ALLYL CHLORIDE

Allyl chloride is used as a chemical intermediate or raw material in the manufacture of epichlorhydrin, epoxy resin, glycerol, pesticides such as Cartap (Pandan), allyl alcohol, other allyl compounds (as used for production of varnishes, adhesives, glycerin, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, resins, plastics, and insecticides), and sodium allyl sulfonate (ACGIH, 1991; He et al, 1980; He & Zhang, 1985) Howard et al, 1996; (HSDB , 2000; ITI, 1995; Plunkett, 1976).
It is used in the production of barbiturate and hypnotic agents (such as aprobarbital, butalbital methohexital sodium, secobarbital, talbutal, and thiamyl sodium) (HSDB , 2000).

FORMS

Allyl chloride is a colorless, to yellowish brown, yellow, purple, red, or brown liquid which floats on water (Budavari, 2000; CHRIS , 2000; Harbison, 1998; NIOSH , 2000).

SOURCES

Allyl chloride is manufactured by chlorination of propylene at high temperatures (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000).
Allyl chloride is prepared from diphenylphosphite, allyl alcohol, and benzyl chloride (Budavari, 2000).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Allyl chloride is an eye, skin, throat and respiratory tract mucosa irritant. Eye contact can produce orbital/ocular pain, redness, conjunctivitis, photophobia, blurred vision and burns. Severe irritation with corneal injury can result in permanently impaired vision or blindness.

Brief contact with the skin can cause pain, redness, numbness and first-degree burns; longer exposure can cause second-degree burns. A "deep-bone ache" may occur several hours after skin contact. Allyl chloride is rapidly absorbed through the skin and can produce systemic effects.

Inhalation can produce a cough, sore throat, headache, dizziness, abdominal cramps, burning sensation, vomiting, labored breathing, and unconsciousness. Pulmonary hemorrhage and edema may result from exposure. Ingestion can result in abdominal pain and vomiting. Absorption through the respiratory tract can produce systemic effects.

Peripheral neuropathy, with weakness, numbness and paresthesia, as well as respiratory damage and impairment, mild hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity have occurred in chronically exposed workers.

Exposed experimental animals have developed severe liver and kidney injuries, pulmonary edema and hemorrhages, and peripheral neuropathies.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Direct eye contact may cause irritation, pain, and corneal injury which may result in permanent impairment of vision (Grant, 1986; ACGIH, 1991). Allyl chloride vapors cause conjunctival irritation with exposure to airborne concentrations between 50 and 100 ppm or greater. Photophobia and pain may occur (Grant, 1986; Hathaway et al, 1991). Corneal burns with reddening of the eyelids have been observed in men with intense vapor exposure (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

Irritation of the upper respiratory tract is common with vapor inhalation exposure (Finkel, 1983; Plunkett, 1976; ACGIH, 1991; Sax & Lewis, 1989) HSDB, 1997). Irritation may occur with exposure to airborne concentrations as low as 25 ppm or less (Finkel, 1983; Hathaway et al, 1991). Decreased maximum ventilation capacity has been observed in exposed female workers (Aleskerov, 1977).

Pulmonary edema and hemorrhages have been noted in experimental animals exposed to high vapor concentrations (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Plunkett, 1976; Hathaway et al, 1991). After a single 3-hour exposure to allyl chloride at an airborne concentration of 1 ppm, mice had increased mortality from experimentally-induced pulmonary streptococcal infection (Aranyi et al, 1986). In mice, single subcutaneous doses at or near the LD50 provoked hemorrhagic lung edema, kidney and liver damage, and testicular damage (Omura et al, 1993).

Headache, dizziness, and vertigo may occur with allyl chloride exposures (ITI, 1988; Plunkett, 1976) RTECS, 1997). Loss of consciousness can occur with exposure to high concentrations (Sax & Lewis, 1989). Peripheral neuropathies and tremors have been produced in experimental animals (He et al, 1980; He et al, 1981) RTECS, 1997).

Nausea and vomiting may occur (ITI, 1988; Plunkett, 1976). An odor of garlic on the breath is a common complaint (Clayton & Clayton, 1994). Exposed experimental animals have developed severe liver injury (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and hyperchloremia were observed among workers exposed to 6.4 to 140 mg/m(3) of allyl chloride (Alizade, 1976). Exposed experimental animals have developed severe kidney injury (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Hathaway et al, 1991).

Direct dermal exposure can produce skin irritation and a deep-seated "bone" pain at the site of exposure (ITI, 1985; (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Hathaway et al, 1991). Local vasoconstriction and numbness follow skin contact (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Putative metabolites of allyl chloride include epichlorohydrin, glycerol alpha-monochlorohydrin, allyl alcohol and acrolein. Of these, acrolein and epichlorohydrin, as well as allyl chloride, formed cross-links with neurofilament cytoskeletal proteins. This could be a possible mechanism for allyl chloride-induced central-peripheral distal axonopathy (He et al, 1995).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Workers with chronic inhalation exposure to allyl chloride have developed peripheral polyneuropathies, which improved with removal from exposure and relapsed with re-exposure in some cases (He et al, 1980) He & Zang, 1985). Reversible subclinical abnormalities of liver function tests and mild, reversible proteinuria and microscopic hematuria have also been reported (NIOSH, 1976) HSDB, 1997).

A cohort of 863 workers with exposure to epichlorohydrin (ECH) produced from allyl chloride were followed from 1948-1983 (Enterline et al, 1990). Workers estimated to have had higher-level exposures had greater cardiovascular standardized mortality rates.

Repeated or prolonged dermal exposure may cause severe skin burns (ACGIH, 1991).

In experimental animals, unsteady gait, peripheral neuropathy, axonal damage, flaccid paralysis, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity have been noted (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1991) HSDB, 1997).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS/ NOT RECOMMENDED

Due to the irritating properties of allyl chloride, emesis should not be induced.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver and kidneys (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; OSHA, 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

No human ingestions have been reported. Measures to prevent absorption might be beneficial in oral exposures, but due to the irritating properties of allyl chloride, induced emesis should be avoided.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
Evaluate carefully for signs of gastrointestinal tract irritation, and hepatic, renal, and peripheral nerve injury.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

LCLo (INHL) HUMAN - 3,000 ppm (RTECS , 2000)

ANIMAL DATA

2-hour lethal concentrations of 22.5 mg/L for rabbits and 10.5 mg/L for cats has been reported (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
There are reports of mortality to rats of an inhalation exposure as low as 300ppm. More recent studies show mortality did not occur until concentrations reached 1000ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

HUMAN DATA

Workers chronically exposed to allyl chloride air concentrations of 2.6 to 6,650 mg/m(3) for periods of 2.5 to 72 months developed peripheral neuropathies (He & Zhang, 1985).
Workers exposed to levels of allyl chloride vapors at 1 to 113 ppm for 16 months were found to have subclinical liver and renal function abnormalities which returned to normal after reducing the exposure level (NIOSH, 1976; HSDB , 2000).
Exposure to between 50 and 100 ppm of allyl chloride vapor causes eye irritation in humans (Clayton & Clayton, 1994) Grant & Schuman, 1996; (Hathaway et al, 1996; ITI, 1995).
Nasal irritation and airway discomfort are noted in humans exposed to allyl chloride vapors at concentrations less than 25 ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Finkel, 1983; Hathaway et al, 1996; ITI, 1995).
At the level of 250 ppm, it is considered immediately dangerous to life or health (HSDB , 2000).

ANIMAL DATA

Rats survived a single exposure to allyl chloride vapor at concentrations of 290 ppm for 3 hours, 2,900 ppm for 1 hour, and 29,300 ppm for 15 minutes. Guinea pigs survived exposure to allyl chloride vapors at concentrations of 290 ppm for 8 hours, 2,900 ppm for 3 hours, and 29,300 ppm for one-half hour (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000).
Rats and mice showed adverse-effects at 50 ppm given for 7 hours daily for 90 days (Hathaway et al, 1996).
Rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits chronically exposed 7 hours daily, for 1 month to 8 ppm of allyl chloride vapor survived but developed severe liver and kidney damage. In a similar exposure pattern to 3 ppm of allyl chloride vapor, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs survived exposures with no apparent ill effects in the animals except female rats, wherein slight reversible liver changes occurred (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Repeated oral doses of 0.015 mg/kg per day were initially noted not to cause any morphological changes in rats treated for 8 months, but subsequent reports showed changes in conditioned reflexes after 6 months at the same dose (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS107-05-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Allyl chloride

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Allyl chloride

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): C ; Listed as: Allyl chloride

C : Possible human carcinogen.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Allyl chloride

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Allyl chloride
MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Allyl chloride

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS107-05-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD:

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC: 1x10(-3) mg/m3

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Budavari, 2000 ITI, 1995 OHM/TADS, 2000 RTECS, 2000
- LC- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LC50- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)CAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TD- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

AMBIENT

1 mg/L = 320 ppm (at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
1 ppm = 3.13 mg/m(3) (at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS107-05-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Allyl chloride

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 1 ppm
TLV-STEL: 2 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Eye and URT irr; liver and kidney dam
Molecular Weight: 76.5

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

Additional information:

See Notice of Intended Changes; Adopted values enclosed in parentheses are those for which changes are proposed in the Notice of Intended Changes.

Notice of Intended Changes

Allyl chloride

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 1 ppm
TLV-STEL: 2 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Skin
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Eye and URT irr; liver and kidney dam
Molecular Weight: 76.5

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS107-05-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS107-05-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Allyl chloride
REL:

TWA: 1 ppm (3 mg/m(3))
STEL: 2 ppm (6 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 250 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS107-05-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Allyl chloride
Table Z-1 for Allyl chloride:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 1

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 3

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS107-05-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:1000

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS107-05-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Allyl chloride
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1000 (454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS107-05-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS107-05-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS107-05-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS107-05-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Allyl chloride
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS107-05-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS107-05-1 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1-Propene, 3-chloro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1100 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Allyl chloride

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1100
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3, 6.1

3: Flammable Liquid.
6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: T14, TP2, TP13

T14: Minimum test pressure (bar): 6; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 6 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): section 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 30 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1100 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Allyl chloride
UN Number: 1100

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS107-05-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Allyl Chloride
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 3

(3) Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 1

(1) Materials which are normally stable, but which can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures, or which may react with water with some release of energy, but not violently.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Handle allyl chloride with spark resistant tools (OHM/TADS , 2000).

It attacks some coatings, plastics, and rubber (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Do not handle leaking or broken containers without protective equipment (AAR, 1998).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store allyl chloride in steel containers since hydrogen chloride can be produced upon extended storage (OHM/TADS , 2000).
It corrodes cast iron, 18-8 stainless steel, monel, inconel, nickel, hastelloy ab, stoneware, and red brass at a rate of less than 0.02 inches per year (OHM/TADS , 2000).
It corrodes aluminum at a rate of greater than 0.05 inches per year (OHM/TADS , 2000).
It corrodes carbon steel appreciably in the presence of water (OHM/TADS , 2000).
It should be stored in an area with a pressure-vacuum type vent and protected from physical damage. Containers should be sealed during storage (HSDB , 2000).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a well-ventilated location away from ignition sources (OHM/TADS , 2000).
- Storing ally chloride outside or in a detached storage area is recommended. If it must be stored inside, use a warehouse, room, or cabinet made for standard flammable liquids (NFPA, 1997).
Store away from moisture and water since it can undergo hydrolysis in water to allyl alcohol and HCl (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Store away from heat and sunlight to avoid degradation (OHM/TADS , 2000).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

It corrodes cast iron, 18-8 stainless steel, monel, inconel, nickel, hastelloy ab, stoneware, and red brass at a rate of less than 0.02 inches per year (OHM/TADS , 2000).
It corrodes aluminum at a rate of greater than 0.05 inches per year (OHM/TADS , 2000).
It corrodes carbon steel appreciably in the presence of water (OHM/TADS , 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
It attacks some coatings, plastics, and rubber (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (NFPA, 1997).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 107-05-1.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 2

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 7
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 18.5
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 3

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 12
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 1.2
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 4

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.022
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.06
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.06
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): immediate
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.06
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.06
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.06
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Teflon Laminate

Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc.

Commander Ultrapro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 50
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 281000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Neoprene

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stanzoil/NL-34

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 8
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 31
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 16000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc. P. O. Box P.O. Box 278 McBee, SC 29101 USA Phone: (843) 335-8211 Fax: (843) 355-8599 Toll-Free: (843) 335-8211 Website: http://www.marmac.com Email: info@marmac.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
To avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products, approach the fire from upwind (NFPA, 1997).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS107-05-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Allyl Chloride
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

Allyl chloride may accumulate static electrical charges and ignite its vapors (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS107-05-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Allyl Chloride
Extinguishing Method(s): 5

5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.

Do not attempt to extinguish fire unless flow of allyl chloride can be stopped (AAR, 1998).

Water can be used in flooding quantities as fog and as cooling agent for containers of allyl chloride; however, solid streams of water may spread fire (AAR, 1998).

Use alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to fight fire (AAR, 1998).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

To avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products, approach the fire from upwind (NFPA, 1997).
Combustion products include corrosive or toxic vapors, including hydrogen chloride, and carbon monoxide (AAR, 1998; CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2000).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons (eg. benzene or toluene) by allyl chloride in the presence of ethylaluminum chlorides (trichlorotriethyl dialuminum, diethyl aluminum chloride, dichloroethyl aluminum, or ethylaluminum sesquichloride) can be very vigorous even at temperatures at or above -70 degrees C, and explosions have been reported (ITI, 1995) Lewis, 2000; (Urben, 1995).

Allyl chloride can polymerize upon exposure to heat and sunlight (due to degradation of the unsaturated bond) and cause fire or explosion (ILO, 1998; OHM/TADS , 2000).

Allyl chloride forms violently exothermic polymerization reactions with Lewis acids (e.g., aluminum chloride; boron trifluoride; or sulfuric acid) and metals (e.g., aluminum; magnesium; zinc; or galvanized metals) (Lewis, 2000).

Allyl chloride is incompatible with strong oxidizers, amines, iron chlorides, acids, aluminum chlorides, peroxides, magnesium, and zinc; fire or explosion can occur (ILO, 1998; NIOSH , 2000).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Combustion products include corrosive or poisonous gases, including hydrogen chloride, and carbon monoxide (AAR, 1998; CHRIS , 2000) HSDB, 1991; (NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2000).

Vapors ignited in an enclosed area may cause an explosion (CHRIS , 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Allyl chloride is incompatible with strong oxidizers, acids, peroxides, amines, iron chlorides, aluminum chlorides, magnesium, and zinc; fire or explosions can occur (ILO, 1998; NFPA, 1997; NIOSH , 2000).

Allyl chloride is incompatible with nitric acid, ethylene imine, ferric chloride, boron trifluoride, ethylenediamine, chlorosulfonic acid, and oleum (Lewis, 2000; (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

It is incompatible with dry sodium hydroxide; hydrolysis can occur producing allyl alcohol (HSDB , 2000) Lewis, 2000).

Allyl chloride slowly undergoes hydrolysis in water to allyl alcohol and hydrogen chloride.This reaction is inhibited by the compound's low solubility but accelerated by caustics (OHM/TADS , 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Allyl chloride can polymerize upon exposure to heat and sunlight (due to degradation of the unsaturated bond) and cause fire or explosions (ILO, 1998; OHM/TADS , 2000).

When stored, allyl chloride produces hydrogen chloride (OHM/TADS , 2000).

Friedel-Crafts alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons (eg. benzene or toluene) by allyl chloride in the presence of ethylaluminum chlorides (trichlorotriethyl dialuminum, diethyl aluminum chloride, dichloroethyl aluminum, or ethylaluminum sesquichloride) can be very vigorous even at temperatures at or above -70 degrees C, and explosions have been reported (ITI, 1995) Lewis, 2000; (Urben, 1995).

It decomposes to produce hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and carbon monoxide (ACGIH, 1991).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

Warn civil defense of potential explosion (OHM/TADS , 2000).

If fire involving allyl chloride becomes uncontrollable or a container of allyl chloride is exposed to a direct flame, consider evacuation of one-third mile radius. If allyl chloride is not on fire, consideration for evacuation of the downwind area should be based on amount of material spilled, location and weather conditions (AAR, 1998).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS107-05-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Allyl Chloride
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): 3
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 40
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 300
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS107-05-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Allyl chloride
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 1
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 2.8
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 54
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 140
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS107-05-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Allyl chloride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 2.8 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 2.8 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 2.8 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 2.8 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 2.8 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Allyl chloride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 69 ppm
mg/m3: 220 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 69 ppm
mg/m3: 220 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 54 ppm
mg/m3: 170 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 34 ppm
mg/m3: 110 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 22 ppm
mg/m3: 69 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Allyl chloride
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 180 ppm
mg/m3: 560 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 180 ppm
mg/m3: 560 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 140 ppm
mg/m3: 440 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 90 ppm
mg/m3: 280 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 60 ppm
mg/m3: 190 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS107-05-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 250 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Water spray can be used to disperse vapors and to dilute standing pools of allyl chloride; although, direct contact with water can generate hydrogen chloride (AAR, 1998; OHM/TADS , 2000).
"Universal" gelling agents can be applied to immobilize land spills and to solidify an encircled water spill (AAR, 1998).
If allyl chloride is spilled in water and dissolved in 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount (AAR, 1998).
Mechanical dredges or lifts can be used to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates in case of water spill (AAR, 1998).
Activated carbon or peat may be used to absorb allyl chloride in the event of land spill (OHM/TADS , 2000).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
Sodium bicarbonate or lime can be used to neutralize hydrogen chloride, generated by direct contact with water (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Absorb spilled allyl chloride on paper towels; allow sufficient time for evaporation in a fume hood and clearing the ductwork; then burn paper in suitable location (HSDB , 2000).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
Line/seal pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas with an impermeable flexible membrane liner for large land spills (HSDB , 2000).
Absorb with fly ash, cement powder, or other commercial absorbents for large land spills (HSDB , 2000).
Unless the sewer is designed to prevent the buildup of explosive concentrations, do not dispose allyl chloride in the sewer. Confined spaces increase the risk of explosions (HSDB , 2000; Sittig, 1991).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Small amounts of allyl chloride can be hydrolyzed by hot sodium hydroxide solution (HSDB , 2000).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Allyl chloride may be disposed of by fragmenting allyl chloride into atoms in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an effluent gas cleaning device (HSDB , 2000).
It may be disposed of by pouring onto vermiculite, sodium bicarbonate, or a sand-soda ash (90-10) mixture, placing in incinerator, covering with scrap wood and paper, followed by igniting with excelsior train or dumping in closed incinerator with afterburner (OHM/TADS , 2000).
It may be disposed of by dissolving in flammable solvent followed by spraying in incinerator firebox equipped with afterburner and alkali scrubber (OHM/TADS , 2000).
Incineration should be done at a temperature of 1800 degrees F for at least 2 seconds (Sittig, 1991).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Allyl chloride is harmful to aquatic life at very low concentrations and is dangerous if it enters water intakes. Local health and wildlife officials and nearby water intake operators should be notified if the water becomes contaminated (CHRIS , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Allyl chloride released into the atmosphere rapidly degrades by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (91% loss per 12 hour sunlight day) with chloroacetaldehyde as the expected product, and by reaction with ozone (half-life of 9 hours) (HSDB , 2000).
Allyl chloride is reactive in the atmosphere and will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (91% loss per 12 hour sunlight day) as well as by reaction with ozone (half-life of 9 hours) which is produced in photochemical smog situations (HSDB , 2000).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- In aqueous wastes, low concentrations of allyl chloride are slowly converted to allyl alcohol. Allyl alcohol is then biodegraded in sewage treatment plants (HSDB , 2000).
- It volatilizes rapidly and hydrolyzes from ground water (HSDB , 2000).
- Volitilization in lakes takes longer than in a typical river (half-life 2.6 hours).
- In water at 25 degrees C, the half-life is 7.2 days.
- Since it hydrolyzes from ground water (half-life of 7 days), it is not expected to persist (HSDB , 2000).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Allyl chloride is volatilized very rapidly in dry soil (HSDB , 2000).

BIODEGRADATION

In aqueous wastes, low concentrations of allyl chloride are slowly converted to allyl alcohol. Allyl alcohol is then biodegraded in sewage treatment plants (HSDB , 2000).

In a standard biodegradability test, 14% of the theoretical BOD was achieved in 5 days using a nonacclimated sewage seed, and 25% of the theoretical BOD was achieved in 5 days using an acclimated sewage seed (HSDB , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Aquatic toxicity

TLM - BLUEGILL: 42 ppm for 96H -- in temperature controlled test environment (OHM/TADS, 2000)
TLM - FATHEAD MINNOW: 24 ppm for 96H -- in temperature controlled test environment
(OHM/TADS, 2000)
TLM - GOLDFISH: 22 ppm for 96H -- in temperature controlled test environment (OHM/TADS, 2000)
TLM - GUPPY: 48 ppm for 96H -- in temperature controlled test environment (OHM/TADS, 2000)
TLM - SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW: 2.4 ppm for 96H -- in static test environment (OHM/TADS, 2000)
LD50 - FATHEAD MINNOW: 19.8 to 24 mg/L (CHRIS, 2000)
LD50 - GOLDFISH: 20.9 mg/L (CHRIS, 2000)
LD50 - SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW: 2.4 mg/L (CHRIS, 2000)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

76.53

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Allyl chloride is a colorless to yellowish-brown, yellow, purple, red, or brown liquid which floats on water (CHRIS , 2000; Harbison, 1998; NIOSH , 2000).

It has an unpleasant, sharp, pungent, irritating odor sometimes described as similar to that of garlic (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2000; CHRIS , 2000).

VAPOR PRESSURE

180 mmHg (at 7.5 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2000)

294 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2000)

295 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

361 mmHg (HSDB , 2000)

368 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

39.3 kPa (ILO, 1998)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 0.9376 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

VAPOR/GAS: 2.6 (CHRIS , 2000)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.938 g/mL (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

7.8 lb/gal (AAR, 1998)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-134.5 degrees C; -210.1 degrees F; 138.7 K (CHRIS , 2000; Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

MELTING POINT

-134 degrees C; -209 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)
-134.5 degrees C (Budavari, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000)
-136.4 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)

BOILING POINT

44-45 degrees C (Budavari, 2000)

44.6 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994) Lewis, 2000)

45 degrees C; 113 degrees F; 318 K (CHRIS , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000)

FLASH POINT

-29 degrees C; -20 degrees F (closed cup) (CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997)

-31.7 degrees C; -25 degrees F (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000)

-28.9 degrees C (open cup) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 2000)

-32 degrees C; -25 degrees F (Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

905 degrees F (Lewis, 2000)

392 degrees C; 737 degrees F (CHRIS , 2000; NFPA, 1997)

391 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

390 degrees C (ILO, 1998)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

2.9% (Lewis, 2000; (Sittig, 1991)
3.3% (OHM/TADS , 2000)

UPPER

11% (Sittig, 1991)
11.2% (Lewis, 2000)
11.9% (OHM/TADS , 2000)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Allyl chloride is slightly soluble in water (Budavari, 2000).
0.36% in water (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)
3000 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2000)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Allyl chloride is miscible with oxygenated and chlorinated solvents (e.g. alcohol, chloroform, ether, and petroleum ether) (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1997).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = -0.24 (HSDB , 2000)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

0.44 (HSDB , 2000)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

171 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2000)

5-9 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2000)

MASS

90 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2000)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SURFACE TENSION

0.0289 N/m (at 15 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)
estimated at 28.9 dynes/cm; 0.0289 N/m (at 15 degrees C) (CHRIS , 2000)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

690 psia; 47 atm; 4.8 MN/m(2) (CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

241 degrees C; 466 degrees F; 514 K (CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-9749 Btu/lb; -5416 cal/g; -226.8x10(5) J/kg (CHRIS , 2000)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

10.05 eV (NIOSH , 2000)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

7833 (Sadtler Research Laboratoies Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2000)

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ALLYL CHLORIDE

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents