LATANOPROST AND RELATED AGENTS
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
-IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
AGN-192024 Bimatoprostum CAS 155206-00-1 Latanoprosti PhXA41 XA-41 CAS 130209-82-4 AFP-168 DE-085 MK-2452 Tafluprostum CAS 209860-87-7 AL-6221 Travoprosti Travoprostum CAS 157283-68-6 Isopropyl Lunoprostone Isopropyl Unoprostone UF-021 Unoprostona de isopropilo CAS 120373-36-6 (unoprostone) CAS 120373-24-2 (unoprostone isopropyl)
AGN-192024 Bimatoprostum CAS 155206-00-1
Latanoprosti PhXA41 XA-41 CAS 130209-82-4
AFP-168 DE-085 MK-2452 Tafluprostum CAS 209860-87-7
AL-6221 Travoprosti Travoprostum CAS 157283-68-6
Isopropyl Lunoprostone Isopropyl Unoprostone UF-021 Unoprostona de isopropilo CAS 120373-36-6 (unoprostone) CAS 120373-24-2 (unoprostone isopropyl)
IDENTIFIERS
LATANOPROST: C26H40O5 TAFLUPROST: C25H34F2O5 TRAVOPROST: C26H35F3O6
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Bimatoprost, latanoprost, tafluprost, and travoprost are indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma (Prod Info ZIOPTAN(TM) ophthalmic solution, 2012; Prod Info TRAVATAN(R) ophthalmic solution, 2011; Prod Info LUMIGAN(R) ophthalmic solution, 2010; Prod Info Xalatan(R) ophthalmic solution, 2009). Bimatoprost 0.03% ophthalmic solution (Latisse(R)) is also indicated for the treatment of hypotrichosis of the eyelashes (Prod Info LATISSE(R) ophthalmic solution, 2009). COMBINATION PRODUCTS: Bimatoprost or travoprost in combination with timolol are used to reduce intraocular pressure in adult patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who are insufficiently responsive to topical beta-blockers or prostaglandin analogues (Prod Info DuoTrav ophthalmic solution, 2012; Prod Info GANFORT ophthalmic solution, 2011). Unoprostone was used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension (Prod Info RESCULA(R) ophthalmic solution, 2001). Unoprostone is no longer available in the United States.
Bimatoprost is available as 0.01% and 0.03% ophthalmic solutions (Prod Info LUMIGAN(R) ophthalmic solution, 2010; Prod Info LATISSE(R) ophthalmic solution, 2009). COMBINATION PRODUCTS: Bimatoprost 0.3 mg/mL/timolol 5 mg/mL (as 6.8 mg of timolol maleate) and travoprost 40 mcg/mL/timolol 5 mg/mL (as timolol maleate) combinations are available as ophthalmic solution (Prod Info GANFORT ophthalmic solution, 2011; Prod Info DuoTrav ophthalmic solution, 2012). Latanoprost is available as 0.005% (50 mcg/mL) ophthalmic solution (Prod Info Xalatan(R) ophthalmic solution, 2009). Tafluprost is available as 0.015 mg/mL ophthalmic solution. Each single-use container has 0.3 mL solution with 0.0045 mg tafluprost (Prod Info ZIOPTAN(TM) ophthalmic solution, 2012). Travoprost is available as 0.004% (0.04 mg/mL) ophthalmic solution (Prod Info TRAVATAN(R) ophthalmic solution, 2011). Unoprostone is no longer available in the United States.
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- USES: Bimatoprost, latanoprost, tafluprost, travoprost, bimatoprost/timolol and travoprost/timolol are indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma. Bimatoprost 0.03% ophthalmic solution (Latisse(R)) is also indicated for the treatment of hypotrichosis of the eyelashes. Refer to BETA-BLOCKING AGENTS management for more information about timolol.
- PHARMACOLOGY: These agents are prostaglandin analogs and selective FP prostanoid receptor agonist. Latanoprost, tafluprost, and travoprost reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Bimatoprost lowers IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through both the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral drainage systems. The exact mechanism of action for bimatoprost in stimulating eyelash growth is unknown; it may work by increasing the duration and the percentage of hairs in the anagen or growth phase.
- EPIDEMIOLOGY: Overdose is rare.
Overdose data are limited. The risk of toxicity from inadvertent ingestion is low because the amount contained in the bottles of ophthalmic solution is small. LATANOPROST: There are no reports of ingestion or ocular administration of large doses of latanoprost in humans. No adverse effects were reported after intravenous infusion of up to 3 mcg/kg (produced greater than 200 times therapeutic plasma level) in healthy volunteers. Intravenous doses of 5.5 to 10 mcg/kg in healthy volunteers caused abdominal pain, dizziness, fatigue, hot flashes, nausea, and sweating. However, latanoprost is only available as ophthalmic solutions.
