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METHACRYLOYLOXYETHYL ISOCYANATE

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Classification   |    Detailed evidence-based information

Substances Included Synonyms

Therapeutic Toxic Class

    A) Methacryloyloxethyl isocyanate is a liquid used in the manufacture of foams, adhesives and insulation.

Specific Substances

    A) No Synonyms were found in group or single elements
    1.2.1) MOLECULAR FORMULA
    1) C7-H9-N-O3

Available Forms Sources

    A) USES
    1) Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate is a used in the manufacture of adhesives, electrodeposition, photography, epoxy resins, marine antifoulants, and auto refinishing (Langhorst, 1985).

Overview

Life Support

    A) This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted.

Clinical Effects

    0.2.1) SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
    A) Little information was found on methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate. Isocyanates are irritating to skin, lungs, conjunctiva and the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. Isocyanates are typically strong respiratory and dermal sensitizers, and may produce life-threatening asthma.
    0.2.4) HEENT
    A) Severe conjunctival irritation and lacrimation from liquid or high vapor concentrations is likely. Lower concentrations may produce a burning or prickling sensation. Isocyanates may irritate the eyes.
    0.2.6) RESPIRATORY
    A) Burning or irritation of the nose and throat, cough, laryngitis, chest pain, and asthmatic syndrome (chemical bronchitis with severe bronchospasm) sensation of oppression or constriction of the chest, bronchitis, emphysema and cor pulmonale may occur. Epigastric and substernal pain may be secondary to the paroxysmal or persistent cough associated with inhalation.
    0.2.7) NEUROLOGIC
    A) Exposure to TDI, and possibly other substances, caused euphoria, loss of coordination, and loss of consciousness; long-lasting symptoms included personality change, irritability, depression, and memory loss.
    0.2.8) GASTROINTESTINAL
    A) Inhalation of vapor or aerosol may produce vomiting and abdominal pain.
    0.2.10) GENITOURINARY
    A) Firefighters exposed to TDI, and possibly other substances suffered from impotence. The clinical significance of this report has not been determined.
    0.2.14) DERMATOLOGIC
    A) Irritation and inflammation are common with isocyanates. Isocyanates may burn the skin.
    0.2.18) PSYCHIATRIC
    A) Euphoria and long-lasting depression and personality changes have been reported from exposure to TDI.
    0.2.19) IMMUNOLOGIC
    A) Sensitized individuals can react to very small exposures of isocyanates.
    0.2.20) REPRODUCTIVE
    A) At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the potential effects of exposure to this agent during pregnancy or lactation.
    B) ANIMAL STUDIES - Male fertility has not been affected in rats. Pre-implantation mortality has been observed in rat studies through a paternal effect.
    0.2.21) CARCINOGENICITY
    A) At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the carcinogenic potential of this agent.

Laboratory Monitoring

    A) Monitor respiratory function closely.
    B) No biological monitoring parameters for exposed humans were established at the time of this review.
    C) Subclinical responses to isocyanates can often be determined by monitoring various immunologic parameters, such as lymphocyte transformation or presence of specific antibodies in the serum.

Treatment Overview

    0.4.2) ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE
    A) Due to the irritant nature of isocyanates, emesis is NOT ADVISED.
    B) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.
    1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
    C) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
    D) Monitor patient for respiratory distress. If a cough or difficulty in breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis and pneumonia.
    E) Allergic reaction - Sensitized individuals should be cautioned to avoid further exposure, as serious allergic reactions may result.
    0.4.3) INHALATION EXPOSURE
    A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
    B) The specific role of bronchodilators for treatment of severe bronchoconstriction has not been evaluated. Asthma from isocyanates can be induced in the absence of airway hyperresponsiveness; in these cases, bronchodilator use may contribute little to modifying severity.
    C) Allergic reaction - Sensitized individuals should be cautioned to avoid further exposure, as serious allergic reactions may result.
    0.4.4) EYE EXPOSURE
    A) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
    0.4.5) DERMAL EXPOSURE
    A) OVERVIEW
    1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
    2) Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

Range Of Toxicity

    A) Minimum lethal human exposure is unknown.

Clinical Effects

Summary Of Exposure

    A) Little information was found on methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate. Isocyanates are irritating to skin, lungs, conjunctiva and the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. Isocyanates are typically strong respiratory and dermal sensitizers, and may produce life-threatening asthma.

Vital Signs

    3.3.2) RESPIRATIONS
    A) TACHYPNEA - Significant increases in respiratory rate were noted in guinea pigs exposed to isocyanate aerosol mix (Mullin et al, 1983).

Heent

    3.4.1) SUMMARY
    A) Severe conjunctival irritation and lacrimation from liquid or high vapor concentrations is likely. Lower concentrations may produce a burning or prickling sensation. Isocyanates may irritate the eyes.
    3.4.3) EYES
    A) CONJUNCTIVITIS - Severe conjunctival irritation and lacrimation may occur from exposure to liquid or high vapor concentrations of toluene diisocyante (TDI) (Axford et al, 1976). Burning or pricking sensations may occur from exposure to lower concentrations.
    B) BURNS - Isocyanates may burn the eyes (EPA, 1985).

Respiratory

    3.6.1) SUMMARY
    A) Burning or irritation of the nose and throat, cough, laryngitis, chest pain, and asthmatic syndrome (chemical bronchitis with severe bronchospasm) sensation of oppression or constriction of the chest, bronchitis, emphysema and cor pulmonale may occur. Epigastric and substernal pain may be secondary to the paroxysmal or persistent cough associated with inhalation.
    3.6.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) IRRITATION SYMPTOM
    1) Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate caused respiratory irritation in guinea pigs at 0.5 and 0.6 ppm (Mullin et al, 1983).
    2) Burning or irritation of nose and throat, choking sensation, cough which may or may not produce sputum, laryngitis, retrosternal soreness, chest pain, asthmatic syndrome (chemical bronchitis with severe bronchospasm, sensation of oppression or constriction of chest), chronic bronchitis, emphysema and cor pulmonale may occur (Axford et al, 1976).
    B) CHEST PAIN
    1) Epigastric and substernal pain may be secondary to the paroxysmal or persistent cough associated with inhalation.

Neurologic

    3.7.1) SUMMARY
    A) Exposure to TDI, and possibly other substances, caused euphoria, loss of coordination, and loss of consciousness; long-lasting symptoms included personality change, irritability, depression, and memory loss.
    3.7.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FINDING
    1) Firefighters exposed to TDI and possibly other substances experienced neurologic complaints of euphoria, loss of coordination, and loss of consciousness. Long-lasting symptoms of personality change, irritability, depression, and loss of memory were also reported (McKekrrow, 1970; O'Donoghue, 1985), although their significance is unclear.
    B) IMPOTENCE
    1) Firefighters exposed to TDI and possibly other substances suffered from impotence for some time after exposure. This was thought to be due to an indirect neurologic effect rather than to direct toxicity to the male genitalia (Le Quesne et al, 1976). This has not been reported by others.

Gastrointestinal

    3.8.1) SUMMARY
    A) Inhalation of vapor or aerosol may produce vomiting and abdominal pain.
    3.8.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) NAUSEA AND VOMITING
    1) Nausea and vomiting may occur from inhalation of isocyanate vapor or aerosol (Axford et al, 1976).
    B) ABDOMINAL PAIN
    1) Abdominal pain may be noted from inhalation exposure (Axford et al, 1976).

Genitourinary

    3.10.1) SUMMARY
    A) Firefighters exposed to TDI, and possibly other substances suffered from impotence. The clinical significance of this report has not been determined.
    3.10.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) IMPOTENCE
    1) Firefighters exposed to TDI and possibly other substances suffered from impotence for some time after exposure. This was thought to be due to an indirect neurologic effect rather than to direct toxicity to the male genitalia (Le Quesne et al, 1976). This has not been reported by others.

Dermatologic

    3.14.1) SUMMARY
    A) Irritation and inflammation are common with isocyanates. Isocyanates may burn the skin.
    3.14.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) SKIN IRRITATION
    1) Dermatologic effects may range from localized itching to widespread eczema (HSDB, 1999).
    B) CHEMICAL BURN
    1) Isocyanates may burn the skin (EPA, 1985).

Immunologic

    3.19.1) SUMMARY
    A) Sensitized individuals can react to very small exposures of isocyanates.
    3.19.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) ACUTE ALLERGIC REACTION
    1) Exposure to isocyanates such as TDI may have a cumulative effect. In human toxicology there are two classes of reaction to TDI: 1) primary irritation or pharmacodynamic action to which all exposed persons are susceptible to some degree and 2) allergic response in those persons who have become sensitized to TDI during earlier exposure.
    2) The onset of symptoms experienced by the TDI sensitized individual may be insidious, becoming progressively more pronounced with continued exposure over days to months; the initial symptoms of dyspnea and cough can progress to severe asthma and bronchitis. Workers exposed to low TDI levels may experience minimal or no respiratory symptoms, only to experience suddenly an acute and severe asthmatic reaction.

Reproductive

    3.20.1) SUMMARY
    A) At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the potential effects of exposure to this agent during pregnancy or lactation.
    B) ANIMAL STUDIES - Male fertility has not been affected in rats. Pre-implantation mortality has been observed in rat studies through a paternal effect.
    3.20.2) TERATOGENICITY
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) DEATH
    a) Pre-implantation mortality has been observed in rat studies through a paternal effect (RTECS, 1999).
    3.20.3) EFFECTS IN PREGNANCY
    A) LACK OF INFORMATION
    1) At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the potential effects of exposure to this agent during pregnancy or lactation.

Carcinogenicity

    3.21.1) IARC CATEGORY
    A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS30674-80-7 (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004):
    1) Not Listed
    3.21.2) SUMMARY/HUMAN
    A) At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the carcinogenic potential of this agent.
    3.21.3) HUMAN STUDIES
    A) LACK OF INFORMATION
    1) At the time of this review, no data were available to assess the carcinogenic potential of this agent.

Genotoxicity

    A) Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate was inactive in a dominant lethal assay in rats.

Laboratory Monitoring

Monitoring Parameters Levels

    4.1.1) SUMMARY
    A) Monitor respiratory function closely.
    B) No biological monitoring parameters for exposed humans were established at the time of this review.
    C) Subclinical responses to isocyanates can often be determined by monitoring various immunologic parameters, such as lymphocyte transformation or presence of specific antibodies in the serum.

Treatment

Life Support

    A) Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

Monitoring

    A) Monitor respiratory function closely.
    B) No biological monitoring parameters for exposed humans were established at the time of this review.
    C) Subclinical responses to isocyanates can often be determined by monitoring various immunologic parameters, such as lymphocyte transformation or presence of specific antibodies in the serum.

Oral Exposure

    6.5.2) PREVENTION OF ABSORPTION
    A) EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED
    1) Due to the irritant nature of this substance, emesis is NOT ADVISED.
    B) GASTRIC LAVAGE
    1) INDICATIONS: Consider gastric lavage with a large-bore orogastric tube (ADULT: 36 to 40 French or 30 English gauge tube {external diameter 12 to 13.3 mm}; CHILD: 24 to 28 French {diameter 7.8 to 9.3 mm}) after a potentially life threatening ingestion if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 60 minutes).
    a) Consider lavage more than 60 minutes after ingestion of sustained-release formulations and substances known to form bezoars or concretions.
    2) PRECAUTIONS:
    a) SEIZURE CONTROL: Is mandatory prior to gastric lavage.
    b) AIRWAY PROTECTION: Place patients in the head down left lateral decubitus position, with suction available. Patients with depressed mental status should be intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube prior to lavage.
    3) LAVAGE FLUID:
    a) Use small aliquots of liquid. Lavage with 200 to 300 milliliters warm tap water (preferably 38 degrees Celsius) or saline per wash (in older children or adults) and 10 milliliters/kilogram body weight of normal saline in young children(Vale et al, 2004) and repeat until lavage return is clear.
    b) The volume of lavage return should approximate amount of fluid given to avoid fluid-electrolyte imbalance.
    c) CAUTION: Water should be avoided in young children because of the risk of electrolyte imbalance and water intoxication. Warm fluids avoid the risk of hypothermia in very young children and the elderly.
    4) COMPLICATIONS:
    a) Complications of gastric lavage have included: aspiration pneumonia, hypoxia, hypercapnia, mechanical injury to the throat, esophagus, or stomach, fluid and electrolyte imbalance (Vale, 1997). Combative patients may be at greater risk for complications (Caravati et al, 2001).
    b) Gastric lavage can cause significant morbidity; it should NOT be performed routinely in all poisoned patients (Vale, 1997).
    5) CONTRAINDICATIONS:
    a) Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness if patient is not intubated, following ingestion of corrosive substances, hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential), patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation, or trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
    C) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/CATHARTIC
    1) CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION
    a) Consider administration of activated charcoal after a potentially toxic ingestion (Chyka et al, 2005). Administer charcoal as an aqueous slurry; most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion.
    2) CHARCOAL DOSE
    a) Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).
    1) Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).
    b) ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS
    1) Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
    2) Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).
    6.5.3) TREATMENT
    A) MONITORING OF PATIENT
    1) Monitor patient for respiratory distress; if a cough or difficulty in breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, and pneumonia.
    B) ACUTE ALLERGIC REACTION
    1) Allergic individuals should be cautioned to avoid further exposure, as serious allergic reactions may result.

Inhalation Exposure

    6.7.1) DECONTAMINATION
    A) Move patient from the toxic environment to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty in breathing develops, evaluate for hypoxia, respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis.
    B) OBSERVATION: Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
    C) INITIAL TREATMENT: Administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen, perform endotracheal intubation and provide assisted ventilation as required. Administer inhaled beta-2 adrenergic agonists, if bronchospasm develops. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm (National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute, 2007). Exposed skin and eyes should be flushed with copious amounts of water.
    6.7.2) TREATMENT
    A) MONITORING OF PATIENT
    1) Monitor for allergic reactions.
    B) BRONCHOSPASM
    1) The specific role of bronchodilators for treatment of severe bronchoconstriction has not been evaluated. Asthma from TDI can be induced in the absence of airway hyperresponsiveness; in these cases, bronchodilator use may contribute little to modifying severity.
    C) ACUTE ALLERGIC REACTION
    1) Sensitized individuals should be cautioned to avoid further exposure, as serious allergic reactions may result.
    D) Treatment should include recommendations listed in the ORAL EXPOSURE section when appropriate.

Eye Exposure

    6.8.1) DECONTAMINATION
    A) EYE IRRIGATION, ROUTINE: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, an ophthalmologic examination should be performed (Peate, 2007; Naradzay & Barish, 2006).
    6.8.2) TREATMENT
    A) ACUTE ALLERGIC REACTION
    1) Monitor for allergic reactions.
    B) BRONCHOSPASM
    1) The specific role of bronchodilators for treatment of severe bronchoconstriction has not been evaluated. Asthma from TDI can be induced in the absence of airway hyperresponsiveness; in these cases bronchodilator use may contribute little to modifying severity.
    C) Treatment should include recommendations listed in the ORAL EXPOSURE section when appropriate.

Dermal Exposure

    6.9.1) DECONTAMINATION
    A) DERMAL DECONTAMINATION
    1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
    6.9.2) TREATMENT
    A) BURN
    1) APPLICATION
    a) These recommendations apply to patients with MINOR chemical burns (FIRST DEGREE; SECOND DEGREE: less than 15% body surface area in adults; less than 10% body surface area in children; THIRD DEGREE: less than 2% body surface area). Consultation with a clinician experienced in burn therapy or a burn unit should be obtained if larger area or more severe burns are present. Neutralizing agents should NOT be used.
    2) DEBRIDEMENT
    a) After initial flushing with large volumes of water to remove any residual chemical material, clean wounds with a mild disinfectant soap and water.
    b) DEVITALIZED SKIN: Loose, nonviable tissue should be removed by gentle cleansing with surgical soap or formal skin debridement (Moylan, 1980; Haynes, 1981). Intravenous analgesia may be required (Roberts, 1988).
    c) BLISTERS: Removal and debridement of closed blisters is controversial. Current consensus is that intact blisters prevent pain and dehydration, promote healing, and allow motion; therefore, blisters should be left intact until they rupture spontaneously or healing is well underway, unless they are extremely large or inhibit motion (Roberts, 1988; Carvajal & Stewart, 1987).
    3) TREATMENT
    a) TOPICAL ANTIBIOTICS: Prophylactic topical antibiotic therapy with silver sulfadiazine is recommended for all burns except superficial partial thickness (first-degree) burns (Roberts, 1988). For first-degree burns bacitracin may be used, but effectiveness is not documented (Roberts, 1988).
    b) SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS: Systemic antibiotics are generally not indicated unless infection is present or the burn involves the hands, feet, or perineum.
    c) WOUND DRESSING:
    1) Depending on the site and area, the burn may be treated open (face, ears, or perineum) or covered with sterile nonstick porous gauze. The gauze dressing should be fluffy and thick enough to absorb all drainage.
    2) Alternatively, a petrolatum fine-mesh gauze dressing may be used alone on partial-thickness burns.
    d) DRESSING CHANGES:
    1) Daily dressing changes are indicated if a burn cream is used; changes every 3 to 4 days are adequate with a dry dressing.
    2) If dressing changes are to be done at home, the patient or caregiver should be instructed in proper techniques and given sufficient dressings and other necessary supplies.
    e) Analgesics such as acetaminophen with codeine may be used for pain relief if needed.
    4) TETANUS PROPHYLAXIS
    a) The patient's tetanus immunization status should be determined. Tetanus toxoid 0.5 milliliter intramuscularly or other indicated tetanus prophylaxis should be administered if required.
    B) ACUTE ALLERGIC REACTION
    1) Monitor for allergic reactions.
    C) BRONCHOSPASM
    1) The specific role of bronchodilators for treatment of severe bronchoconstriction has not been evaluated. Asthma from TDI can be induced in the absence of airway hyperresponsiveness; in these cases bronchodilator use may contribute little to modifying severity.
    D) Treatment should include recommendations listed in the ORAL EXPOSURE section when appropriate.

Range Of Toxicity

Summary

    A) Minimum lethal human exposure is unknown.

Minimum Lethal Exposure

    A) GENERAL/SUMMARY
    1) The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

Maximum Tolerated Exposure

    A) GENERAL/SUMMARY
    1) The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.
    B) ANIMAL DATA
    1) In a study to evaluate guinea pig respiratory response to protein conjugates of methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate (IEM), guinea pigs were exposed to daily induction exposures with an aerosol of bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugated with methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate. In guinea pigs responding to BSA-IEM, 0.1 to 0.4 parts per million IEM vapor elicited delayed respiratory responses and 0.5 and 0.6 ppm IEM vapor induced irritation responses (Mullin et al, 1983).

Workplace Standards

    A) ACGIH TLV Values for CAS30674-80-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
    1) Not Listed

    B) NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS30674-80-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
    1) Not Listed

    C) Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS30674-80-7 :
    1) ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
    2) EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
    3) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
    4) NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
    5) MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
    6) NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

    D) OSHA PEL Values for CAS30674-80-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
    1) Not Listed

Toxicity Information

    7.7.1) TOXICITY VALUES
    A) References: (RTECS, 1999; EPA, 1985
    1) LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
    a) 670 mg/kg

Physicochemical

Ph

    1) No information found at the time of this review.

Molecular Weight

    A) 155.17 (RTECS, 1999)

References

General Bibliography

    1) 40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
    2) 40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
    3) 49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.
    4) 49 CFR 172.101: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 11, 2005.
    5) 62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.
    6) 65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
    7) 65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
    8) 65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
    9) 66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.
    10) 67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.
    11) 68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.
    12) 69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.
    13) AIHA: 2006 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA, 2006.
    14) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists : ACGIH 2010 Threshold Limit Values (TLVs(R)) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs(R)), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, OH, 2010.
    15) Axford AT, McKerrow CB, & Jones AP: Accidental exposure to isocyanate fumes in a group of firemen. Br J Ind Med 1976; 33:65-71.
    16) Burgess JL, Kirk M, Borron SW, et al: Emergency department hazardous materials protocol for contaminated patients. Ann Emerg Med 1999; 34(2):205-212.
    17) CHRIS : CHRIS Hazardous Chemical Data. US Department of Transportation, US Coast Guard. Washington, DC (Internet Version). Edition expires 1993; provided by Truven Health Analytics Inc., Greenwood Village, CO.
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