LITHIUM HYDRIDE

Lithium hydride is used as a desiccant, condensing agent for acid esters and ketones, reducing agent, and in hydrogen generators. It is also used to prepare double hydrides used in nuclear shielding materials.
Other uses are in the manufacture of electronic tubes, ceramics, chemical synthesis, and (reportedly) in thermonuclear weapons (ACGIH, 1991; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Budavari, 1989; Sittig, 1985).

FORMS

The pure material is white, translucent, cubic crystals which darken rapidly upon exposure to light (Budavari, 1989; ACGIH, 1991).
The commercial form is usually gray, and is available in grades of purity ranging from 93 to 95 percent (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987; HSDB , 1995).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Lithium hydride is used as a desiccant, condensing agent for acid esters and ketones, reducing agent, and in hydrogen generators. It is also used to prepare double hydrides used in nuclear shielding materials. Other uses include manufacture of electronic tubes, ceramics, chemical synthesis, and (reportedly) in thermonuclear weapons.

PHARMACOLOGY: As an alkaline corrosive, lithium hydride may cause liquefaction necrosis. It can saponify the fats in the cell membrane, destroying the cell and allowing deep penetration into mucosal tissue. In gastrointestinal tissue, an initial inflammatory phase may be followed by tissue necrosis (sometimes resulting in perforation), then granulation and finally stricture formation.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure is unusual; lithium hydride is generally available for industrial use only.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

Limited data regarding specific human toxicity following lithium hydride exposure is available. The following effects could be expected to occur, based on exposure data of other alkaline corrosives.
MILD TO MODERATE ORAL TOXICITY: Patients with mild ingestions may only develop irritation or grade I (superficial hyperemia and edema) burns of the oropharynx, esophagus or stomach; acute or chronic complications are unlikely. Patients with moderate toxicity may develop grade II burns (superficial blisters, erosions and ulcerations) and are at risk for subsequent stricture formation, particularly esophageal. Some patients (particularly young children) may develop upper airway edema.

Alkaline corrosive ingestion may produce burns to the oropharynx, upper airway, esophagus and occasionally stomach. Spontaneous vomiting may occur. The absence of visible oral burns does NOT reliably exclude the presence of esophageal burns. The presence of stridor, vomiting, drooling, and abdominal pain are associated with serious esophageal injury in most cases.
PREDICTIVE: The grade of mucosal injury at endoscopy is the strongest predictive factor for the occurrence of systemic and GI complications and mortality.

SEVERE ORAL TOXICITY: May develop deep burns and necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Complications often include perforation (esophageal, gastric, rarely duodenal), fistula formation (tracheoesophageal, aortoesophageal), and gastrointestinal bleeding. Upper airway edema is common and often life threatening. Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea and, rarely, fever may develop. Stricture formation (esophageal, less often oral or gastric) is likely to develop long term. Esophageal carcinoma is another long term complication. Severe toxicity is generally limited to deliberate ingestions in adults in the US, because alkaline products available in the home are generally of low concentration.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Mild exposure may cause cough and bronchospasm. Severe inhalation may cause upper airway edema and burns, stridor, and rarely acute lung injury.
OCULAR EXPOSURE: Ocular exposure can produce severe conjunctival irritation and chemosis, corneal epithelial defects, limbal ischemia, permanent visual loss and in severe cases perforation.
DERMAL EXPOSURE: Mild exposure causes irritation and partial thickness burns. Prolonged exposure or high concentration products can cause full thickness burns.
LITHIUM TOXICITY: Absorption of lithium ion may occur, potentially resulting in lithium toxicity. This management includes information on lithium toxicity should sufficient lithium ion be absorbed to cause systemic effects.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death.
May produce corrosive solutions on contact with water.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

GENERAL

The primary toxic effects of lithium hydride are due to its alkalinity. Vigorously decontaminate affected areas. Treat burns as alkaline and possibly thermal burns. There are no reported cases of systemic lithium toxicity from lithium hydride exposure.

ORAL EXPOSURE

MUCOSAL DECONTAMINATION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. The exact ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting. Patients should not be forced to drink after ingestion of an acid, nor should they be allowed to drink larger volumes since this may induce vomiting, and thereby re-exposure of the injured tissues to the corrosive acid. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion.
GASTRIC DECONTAMINATION: Ipecac contraindicated. Activated charcoal is not recommended as it may interfere with endoscopy and will not reduce injury to GI mucosa. Consider insertion of a small, flexible nasogastric or orogastric tube to suction gastric contents after recent large ingestion of a strong acid; the risk of further mucosal injury or iatrogenic esophageal perforation must be weighed against potential benefits of removing any remaining acid from the stomach.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, wipe from skin immediately; flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.
Even small quantities may cause caustic burns.

CASE REPORTS

The explosion of a cylinder of lithium hydride resulted in eye contact and swallowing of a small amount of the dust by a technician. The resulting burns caused scarring of both corneas and strictures of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and esophagus; death occurred 10 months later (Hathaway et al, 1991).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

OCCUPATIONAL

Workers readily adapt to 0.05 mg/m(3) (ACGIH, 1991).

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

The maximum tolerable concentration of lithium hydride in air for brief periods is reported to be 0.5 mg/m(3) (ACGIH, 1991).
Concentrations in the range of 0.025 to 0.1 mg/m(3) caused some nasal irritation; tolerance was acquired with continuous exposure (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Severe nasal irritation, cough, and some eye irritation occurred at 0.025 to 0.1 mg/m(3) (Hathaway et al, 1991).
Severe effects and skin irritation were noted in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 mg/m(3) (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Almost any quantity would be expected to cause burns when placed on mucous membranes.

ANIMAL DATA

All exposures of mice, rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs limited to either single, 4-hour periods or small multiples thereof, and air concentrations of from 5 to 55 mg/m(3) were intensely irritating and caused coughing and sneezing, inflammation of the conjunctiva, partial sloughing of the mucosal epithelium of trachea, and some pulmonary emphysema, believed to be secondary to dyspnea and coughing (ACGIH, 1991).
No mortality occurred as a result of any level of exposure. No chronic responses were noted up to 5 months, the length of the post-exposure observation period (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
Inhalation levels in excess of 10 mg/m(3) eroded the body fur and skin on the legs of test animals and produced severe inflammation and ulceration of the eyes on occasion, as well as destruction of the external nasal septum (ACGIH, 1991).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7580-67-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Lithium hydride
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Lithium hydride
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Lithium hydride
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7580-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS,1995
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7580-67-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Lithium hydride

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.025 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Skin, eye, and URT irr
Molecular Weight: 7.95

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

Under Study

Lithium hydride

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s):
Molecular Weight:

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7580-67-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7580-67-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Lithium hydride
REL:

TWA: 0.025 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 0.5 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7580-67-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Lithium hydride
Table Z-1 for Lithium hydride:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 0.025

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7580-67-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7580-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7580-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7580-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7580-67-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Lithium Hydride
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): a

a: This material is a reactive solid. The TPQ does not default to 10,000 pounds for non-powder, non-molten, non-solution form.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7580-67-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7580-67-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7580-67-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Lithium hydride (LiH)

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1414 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Lithium hydride

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.3

4.3: Dangerous when wet material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1414
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.3

4.3: Dangerous When Wet.

Special Provisions: A19, N40

A19: Combination packagings consisting of outer fiber drums or plywood drums, with inner plastic packagings, are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
N40: This material is not authorized in the following packagings: a. A combination packaging consisting of a 4G fiberboard box with inner receptacles of glass or earthenware; b. A single packaging of a 4C2 sift-proof, natural wood box; or c. A composite packaging 6PG2 (glass, porcelain or stoneware receptacles within a fiberboard box).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 211
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: 15 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 52

52: Stow "separated from" acids.

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2805 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Lithium hydride, fused solid

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 4.3

4.3: Dangerous when wet material. See 49 CFR section 173.124 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2805
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 4.3

4.3: Dangerous When Wet.

Special Provisions: A8, A19, A20, IB4, T3, TP33

A8: For combination packagings, if glass inner packagings (including ampoules) are used, they must be packed with cushioning material in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
A19: Combination packagings consisting of outer fiber drums or plywood drums, with inner plastic packagings, are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
A20: Plastic bags as inner receptacles of combination packagings are not authorized for transportation by aircraft.
IB4: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N).
T3: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 151
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 241

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 15 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 50 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 52

52: Stow "separated from" acids.

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1414 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Lithium hydride
UN Number: 1414

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2805 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Lithium hydride, fused solid
UN Number: 2805

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7580-67-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Lithium hydride is pyrophoric and should be maintained and handled out of contact with air and moisture (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material (NFPA, 1991).

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a cool, well-ventilated location (NFPA, 1991).
Must be stored in a dry location (NFPA, 1991).
Building must be well ventilated and constructed to eliminate pocketing of gases (HSDB , 1995).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7580-67-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- Produce flammable gases on contact with water.
- May ignite on contact with water or moist air.
- Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water.
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
- Some are transported in highly flammable liquids.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
The powder ignites spontaneously in air. The solid can ignite spontaneously in moist air (Sax & Lewis, 1989).
Lithium hydride ignites on contact with dinitrogen oxide, and oxygen + moisture (Sax & Lewis, 1989).
Spontaneous ignition occurs when nitrous oxide and lithium hydride are mixed (HSDB , 1992).
Lithium hydride may ignite combustible materials if they are damp (CHRIS, 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7580-67-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT USE WATER or FOAM.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime or withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

LITHIUM OR MAGNESIUM FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Magnesium Fires:

DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder or Met-L-X® powder.

Lithium Fires:

DRY sand, sodium chloride powder, graphite powder, copper powder or Lith-X® powder.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7580-67-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Do NOT use carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. Do NOT use water; a violent reaction may result (NFPA, 1991).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Combustion may produce irritants and toxic gases, including irritating alkali fumes (NFPA, 1991) CHRIS, 1992).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Mixtures of lithium hydride powder with liquid oxygen are explosive (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Combustion may produce irritants and toxic gases, including irritating alkali fumes (NFPA, 1991) CHRIS, 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Lithium hydride is incompatible with strong oxidizers, halogenated hydrocarbons, acids, and water (NIOSH, 1995).

Lithium hydride rapidly decomposes in water to form lithium hydroxide, a corrosive material, and hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat of this reaction may be sufficient to ignite the hydrogen (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

One gram of lithium hydride in water liberates 2.8 liters of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure (Budavari, 1989).

Lithium hydride may ignite combustible materials if they are damp (CHRIS , 1995).

Lithium hydride reacts with the lower alcohols, carboxylic acids, chlorine, and ammonia at 400 degrees C to liberate hydrogen (Budavari, 1989).

Combustion may produce irritants and toxic gases, including irritating alkali fumes (NFPA, 1991; CHRIS , 1995).

The powder ignites spontaneously in air. The solid can ignite spontaneously in moist air (Lewis, 1992).

Lithium hydride ignites on contact with dinitrogen oxide, and oxygen plus moisture (Lewis, 1992).

Spontaneous ignition occurs when nitrous oxide and lithium hydride are mixed (HSDB , 1995).

Mixtures of lithium hydride powder with liquid oxygen are explosive (Lewis, 1992).

See also the Fire Hazard and Explosion Hazard Sections.

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate the area before entry.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7580-67-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Lithium Hydride
ERPG-1 (units = mcg/m3): 25
ERPG-2 (units = mcg/m3): 100
ERPG-3 (units = mcg/m3): 500
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: Yes
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7580-67-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Lithium hydride
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.025
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.025
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 0.1
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 0.5
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7580-67-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7580-67-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 0.5 mg/m3
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
POWDER SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry.
- DO NOT CLEAN-UP OR DISPOSE OF, EXCEPT UNDER SUPERVISION OF A SPECIALIST.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
No information on disposal guidelines for lithium hydride was found in available references at the time of this review.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 138 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Dike for later disposal; do not apply water unless directed to do so.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

This compound may be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Notify local health and wildlife officials as well as operators of nearby water intakes (CHRIS, 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- Food chain concentration potential: None (CHRIS, 1992)

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

The effect of low concentrations of lithium hydride on aquatic life is unknown (CHRIS, 1992).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

7.95 (Budavari, 1989)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

White, translucent, cubic crystals or powder; darkens rapidly on exposure to light. The compound is odorless. The commercial product is usually gray or bluish-gray (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 1989) CHRIS, 1992; (Sax & Lewis, 1989). Lithium hydride is hygroscopic and pyrophoric (HSDB , 1995). Lithium hydride decomposes to produce lithium hydroxide and hydrogen (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

When dissolved in water, lithium hydride decomposes to lithium hydroxide. The pH of a 1.0 N lithium hydroxide solution is 14 (Budavari, 1989).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

0.7 mmHg (at 500 degrees C) (decomposition pressure) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

760 mmHg (at approximately 850 degrees C) (decomposition pressure) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.76 to 0.77 g/cm(3) (Budavari, 1989)
0.82 g/cm(3) (pure) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

680 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

FLASH POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

200 degrees C; 392 degrees F (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 1995)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Soluble in ether. Insoluble in benzene and toluene (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

OTHER

Slightly soluble in acid (HSDB , 1995).
No known solvent (Budavari, 1989).

OTHER/PHYSICAL

DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE

500-850 degrees C (approximately) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

-REFERENCES

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40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

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62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents