons, metal drums, wooden boxes (OHM/TADS , 1990).
Keep containers tightly closed (OHM/TADS , 1990)

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

General Storage codes 1,2 for Carbamate pesticides (OHM/TADS , 1990).
General Conditions: Keep away from heat and water (OHM/TADS , 1990).
Do not subject or store liquid formulations at temperatures below 32 degrees F (EPA, 1985).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Wear full protective clothing when working in the vicinity of spills or leaks or when fighting fires (AAR, 1987).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Wear a self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus when working in the vicinity of spills or leaks or when fighting fires (AAR, 1987).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 16752-77-5.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 29%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 29%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 29%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: 29%
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 29% (Lannate® LV)
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 29%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 29%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
When heated to decomposition, Methomyl releases highly toxic fumes of oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS16752-77-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS16752-77-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Choose an extinguishing agent suitable for fires in surrounding material (AAR, 1987).

Water may be used in flooding quantities as fog (AAR, 1987).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, Methomyl releases highly toxic fumes of oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, Methomyl releases highly toxic fumes of oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, methomyl releases highly toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur (Lewis, 1996).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

Downwind evacuation should be considered if this material is involved in a fire or if a large discharge has occurred (AAR, 1987).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS16752-77-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS16752-77-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Methomyl
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 2.5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 7.5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 200
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS16752-77-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS16752-77-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
DECONTAMINATION OF SPILLS
- No specific decontamination procedures were found for methomyl. The following procedures are for organophosphates.
- A variety of methods have been described for organophosphate spill decontamination, most of which depend on changing the pH to promote hydrolysis to inactive phosphate diester compounds (EPA, 1978). The rate of hydrolysis depends on both the specific organophosphate compound involved and the increase in pH caused by the detoxicant used (EPA, 1978) EPA, 1975a).
Disposal of large quantities or contamination of large areas may be regulated by various governmental agencies and reporting may be required.
Water spray may be used to reduce or knock down vapors (AAR, 1987).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Isolate and ventilate the area. Keep sources of fire away. Wear rubber or neoprene gloves and overshoes and an approved respirator. Get fire-fighting equipment ready. Contain any liquid spill around the edge and absorb with Zorb-All(R), soil, sweeping compound, sawdust, dry sand or similar material. Dispose of absorbed or dry material in disposable containers (Ford, 1989; EPA, 1975b).
Scrub the spilled area with concentrated detergent such as TIDE(R), ALL(R), or similar material. Re-absorb scrubbing liquid and dispose as above (Ford, 1989). Several washes may be required for decontamination (EPA, 1978).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Isolate and ventilate the area. Keep sources of fire away. Wear rubber or neoprene gloves and overshoes and approved personal protection equipment. Get fire-fighting equipment ready (Ford, 1989).
Treatment of the spilled material with alkaline substances such as sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), calcium hydroxide (slaked or hydrated lime, lime or lime water when in dilute solutions), and calcium carbonate (crushed limestone) may be used for detoxification (EPA, 1975a).
- In general it would be preferable to detoxify spilled material before absorbing for disposal whenever possible.
Contain any liquid spill around the edge and absorb with Zorb-All (R), soil, sweeping compound, sawdust, dry sand or similar material. Dispose of absorbed or dry material in disposable containers (Ford, 1989; EPA, 1975b).
- Containers should be sealed to prevent further decontamination.
After the bulk of the material has been removed, further decontaminate spoiled surfaces with alkaline treatment as described above, or with concentrated alkaline detergent. Absorb and dispose of waste water as described above.
Water spray may be used to reduce or knock down vapors (AAR, 1987).
Disposal of large quantities or contamination of large areas may be regulated by various governmental agencies and reporting may be required. Consult the local Emergency Response Committee for guidance.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

SOIL: Clay loam soils were treated with the insecticides, carbaryl and methomyl, at up to 10 times the recommended field doses. The treatment produces an increase in the bacteria populations and the total soluble salt content of the soils (Elsayed et al, 1993).

BIOACCUMULATION: The beet armyworm has a high resistance to many insecticides (eg, methomyl). The cause of this resistance is a detoxifying enzyme, carboxylamidase, located mainly (66.2%) in the armyworms midgut (Vanlaecke & Degheele, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- No specific environmental kinetics data were available at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No specific environmental toxicity data were available at the time of this review.

LD50 DATA

1. LD50 (ORAL) DUCK: 15 mg/kg
2. LC50 (INHL) DUCK: 1890 ppm
3. LD50 (ORAL) PIGEON: 10 mg/kg
4. LD50 (ORAL) QUAIL: 23,700 mcg/kg
5. LC50 (INHL) QUAIL: 3680 ppm
6. LD50 (ORAL) WILD BIRD SPECIES: 10 mg/kg

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

162.21 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Methomyl is a white crystalline solid with a slight sulfurous smell (EPA, 1985)

VAPOR PRESSURE

5 X 10(-5) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1986)

5 X 10(-5) mmHg (at 77 degrees F) (EPA, 1985)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.2946 g/cm(3) (at 24 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

78-79 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)
172-174 degrees F (EPA, 1985)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

5.8 g/100 g (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

100 g/100 g of methanol (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
42 g/100 g of ethanol (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
22 g/100 g of isopropanol (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
73 g/100 g of acetone (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.0 X 10(-10) atm-m(3)/mol (Ehrenfeld et al, 1986)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Selenium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec55&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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METHOMYL

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents