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MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE

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Classification   |    Detailed evidence-based information

Substances Included Synonyms

Therapeutic Toxic Class

    A) Mercaptobenzothiazole is used in the rubber industry as an antioxidant and vulcanization accelerator, in metal processing and in the automotive industry as an anticorrosion agent, and as a bacteriostatic agent and fungicide (Sittig, 1985).
    B) A concentration of 1% to 2% is used in veterinary medicine for a wide variety of canine dermatoses and on teats of cows (Rossoff, 1974).

Specific Substances

    A) Mercaptobenzothiazole
    1) MBZ
    2) MBT
    3) 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
    4) 2-Benzothiazolethiol
    5) CAS 149-30-4
    6) Molecular Formula: C7-H5-N-S2
    2-(2-Hydroxy-ethylmercapto) benzothiazole (HMBT)
    1) 2-(2-Hydroxy-ethylmercapto) benzothiazole (HMBT)
    GENERAL TERMS
    1) Sulfadene
    2) Rotax
    3) Captax

    1.2.1) MOLECULAR FORMULA
    1) C7-H5-N-S2

Available Forms Sources

    A) FORMS
    1) MBT is found in various rubbers up to a 2% concentration. It is primarily a rubber vulcanization accelerator (Guess & O'Leary, 1969). It is a contaminate found in some elastic garment compounds.
    2) Mercaptobenzothiazole has been shown to be a urinary metabolic degradation product intermediate from benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
    3) Various salts have been marketed as bactericidal and fungicidal (S Budavari , 2001). These include the monoethanolamine salt (Vancide 20S), a combination of a sodium salt of mercaptobenzothiazole and dimethyldithiocarbamic acid (Vancide 51), a combination of a zinc salt of mercaptobenzothiazole and dimethyldithiocarbamic acid (Vancide 51Z), and the laurylpyridinum salt of 5-chloro-2-mercaptobenzothiazole (Vancide 26 and 26EC) (Gosselin et al, 1984).
    B) SOURCES
    1) MBT has been found in waste water from tire manufacturers (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
    C) USES
    1) The sodium salt is a corrosion inhibitor in antifreeze coolants and other systems, particularly those made of copper and brass. Brand names include NACAP(R) which is a 50% solution (Gosselin et al, 1984).
    2) HMBT is a reaction product of MBT and ethylene oxide used to sterilize medical grade rubber items (Guess & O'Leary, 1969).
    3) A concentration of 1% to 2% is used in veterinary medicine for a wide variety of canine dermatoses and on teats of cows (Rossoff, 1974).

Overview

Life Support

    A) This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted.

Clinical Effects

    0.2.1) SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
    A) Human exposures to significant amounts are rare. Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is usually encountered in rubber products and causes some dermatitis. Acute oral toxicity appears low, and humans have little chance of becoming exposed parenterally. Various salts of MBT are fungicides and bactericides and may be irritating when ingested.
    0.2.5) CARDIOVASCULAR
    A) Peripheral vasodilation was reported in animals.
    0.2.7) NEUROLOGIC
    A) Seizures have been reported in animals given 335 mg/kg.
    0.2.9) HEPATIC
    A) Liver necrosis was reported in animals given 1/4 to 1/8 of the LD50 for their species.
    0.2.14) DERMATOLOGIC
    A) Dermatitis has been reported by several authors due to garments containing rubber contaminated with MBT or contact with oil containing MBT. The compound itself is not highly irritating.
    0.2.20) REPRODUCTIVE
    A) Embryotoxicity was noted in white leghorn chicken embryos when injected with mercaptobenzothiazole. Rat studies exhibited no detectable teratogenic effects.

Laboratory Monitoring

    A) No toxic serum levels have been established.

Treatment Overview

    0.4.2) ORAL/PARENTERAL EXPOSURE
    A) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
    0.4.5) DERMAL EXPOSURE
    A) OVERVIEW
    1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
    2) DERMATITIS - Is usually controlled by removal of the offending agent, but may occasionally require a steroid cream.

Range Of Toxicity

    A) No human toxic dose has been established.
    B) The maximum tolerated dose in mice was approximately 931 mg/kg.

Clinical Effects

Summary Of Exposure

    A) Human exposures to significant amounts are rare. Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is usually encountered in rubber products and causes some dermatitis. Acute oral toxicity appears low, and humans have little chance of becoming exposed parenterally. Various salts of MBT are fungicides and bactericides and may be irritating when ingested.

Heent

    3.4.3) EYES
    A) CONJUNCTIVITIS - 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is reported to be very irritating to the eyes (Kowalski & Bassendowska, 1965; Grant & Schuman, 1993).
    3.4.6) THROAT
    A) Excessive SALIVATION was observed in mice given greater than 355 mg/kg of MBT or HMBT IP (Guess & O'Leary, 1969).

Cardiovascular

    3.5.1) SUMMARY
    A) Peripheral vasodilation was reported in animals.
    3.5.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) VASODILATATION
    a) MICE - Peripheral vasodilatation was reported in mice given 355 mg of MBT or HMBT-IP (Guess & O'Leary, 1969).

Neurologic

    3.7.1) SUMMARY
    A) Seizures have been reported in animals given 335 mg/kg.
    3.7.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) SEIZURES
    a) MICE - Tonic and clonic convulsions were reported in mice given HMBT and MBT IP in doses of 335 mg/kg (Guess & O'Leary, 1969).

Gastrointestinal

    3.8.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) SALIVA INCREASED
    a) MICE - Excessive salivation was observed in mice given greater than 355 mg/kg of MBT or HMBT IP (Guess & O'Leary, 1969).

Hepatic

    3.9.1) SUMMARY
    A) Liver necrosis was reported in animals given 1/4 to 1/8 of the LD50 for their species.
    3.9.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) HEPATIC NECROSIS
    a) MICE - Liver necrosis was reported in mice given 1/4 to 1/8 the LD50's of MBT and HMBT for 1 week (Guess & O'Leary, 1969), but doses of 20 mg/kg/day in rabbits and 300 mg/kg/day in rats did not produce hepatotoxicity (Guess & O'Leary, 1969).

Genitourinary

    3.10.3) ANIMAL EFFECTS
    A) ANIMAL STUDIES
    1) RENAL FUNCTION ABNORMAL
    a) Necrosis of the distal convoluted tubular epithelium was reported in rats receiving 3000 mg/kg (Bingham et al, 2001).

Hematologic

    3.13.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) METHEMOGLOBINEMIA
    1) Workers exposed to Captax (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) may have as much as 4% hemoglobin present in the form of methemoglobin as a result of action of aniline, nitrobenzene, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds (HSDB , 2002).

Dermatologic

    3.14.1) SUMMARY
    A) Dermatitis has been reported by several authors due to garments containing rubber contaminated with MBT or contact with oil containing MBT. The compound itself is not highly irritating.
    3.14.2) CLINICAL EFFECTS
    A) DERMATITIS
    1) Dermatitis has been reported by several authors due to garments containing rubber contaminated with MBT (Joseph & Maibach, 1967), or contact with oil containing MBT (Wilkinson et al, 1990).
    2) MBT is not highly irritating. Animals tested with a 4% solution had only mild inflammation develop (Guess & O'Leary, 1969).
    3) Contact dermatitis has been noted in surgeons, other hospital personnel and factory workers (Clayton & Clayton, 1981; HSDB , 2002).
    4) CASE REPORT - A 77-year-old man developed a red papular rash on the lower abdomen and anterior right thigh associated with the use of a new Silastic(R) Foley catheter. The author suggested that the reaction was due to MBT or some other derivative that was present in the Silastic catheter based on patch testing (Anacona et al, 1985).
    B) BULLOUS ERUPTION
    1) Nacap (a 50% sodium salt) caused vesication and erythematous lesions in human patch tests (Gosselin et al, 1984).

Reproductive

    3.20.1) SUMMARY
    A) Embryotoxicity was noted in white leghorn chicken embryos when injected with mercaptobenzothiazole. Rat studies exhibited no detectable teratogenic effects.
    3.20.2) TERATOGENICITY
    A) EMBRYOTOXICITY
    1) Embryotoxicity was noted in up to 20% of those tested when 3-day-old white leghorn chicken embryos were injected with mercaptobenzothiazole. Two micromoles/egg reported as the maximum effective dose (HSDB , 2002).
    B) LACK OF EFFECT
    1) Fetuses of rats administered 200 mg/kg of mercaptobenzothiazole IP on days 1 to 15 of gestation exhibited no detectable teratogenic effects (HSDB , 2002).

Carcinogenicity

    3.21.1) IARC CATEGORY
    A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS149-30-4 (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004):
    1) Not Listed
    3.21.3) HUMAN STUDIES
    A) CARCINOMA
    1) RATS - POSITIVE tumorigenic (leukemia and gastrointestinal tumors) in rat at an oral intermittent dose of 195 g/kg for 2 years (TDLo) (RTECS , 2002)
    2) MICE - POSITIVE for blood and liver tumors in mice at oral intermittent doses of 35 g/kg for 78 weeks (TDLo) (RTECS , 2002)
    3) MICE - POSITIVE for blood tumors in mice at subcutaneous doses of 215 mg/kg (TDLo) (RTECS , 2002)

Laboratory Monitoring

Monitoring Parameters Levels

    4.1.1) SUMMARY
    A) No toxic serum levels have been established.
    4.1.2) SERUM/BLOOD
    A) TOXICITY
    1) No toxic serum levels have been established.
    B) BLOOD/SERUM CHEMISTRY
    1) Liver function tests should be monitored in the event of a significant exposure.

Treatment

Life Support

    A) Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

Patient Disposition

    6.3.1) DISPOSITION/ORAL EXPOSURE
    6.3.1.1) ADMISSION CRITERIA/ORAL
    A) Patients symptomatic following exposure should be observed in a controlled setting until all signs and symptoms have fully resolved.

Monitoring

    A) No toxic serum levels have been established.

Oral Exposure

    6.5.1) PREVENTION OF ABSORPTION/PREHOSPITAL
    A) EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED -
    1) Seizures may develop if significant amounts are ingested, therefore induction of emesis is NOT recommended.
    B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL -
    1) PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION
    a) Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).
    1) In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
    2) The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).
    2) CHARCOAL DOSE
    a) Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).
    1) Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).
    b) ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS
    1) Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
    2) Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).
    6.5.2) PREVENTION OF ABSORPTION
    A) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
    1) CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION
    a) Consider administration of activated charcoal after a potentially toxic ingestion (Chyka et al, 2005). Administer charcoal as an aqueous slurry; most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion.
    2) CHARCOAL DOSE
    a) Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).
    1) Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).
    b) ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS
    1) Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
    2) Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).
    6.5.3) TREATMENT
    A) SUPPORT
    1) There is little or no overdose experience. Most human cases involved dermatitis where removal of the offending agent resolved the problem. If significant amounts were to be absorbed, liver enzymes should be monitored. Some of the bactericidal and fungicidal salts may be irritating and have a pH near 11.
    B) SEIZURE
    1) Seizures are unlikely. They have only been reported in animals exposed IP. If significant amounts (based on animal LD50 data) were absorbed, seizures may occur.
    2) SUMMARY
    a) Attempt initial control with a benzodiazepine (eg, diazepam, lorazepam). If seizures persist or recur, administer phenobarbital or propofol.
    b) Monitor for respiratory depression, hypotension, and dysrhythmias. Endotracheal intubation should be performed in patients with persistent seizures.
    c) Evaluate for hypoxia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoglycemia (or, if immediate bedside glucose testing is not available, treat with intravenous dextrose).
    3) DIAZEPAM
    a) ADULT DOSE: Initially 5 to 10 mg IV, OR 0.15 mg/kg IV up to 10 mg per dose up to a rate of 5 mg/minute; may be repeated every 5 to 20 minutes as needed (Brophy et al, 2012; Prod Info diazepam IM, IV injection, 2008; Manno, 2003).
    b) PEDIATRIC DOSE: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed (Loddenkemper & Goodkin, 2011; Hegenbarth & American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs, 2008).
    c) Monitor for hypotension, respiratory depression, and the need for endotracheal intubation. Consider a second agent if seizures persist or recur after repeated doses of diazepam .
    4) NO INTRAVENOUS ACCESS
    a) DIAZEPAM may be given rectally or intramuscularly (Manno, 2003). RECTAL DOSE: CHILD: Greater than 12 years: 0.2 mg/kg; 6 to 11 years: 0.3 mg/kg; 2 to 5 years: 0.5 mg/kg (Brophy et al, 2012).
    b) MIDAZOLAM has been used intramuscularly and intranasally, particularly in children when intravenous access has not been established. ADULT DOSE: 0.2 mg/kg IM, up to a maximum dose of 10 mg (Brophy et al, 2012). PEDIATRIC DOSE: INTRAMUSCULAR: 0.2 mg/kg IM, up to a maximum dose of 7 mg (Chamberlain et al, 1997) OR 10 mg IM (weight greater than 40 kg); 5 mg IM (weight 13 to 40 kg); INTRANASAL: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose (Loddenkemper & Goodkin, 2011; Brophy et al, 2012). BUCCAL midazolam, 10 mg, has been used in adolescents and older children (5-years-old or more) to control seizures when intravenous access was not established (Scott et al, 1999).
    5) LORAZEPAM
    a) MAXIMUM RATE: The rate of intravenous administration of lorazepam should not exceed 2 mg/min (Brophy et al, 2012; Prod Info lorazepam IM, IV injection, 2008).
    b) ADULT DOSE: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist (Manno, 2003; Brophy et al, 2012).
    c) PEDIATRIC DOSE: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue (Brophy et al, 2012; Loddenkemper & Goodkin, 2011; Hegenbarth & American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs, 2008; Sreenath et al, 2009; Chin et al, 2008).
    6) PHENOBARBITAL
    a) ADULT LOADING DOSE: 20 mg/kg IV at an infusion rate of 50 to 100 mg/minute IV. An additional 5 to 10 mg/kg dose may be given 10 minutes after loading infusion if seizures persist or recur (Brophy et al, 2012).
    b) Patients receiving high doses will require endotracheal intubation and may require vasopressor support (Brophy et al, 2012).
    c) PEDIATRIC LOADING DOSE: 20 mg/kg may be given as single or divided application (2 mg/kg/minute in children weighing less than 40 kg up to 100 mg/min in children weighing greater than 40 kg). A plasma concentration of about 20 mg/L will be achieved by this dose (Loddenkemper & Goodkin, 2011).
    d) REPEAT PEDIATRIC DOSE: Repeat doses of 5 to 20 mg/kg may be given every 15 to 20 minutes if seizures persist, with cardiorespiratory monitoring (Loddenkemper & Goodkin, 2011).
    e) MONITOR: For hypotension, respiratory depression, and the need for endotracheal intubation (Loddenkemper & Goodkin, 2011; Manno, 2003).
    f) SERUM CONCENTRATION MONITORING: Monitor serum concentrations over the next 12 to 24 hours. Therapeutic serum concentrations of phenobarbital range from 10 to 40 mcg/mL, although the optimal plasma concentration for some individuals may vary outside this range (Hvidberg & Dam, 1976; Choonara & Rane, 1990; AMA Department of Drugs, 1992).
    7) OTHER AGENTS
    a) If seizures persist after phenobarbital, propofol or pentobarbital infusion, or neuromuscular paralysis with general anesthesia (isoflurane) and continuous EEG monitoring should be considered (Manno, 2003). Other anticonvulsants can be considered (eg, valproate sodium, levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramate) if seizures persist or recur; however, there is very little data regarding their use in toxin induced seizures, controlled trials are not available to define the optimal dosage ranges for these agents in status epilepticus (Brophy et al, 2012):
    1) VALPROATE SODIUM: ADULT DOSE: An initial dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg IV, at a rate of 3 to 6 mg/kg/minute; may give an additional dose of 20 mg/kg 10 minutes after loading infusion. PEDIATRIC DOSE: 1.5 to 3 mg/kg/minute (Brophy et al, 2012).
    2) LEVETIRACETAM: ADULT DOSE: 1000 to 3000 mg IV, at a rate of 2 to 5 mg/kg/min IV. PEDIATRIC DOSE: 20 to 60 mg/kg IV (Brophy et al, 2012; Loddenkemper & Goodkin, 2011).
    3) LACOSAMIDE: ADULT DOSE: 200 to 400 mg IV; 200 mg IV over 15 minutes (Brophy et al, 2012). PEDIATRIC DOSE: In one study, median starting doses of 1.3 mg/kg/day and maintenance doses of 4.7 mg/kg/day were used in children 8 years and older (Loddenkemper & Goodkin, 2011).
    4) TOPIRAMATE: ADULT DOSE: 200 to 400 mg nasogastric/orally OR 300 to 1600 mg/day orally divided in 2 to 4 times daily (Brophy et al, 2012).

Eye Exposure

    6.8.1) DECONTAMINATION
    A) EYE IRRIGATION, ROUTINE: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, an ophthalmologic examination should be performed (Peate, 2007; Naradzay & Barish, 2006).

Dermal Exposure

    6.9.1) DECONTAMINATION
    A) DERMAL DECONTAMINATION
    1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
    6.9.2) TREATMENT
    A) SUPPORT
    1) There is little or no overdose experience. Most human cases involved dermatitis where removal of the offending agent resolved the problem. If significant amounts were to be absorbed, liver enzymes should be monitored. Some of the bactericidal and fungicidal salts may be irritating and have a pH near 11.
    B) DERMATITIS
    1) Usually discontinuation of exposure such as not wearing a specific garment is sufficient, but occasionally a topical steroid cream has been used (Joseph & Mibach, 1967).
    C) Treatment should include recommendations listed in the ORAL EXPOSURE section when appropriate.

Range Of Toxicity

Summary

    A) No human toxic dose has been established.
    B) The maximum tolerated dose in mice was approximately 931 mg/kg.

Maximum Tolerated Exposure

    A) ANIMAL DATA
    1) The maximum tolerated oral dose in mice for MBT was 931 mg/kg, and for HMBT was 357 mg/kg (Guess & O'Leary, 1969).

Workplace Standards

    A) ACGIH TLV Values for CAS149-30-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
    1) Not Listed

    B) NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS149-30-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
    1) Not Listed

    C) Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS149-30-4 :
    1) ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
    2) EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
    3) IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
    4) NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
    5) MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
    a) Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)
    6) NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

    D) OSHA PEL Values for CAS149-30-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
    1) Not Listed

Toxicity Information

    7.7.1) TOXICITY VALUES
    A) HMBT
    1) LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
    a) 1017 mg/kg (Guess & O'Leary, 1969)
    B) MBT
    1) LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
    a) 100 mg/kg (RTECS, 2002)
    2) LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
    a) 2000 mg/kg (Guess & O'Leary, 1969)
    b) 1158 mg/kg (RTECS, 2002)
    3) LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
    a) 300 mg/kg (RTECS, 2002)
    4) LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
    a) 100 mg/kg (RTECS, 2002)
    C) Sodium and Monoethanolamine Salts
    1) LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
    a) 2-4 g
    2) LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
    a) 2-4 g

Physicochemical

Physical Characteristics

    A) Light yellow leaflets or monoclinic needles with disagreeable odor (S Budavari , 2001).

Ph

    A) Aqueous solutions of sodium mercaptobenzothiazole are alkaline (Sittig, 1985).

Molecular Weight

    A) 167.25 (S Budavari , 2001)

References

General Bibliography

    1) 40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
    2) 40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
    3) 49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.
    4) 62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.
    5) 65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
    6) 65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
    7) 65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
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