The following ocular effects have been reported in patients using the ophthalmic products: Conjunctival hyperemia, iris pigmentation, abnormal vision, blurred vision, allergic conjunctivitis, eye discharge, tearing, photophobia, ocular dryness, visual disturbance, burning, eye pain, blepharitis, cataracts, superficial punctate keratitis, eyelid erythema, pruritus, conjunctival edema, and macular edema. Punctate epithelial keratopathy, ocular hypotony, choroidal effusions, and dendritiform epitheliopathy were reported with latanoprost. OTHER EFFECTS: Bimatoprost: Elevated liver enzymes, headache, asthenia. Latanoprost: Chest pain and/or angina, muscle, joint and back pain, dizziness, headache. Travoprost: Hypertension, chest pain and/or angina, bradycardia, headache. Tafluprost: headache.
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
-FIRST AID
FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT
- Although these agents have not been associated with oral toxicity, inadvertent ingestion of the ophthalmic solution may occur. Due to limited expected toxicity, gastrointestinal decontamination is not routinely recommended. Since the amounts of active ingredient available in ophthalmic solutions are very small, acute overdose in adults is unlikely to result in clinically significant adverse events. OCULAR: Flush eyes with copious amounts of water; if symptoms persist an eye exam may be indicated.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
- LATANOPROST: A lethal dose of latanoprost has not been determined.
- UNOPROSTONE: A toxic dose has not been established. The risk of adverse effects due to accidental oral ingestion is considered low due to the amount of active ingredient in each bottle (7.5 mg in a 7.5 mL bottle) (Prod Info Rescula(R), 2001).
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
- LATANOPROST: Intravenous doses of 5.5 to 10 mcg/kg in healthy volunteers caused abdominal pain, dizziness, fatigue, hot flashes, nausea, and sweating. No adverse effects were reported after intravenous infusion of up to 3 mcg/kg (produced greater than 200 times therapeutic plasma level) in healthy volunteers (Prod Info Xalatan(R) ophthalmic solution, 2009).
- The largest dose of latanoprost reported is 4 mcg/day (based on twice daily administration of a 0.006% solution) (Nagasubramanian et al, 1993).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS130209-82-4 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS130209-82-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS130209-82-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS130209-82-4 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS130209-82-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS130209-82-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS130209-82-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS130209-82-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS130209-82-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS130209-82-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS130209-82-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS130209-82-4 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS130209-82-4 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS130209-82-4 (EPA, 2005):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS130209-82-4 (NFPA, 2002):
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 130209-82-4.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS130209-82-4 (NFPA, 2002):
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS130209-82-4 (NFPA, 2002):
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS130209-82-4 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS130209-82-4 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
- AEGL Values for CAS130209-82-4 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; 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62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS130209-82-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
- LATANOPROST: 432.58 (Prod Info Xalatan(R) ophthalmic solution, 2012)
- TAFLUPROST: 452.53 (Prod Info ZIOPTAN(TM) ophthalmic solution, 2012)
- TRAVOPROST: 500.55 (Prod Info IZBA ophthalmic solution, 2014)
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- LATANOPROST: colorless to slightly yellow oil; very soluble in acetonitrile; freely soluble in acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, methanol, and octanol; and practically insoluble in water. The ophthalmic solution has an osmolality of approximately 267 milliosmoles/kg (Prod Info Xalatan(R) ophthalmic solution, 2012).
- TAFLUPROST: colorless to light yellow viscous liquid, practically insoluble in water. The ophthalmic solution has an osmolality of 260 to 300 milliosmoles/kg (Prod Info ZIOPTAN(TM) ophthalmic solution, 2012).
- TRAVOPROST: clear, colorless to slightly yellow oil; very soluble in acetonitrile, in chloroform, in methanol, and in octanol; and practically insoluble in water. The ophthalmic solution has an osmolality of approximately 290 milliosmoles/kg (Prod Info IZBA ophthalmic solution, 2014; Prod Info TRAVATAN(R) ophthalmic solution, 2011).
PH
- LATANOPROST: approximately 6.7 (ophthalmic solution) (Prod Info Xalatan(R) ophthalmic solution, 2012)
- TAFLUPROST: 5.5 to 6.7 (ophthalmic solution) (Prod Info ZIOPTAN(TM) ophthalmic solution, 2012)
- TRAVOPROST: approximately 6.8 (ophthalmic solution 0.003%) (Prod Info IZBA ophthalmic solution, 2014); approximately 6 (ophthalmic solution 0.004%) (Prod Info TRAVATAN(R) ophthalmic solution, 2011)
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