MESITYLENE

Mesitylene is used in paint and lacquer thinners, as a solvent in paint and varnish formulations, as a component in motor fuel, as an ultraviolet oxidation stabilizer for plastics, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of organic chemicals. It is also used in the production of plastics and dyes (AAR, 1998; Bingham et al, 2001; Pohanish, 2002; Laham, 1987) .

FORMS

The commercial product is 98.5% pure by weight and may contain 1% pseudocumene and 0.5% other aromatic compounds (HSDB , 2002).

SOURCES

Mesitylene is one of three isomers of trimethylbenzene and is found in refined petroleum and in coal tars (through fractionation). It can also be produced by the dehydration of acetone with sulfuric acid or by the disproportionation of xylene when in the presence of aluminum chloride (Bingham et al, 2001; Budavari, 2000; HSDB , 2002; Laham, 1987).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Mesitylene is irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Mesitylene can cause CNS depression. Fatigue, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, confusion, incoordination, nervousness, and anxiety may be noted. Pulmonary aspiration may result in chemical pneumonitis with acute lung injury and hemorrhage.

Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, mild anemia, and coagulation disorders may also occur. Elevated liver function tests have been noted.

Chronic exposure may cause asthmatic-like bronchitis. Erythema, drying, and defatting of the skin may occur following dermal exposure to the liquid.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Mesitylene is irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes (Plunkett, 1976; ITI, 1985; Hathaway et al, 1996) RTECS, 1997). Pulmonary aspiration can cause potentially fatal chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage (Laham, 1987). Neurologic effects may include headache, fatigue, nervousness, anxiety, and central nervous system (CNS) depression (HSDB, 1997; (Hathaway et al, 1996; Laham, 1987). Nausea may also be noted (Plunkett, 1976; ITI, 1985; Finkel, 1983; Hathaway et al, 1996).

Dermal irritation may occur following direct skin contact (Plunkett, 1976) EPA, 1985). Systemic absorption through intact skin does not occur readily and acute poisoning by this exposure route is unlikely (Laham, 1987).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chronic asthmatic-like bronchitis may be a delayed or chronic hazard (EPA, 1985; (Laham, 1987) HSDB, 1997). Nervousness, tension, and anxiety have been noted in chronically exposed workers with exposure to a mixture of solvents including mesitylene (HSDB, 1997).

Thrombocytopenia with bleeding from the gums and nose and mild anemia may occur with chronic exposure to mesitylene as a component of the commercial solvent mixture, "Fleet-X-DV-99" (Plunkett, 1976; Finkel, 1983) HSDB, 1997). Hypochromic anemia and coagulation disorders were found in a group of workers exposed for several years to a solvent mixture containing 50 percent pseudocumene and 30 percent mesitylene (Battig et al, 1956) ACGIH, 1992). These hematologic effects may have been due to a contaminant in the remaining 20 percent, probably benzene (Laham, 1987; Hathaway et al, 1996; Gerarde, 1960). Thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia have been noted in rabbits (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

Repeated skin contact may result in cracking and drying (Hathaway et al, 1996).

Elevated alkaline phosphatase and SGOT (AST) levels have been noted in chronic experimental animal inhalation studies (Clayton & Clayton, 1994). These effects have not been reported in exposed humans.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE - Wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, and blood (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; Chemsoft(R) , 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation or chemical pneumonitis and acute lung injury from aspiration, DO NOT induce emesis.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ADULT

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

In experiments with rats, 4 of 10 animals died following inhalation exposure to an airborne concentration of 2400 ppm for 24 hours. An oral dose of 5 mL/kg caused death in 1 of 10 rats (Laham, 1987).
Minimum lethal intraperitoneal doses were 1.5 to 2.0 mL/kg in rats and 1.13 to 12 mL/kg in guinea pigs (Laham, 1987).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ADULT

10 ppm is the lowest toxic concentration reported in humans. At this concentration, central nervous system effects with somnolence and respiratory tract irritation are observed (EPA, 1985; (RTECS , 2002).
A variety of effects on the central nervous system (CNS), respiratory system, and hematopoietic system were observed in a group of workers with chronic exposure to a solvent mixture containing 30 percent mesitylene (Laham, 1987).

Levels of total hydrocarbon vapors present in the breathing atmosphere of these workers ranged from 10 to 60 ppm (Laham, 1987).

Mesitylene inhalation at airborne concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/L for 6 hours caused dose-related changes in white blood cell counts in rats (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

No significant effects on the complete blood count were noted with 6 hours per day exposure for 5 weeks, but elevations of alkaline phosphatase and SGOT (AST) were observed (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

CNS depression and ataxia were noted in rats exposed to airborne concentrations of 5100 to 9180 ppm for 2 hours (Laham, 1987).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS108-67-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS108-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Bingham et al, 2001 ITI, 1995; RTECS, 2002
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS:

1 ppm = 4.92 mg/m(3) (at 1 atm) (Bingham et al, 2001; Laham, 1987)

1 mg/L = 203.4 ppm (Laham, 1987)
1 mg/L = 203.5 ppm (HSDB , 2002)
1 mg/m(3) = 0.20 ppm (Laham, 1987)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS108-67-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS108-67-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS108-67-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
REL:

TWA: 25 ppm (125 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS108-67-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS108-67-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS108-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS108-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS108-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS108-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS108-67-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS108-67-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS108-67-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Benzene, 1,3,5-trimethyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2325 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2325
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: B1, IB3, T2, TP1

B1: If the material has a flash point at or above 38 °C (100 °F) and below 93 °C (200 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.241 of this subchapter are applicable. If the material has a flash point of less than 38 °C (100 °F), then the bulk packaging requirements of sxn. 173.242 of this subchapter are applicable.
IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672).
T2: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 60 L
Cargo aircraft only: 220 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2325 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
UN Number: 2325

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS108-67-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 2

(2) Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.

Flammability Rating (Red): 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Wear protective clothing including rubber gloves, a protective mask, overalls, and an all-purpose respiratory mask (ITI, 1995; (Pohanish, 2002).
For normal handling procedures, ensure that ventilation is adequate and wear protective clothing including chemical goggles, a chemical cartridge respirator, and rubber gloves (Plunkett, 1976).

HANDLING

When handling mesitylene, rubber gloves, a protective mask, overalls, and an all-purpose respiratory mask should be worn (ITI, 1995).

Ensure that explosive concentrations do not exist before entering a confined space where mesitylene is stored or may be present (Pohanish, 2002).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Mound storage tanks containing trimethylbenzenes to confine escaping liquid (HSDB , 2002).
If possible, liquid should be automatically pumped from drums or other storage containers into process containers (Pohanish, 2002).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store tightly-closed containers of mesitylene in cool, well-ventilated areas. Keep far from oxidizers and strong acids (Pohanish, 2002).
Use effective ventilation (preferably local exhaust ventilation) to keep the concentration of vapor in the atmosphere below 35-50 ppm; this will help decrease the risk of explosion (HSDB , 2002).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Mesitylene is incompatible with oxidizers and strong acids (such as nitric acid) (NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

To prevent contact with mesitylene, protective clothing, including gloves and a face shield, should be used. Clothing should be removed and replaced if it becomes wet or significantly contaminated (NIOSH , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

For normal handling procedures, ensure that ventilation is adequate and wear protective clothing including chemical goggles, a chemical cartridge respirator, and rubber gloves (Plunkett, 1976).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Do not wear contact lenses when working with mesitylene (Pohanish, 2002).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Wear an all-purpose respiratory mask when working with mesitylene (ITI, 1995).

For normal handling procedures, ensure that ventilation is adequate and wear protective clothing including chemical goggles, a chemical cartridge respirator, and rubber gloves (Plunkett, 1976).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 108-67-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Emergency showers and eyewash stations should be provided (Pohanish, 2002).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS108-67-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Flammability Rating: 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS108-67-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Extinguishing Method(s): Not Listed

Mesitylene is a flammable liquid, and poisonous gases may be produced in fires involving this compound. Mesitylene vapors are more dense than air and will collect in low areas; if vapors in confined areas are exposed to fire, explosion is possible. They also may travel to a source of ignition, causing a flashback. Containers may also explode or possible rocket great distances (Pohanish, 2002).

Fire should be extinguished only if the runoff can be stopped or confined safely. Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or alcohol or polymer foam extinguishers should be used as water may be ineffective. Water can be used to cool exposed containers from a safe location. In the instance that this is ineffective or if venting sound increases, tank discolors or deforms, withdrawal to a secure position should be immediate. Do not allow runoff to enter sewers or water sources (HSDB , 2002; Pohanish, 2002).

Water spray, fog, foam, and carbon dioxide are recommended to fight fires involving mesitylene (Lewis, 2000).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Mesitylene forms an explosive mixture with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997)
To decrease the risk of explosion, use local applied exhaust or other effective ventilation to ensure that trimethylbenzene vapors are kept below 35-50 ppm (HSDB , 2002).
Mesitylene releases acrid smoke and fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

A vapor explosion hazard is associated with mesitylene indoors, outdoors, or in sewers. Allowing this compound to runoff into sewers may result in the creation of a fire or explosion (Pohanish, 2002).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Mesitylene releases acrid smoke and fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Mesitylene emits acrid smoke and fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000).

Heat, sparks, or flames may ignite mesitylene (Sittig, 1991).

A violent reaction occurs when mesitylene is exposed to nitric acid or oxidizing materials (Lewis, 2000).

Mesitylene may accumulate static electrical charges, which may cause ignition of its vapors (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

FIRE -- When a tank car or truck becomes involved in a fire with mesitylene, isolate the area for one-half mile in all directions. In the event of a rising sound coming from a venting safety device or if any discoloration of a tank due to the fire is observed, withdraw from the scene immediately (Pohanish, 2002).

SPILL -- Keep people not wearing protective clothing away from the spill by isolating and denying entry to the area (Pohanish, 2002).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS108-67-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS108-67-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Mesitylene (1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 25
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 140
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 360
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 500
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS108-67-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 460 ppm
mg/m3: 2300 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 460 ppm
mg/m3: 2300 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 360 ppm
mg/m3: 1800 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 230 ppm
mg/m3: 1100 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 150 ppm
mg/m3: 740 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of insufficient data
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

Listed as: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 180 ppm
mg/m3: 890 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 180 ppm
mg/m3: 890 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 140 ppm
mg/m3: 690 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 90 ppm
mg/m3: 440 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 45 ppm
mg/m3: 220 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS108-67-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
All individuals not wearing protective equipment should be evacuated and restricted from the spill or leak area until cleanup is complete. All ignition sources should be removed, and forced ventilation should be established to ensure levels are kept below the explosive limit. The spill can be absorbed in dry sand, earth, peat, vermiculite, carbon or other noncombustible, absorbent material. To lessen the possibility of explosions, do not allow the chemical to enter into confined spaces. If done immediately, sorbent foams and oil-skimming equipment may applied to a slick. If material should enter into a waterway, downstream users must be notified of potential contamination. Contact for specific disposal recommendations. It may need to be treated as if a hazardous waste (Pohanish, 2002)
LAND SPILL -- When mesitylene is spilled on land, a holding area should be created to contain the material. Soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete can be used to dike the surface flow, and fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents can then be used to absorb the bulk liquid (NFPA, 1997).
WATER SPILL -- To limit the travel of mesitylene that has been spilled in water, natural barrriers or oil spill control booms should be used. The trapped material can then be removed with suction hoses (NFPA, 1997).
AIR SPILL -- Water spray or mist should be used to knock down vapors when mesitylene is spilled in air (NFPA, 1997).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Small spills can be absorbed on paper, then evaporated on an iron or glass dish in a hood. The paper should be burned (ITI, 1995).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Mesitylene is emitted into the atmosphere by gasoline-powered vehicles, coal-fired power stations, and municipal waste-treatment plants. Exposure to this compound for the general population will occur through the ingestion of food or drinking water, the inhalation of ambient air, or dermal contact with vapors, food, or other mesitylene-containing products (HSDB , 2002).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Based on its vapor pressure of 2.48 mmHg at 25 degrees C, mesitylene released to air will exist entirely in the vapor phase. Vapor-phase mesitylene will be degraded in the atmosphere by its reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. The half-life for this reaction is approximately 7 hours. Mesitylene in the vapor phase may also be degraded by a reaction with nitrate radicals at a half-life of 10-67 days (HSDB , 2002).
Mesitylene has a half-life of 0.2 days for its reaction with hydroxyl radicals and of 1,100 days for its reaction with ozone (Verschueren, 2000).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Based on its octanol/water partition coefficient, mesitylene may adsorb to sediment or particulate matter in water, and it is expected to volatilize from water surfaces due to its Henry's Law constant of 8.77x10(-3) atm-m(3)/mol. The half-lives for mesitylene in a model river and model lake were estimated at 3 hours and 4 days, respectively (HSDB , 2002).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- The mobility of mesitylene in soil is expected to be low based upon a measured Koc value of 660. This compound is also likely to volatilize from both moist and dry soil surfaces according to measured values for its Henry's Law Constant and vapor pressure, respectively. Mesitylene is expected to biodegrade in soil; the rate of biodegradation may be increased by acclimation (HSDB , 2002).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

CARP: 23-342 (for a mesitylene concentration of 150 mcg/L) (HSDB , 2002)
CARP: 42-328 (for a mesitylene concentration of 15 mcg/L) (HSDB , 2002)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

AQUATIC TOXICITY:

EC50 - SCENEDESMUS SUBSPICATUS: 25-53 mg/L for 48H (Verschueren, 2000)
EC50 - DAPHNIA MAGNA: 50 mg/L for 24H - increased mortality; reduced reproduction rates (HSDB , 2002)
LC50 - GOLDFISH: 13 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2000)
TLm96 - UNSPECIFIED FISH SPECIES: 100-1000 ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

120.19

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Mesitylene is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature; its odor has been characterized as being peculiar, distinctive, aromatic, and sweet (Budavari, 2000; HSDB , 2002; NIOSH , 2002).

VAPOR PRESSURE

1.82 mmHg (at 20 degrees C)(Bingham et al, 2001) Verschueren, 2000)

1.86 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002; Laham, 1987)

1.86 mmHg (ILO, 1998)

2 mmHg (NIOSH , 2002)

2.48 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (from experimentally-derived coefficients) (HSDB , 2002)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.9 (NFPA, 2002a)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.863 g/mL (Lewis, 2001)

VAPOR DENSITY

4.1 (Bingham et al, 2001; NFPA, 2002a) Verschueren, 2000)
1.006 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002; Laham, 1987)
1.006 (ILO, 1998)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-49 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)
-52.7 degrees C (Lewis, 2001)

MELTING POINT

-44.8 degrees C (ITI, 1995; (Lewis, 2000)
44.7 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001)
-44.7 degrees C (ILO, 1998)
-52.7 degrees C (Verschueren, 2000)

BOILING POINT

329 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)

165 degrees C (Sittig, 1991)

163-165 degrees C (Ashford, 2001)

328 degrees F; 164 degrees C (NFPA, 2002a)

164.7 degrees C (at 760 mmHg)(Budavari, 2000; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 2000) ITI, 1995)

164.6 degrees C (Lewis, 2002)

164.7 degrees C (ILO, 1998; Verschueren, 2000)

98.9 degrees C (at 100 mmHg) (Budavari, 2000)

61 degrees C (at 20 mmHg) (Budavari, 2000)

47.4 degrees C (at 10 mmHg) (Budavari, 2000)

9.6 degrees C (at 1.0 mmHg) (Budavari, 2000)

FLASH POINT

122 degrees F; 50 degrees C (closed cup)(HSDB , 1999; NFPA, 2002a; NIOSH , 2002)

near 123 degrees F (AAR, 2002).

50 degrees C (Sittig, 1991; Laham, 1987)

47 degrees C; 117 degrees F (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

1022 degrees F (Lewis, 2000)

1039 degrees F; 559 degrees C (NFPA, 2002a)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

0.88 % (open cup) (Bingham et al, 2001)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

0.002% (Budavari, 2000; NIOSH , 2002; Laham, 1987)
20 mg/l (Verschueren, 2000)
Insoluble in water (Ashford, 2001; Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 2000) ILO, 1998)
48.2 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Mesitylene is miscible with aromatic and oxygenated solvents (Ashford, 2001).
Mesitylene is miscible with ether, petroleum ether, benzene, and alcohol (Budavari, 2000) ITI, 1995; (Lewis, 2000; Laham, 1987)
Mesitylene is very soluble in alcohol and ether (Bingham et al, 2001)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Log Pow = 3.42 (HSDB , 2002) Verschueren, 2000)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

8.770x10(-3) atm-m(3)/mol(3) (HSDB , 2002)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

IR: 6116 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

1256 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

MASS

485 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2002)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.027 mg/L (range of 0.00024-0.062 mg/L) (Verschueren, 2000)

SURFACE TENSION

28.83 mN/m at 20 degrees C (HSDB , 2002)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

3.1269 x 10(6) Pa (HSDB , 2002)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

364.36 degrees C (HSDB , 2002)

HEAT OF FUSION

9.5144x10(6) J/kmol (at the melting point) (HSDB , 2002)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.49541 (at 18 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000) ITI, 1995; (Laham, 1987)
1.4994 (Bingham et al, 2001)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

8.39 eV (NIOSH , 2002)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

241 (Varian Associates NMR Spectra Catalogue) (HSDB , 2002)

VISCOSITY

<32.6 SUS (Bingham et al, 2001)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents