ISOPROPYLAMINE

Isopropylamine is used in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, rubber chemicals, textile processing agents and other surface active agents (Harbison, 1998) Hathaway, 1995; (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; Sittig, 1991).
It is used as a purifying agent in the manufacture of medicinals, particularly penicillin and streptomycin (HSDB , 2002).
It is also used as a solvent, depilatory agent and as solubilizer for 2,4-D (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 1997).
It finds use as a chemical intermediate in the production of the triazine herbicides Prometone, Prometryne, Propazine and Sancap, and in the production of isopropyl alcohol (HSDB , 2002).
It is one of the components of synthetic fermented egg protein products. These products are used to attract coyotes and to repel deer (HSDB , 2002).
It is the chemical initiator for the anti-protozoal drug chlorguanide, which acts on the asexual blood forms of certain strains of Plasmodium (HSDB , 2002).

FORMS

Isopropylamine is a colorless, flammable liquid with a strong ammonia-like odor (Budavari, 2000; NFPA, 1997).
It is available commercially in an anhydrous form or as a 70% solution in water (Ashford, 1994; HSDB , 2002).
It is also available as technical grade or at 99.0% purity (CHRIS , 2001).

SOURCES

Isopropylamine is produced through the following methods:

Reaction between isopropyl alcohol and ammonia, in the presence of a dehydrating catalyst (co- produced with diisopropylamine) (Ashford, 1994; HSDB, 2002);
Reaction between acetone and ammonia under pressure (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1997);
Reaction between isopropyl chloride and ammonia under pressure (Bingham et al, 2001);
Derived from acetone oxime (Budavari, 2000).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Isopropylamine, an alkyl amine, is considered corrosive and is used in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, rubber chemicals, textile processing agents and other surface active agents.

TOXICOLOGY: Isopropylamine may cause liquefaction necrosis. It can saponify the fats in the cell membrane, destroying the cell and allowing deep penetration into mucosal tissue. In gastrointestinal tissue, an initial inflammatory phase may be followed by tissue necrosis (sometimes resulting in perforation), then granulation and finally stricture formation.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Isopropylamine is generally available for industrial use only. Exposure is unusual.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

Isopropylamine is considered to be an alkaline corrosive. Although there is limited information regarding specific human toxicity following exposure, the following effects may occur, based on documented human exposures with other alkaline corrosives.
MILD TO MODERATE ORAL TOXICITY: Patients with mild ingestions may only develop irritation or grade I (superficial hyperemia and edema) burns of the oropharynx, esophagus or stomach; acute or chronic complications are unlikely. Patients with moderate toxicity may develop grade II burns (superficial blisters, erosions and ulcerations) and are at risk for subsequent stricture formation, particularly esophageal. Some patients (particularly young children) may develop upper airway edema.

Alkaline corrosive ingestion may produce burns to the oropharynx, upper airway, esophagus and occasionally stomach. Spontaneous vomiting may occur. The absence of visible oral burns does NOT reliably exclude the presence of esophageal burns. The presence of stridor, vomiting, drooling, and abdominal pain are associated with serious esophageal injury in most cases.
PREDICTIVE: The grade of mucosal injury at endoscopy is the strongest predictive factor for the occurrence of systemic and GI complications and mortality.

SEVERE ORAL TOXICITY: May develop deep burns and necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Complications often include perforation (esophageal, gastric, rarely duodenal), fistula formation (tracheoesophageal, aortoesophageal), and gastrointestinal bleeding. Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea and, rarely, fever may develop. Stricture formation (esophageal, less often oral or gastric) is likely to develop long term. Esophageal carcinoma is another long term complication. Upper airway edema is common and often life threatening. Severe toxicity is generally limited to deliberate ingestions in adults in the US, because alkaline products available in the home are generally of low concentration.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Mild exposure may cause cough and bronchospasm. Severe inhalation may cause upper airway edema and burns, stridor, and rarely acute lung injury.
OCULAR EXPOSURE: Ocular exposure can produce severe conjunctival irritation and chemosis, corneal epithelial defects, limbal ischemia, permanent visual loss and in severe cases perforation.
DERMAL EXPOSURE: Mild exposure causes irritation and partial thickness burns. Prolonged exposure or high concentration products can cause full thickness burns.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed.
Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

DILUTION

If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. The exact ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).
USE OF DILUENTS IS CONTROVERSIAL: While experimental models have suggested that immediate dilution may lessen caustic injury (Homan et al, 1993a; Homan et al, 1994; Homan et al, 1995), this has not been adequately studied in humans.
DILUENT TYPE: Use any readily available nontoxic, cool liquid. Both milk and water have been shown to be effective in experimental studies of caustic ingestion (Maull et al, 1985; Rumack & Burrington, 1977; Homan et al, 1995; Homan et al, 1994; Homan et al, 1993a).
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Potential adverse effects include vomiting and airway compromise (Caravati, 2004).
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Do NOT attempt dilution in patients with respiratory distress, altered mental status, severe abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, or patients who are unable to swallow or protect their airway. Diluents should not be force fed to any patient who refuses to swallow (Rao & Hoffman, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/NOT RECOMMENDED

Since the hazard of alkaline corrosive ingestion stems from local tissue injury and not from systemic absorption of toxicant, activated charcoal is not beneficial. Charcoal administration may worsen injury by causing vomiting and may interfere with the ability to visualize burns at endoscopy.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, and respiratory system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007). (OSHA, 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

NEUTRALIZATION is CONTRAINDICATED.
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ANIMAL DATA

Rats died within 14 days following a 4-hour exposure to 8000 ppm of isopropylamine (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1996).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

OCCUPATIONAL

Brief exposure to 10 to 20 ppm of isopropylamine resulted in irritation of the nose and throat in humans (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001; Hathaway et al, 1996).
Following exposure to the vapor for 8 hours, workers reported transient visual disturbances, such as halos around lights, probably due to mild corneal edema. These disturbances typically disappeared within 3 to 4 hours (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1996; Bingham et al, 2001; HSDB , 2002).
NIOSH considers 750 ppm to be immediately dangerous to life and health (NIOSH, 2001).

ANIMAL DATA

Rats survived exposure for 4 hours to 4000 ppm of isopropylamine (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1996).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS75-31-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Isopropylamine
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Isopropylamine
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS75-31-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

(Bingham et al, 2001: Budavari, 2000; CHRIS, 2001 ITI, 1995 Lewis, 2000 OHM/TADS, 2001 RTECS, 2002
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 mg/L = 414 ppm (Bingham et al, 2001)

1 mg/m(3) = 0.414 ppm (Verschueren, 2000)
1 pm = 2.42 mg/m(3) (Bingham et al, 2001) NIOSH, 2001)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS75-31-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Isopropylamine

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 ppm
TLV-STEL: 10 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr; eye dam
Molecular Weight: 59.08

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS75-31-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS75-31-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Isopropylamine
REL:

TWA:
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix D

IDLH:

IDLH: 750 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS75-31-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Isopropylamine
Table Z-1 for Isopropylamine:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 5

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 12

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS75-31-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:5000

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS75-31-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS75-31-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS75-31-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS75-31-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS75-31-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS75-31-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS75-31-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 2-Propanamine

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1221 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Isopropylamine

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1221
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3, 8

3: Flammable Liquid.
8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: T11, TP2

T11: Minimum test pressure (bar): 6; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 0.5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 2.5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1221 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Isopropylamine
UN Number: 1221

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS75-31-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Isopropylamine
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 3

(3) Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 4

(4) Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Personal protective equipment when working with any substantial source of isopropylamine should include: self-contained breathing apparatus; butyl rubber gloves and apron; chemical face shield or safety goggles. Exposure to isopropylamine may occur via inhalation, ingestion, eye or skin contact. It is absorbed through the skin (OSHA, 2000).

Liquid forms of isopropylamine can attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.
Toxic gases and vapors may be released in a fire involving isopropylamine. Isopropylamine is rated by the National Fire Protection Association as an extreme fire hazard. Use water spray, fog, or regular foam to fight large fires involving isopropylamine. For small fires, use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or regular foam.

SPILLS - Protective equipment and clothing must be worn when cleaning a spill. Remove all sources of heat and ignition. Stop leak if possible to do without risk. Use non-sparking tools. Water spray may be used to reduce vapors; however, the spray may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. Small liquid spills may be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material for later reclamation or disposal. For large spills, build dikes far ahead of the spill to contain the chemical for later reclamation or disposal (OSHA, 2000).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Usual shipping containers are metal cans, pails and drums, and tanks on trucks, rail cars and barges (NFPA, 1997).
Storage containers may be made of metal, glass or earthenware (OHM/TADS, 2001).
Store in tightly closed container, away from any source of ignition, such as smoking or open flames. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment near or on containers of isopropylamine (Sittig, 1991).
Metal containers, used to transfer 5 gallons or more of this compound, should be grounded and bonded. Safety features on drums must include self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs and flame arresters (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store at ambient temperature (CHRIS , 2001).
Storage location should be cool, dry and well ventilated (NFPA, 1997).
Store isolated from strong acids (NFPA, 1997; OHM/TADS, 2001).
Keep isolated from oxidizing compounds (Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997; OHM/TADS, 2001).
Use explosion-proof equipment and fittings in areas where this compound is used, handled or stored (Sittig, 1991).
Storage location should have trapped floor drains. Bulk storage units above and below ground must have venting, diking and separation (OHM/TADS, 2001).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Incompatible with strong acids, such as hydrochloric, sulfuric and nitric acid, and with strong oxidizers, such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates and nitrates (Sittig, 1991).
It is incompatible with perchloryl fluoride and epichlorohydrin (Lewis, 2000) Urben, 1999).
It reacts with acids, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides, and oxidizing material (NIOSH, 2001; (NFPA, 1997).
It reacts with alkali metals and alkaline earth (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
This compound attacks certain types of plastics, rubber and coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Avoid direct contact with the compound and do not breathe in vapors. Stay upwind from leak sites. Always wear appropriate protective gear, including gloves, boots and goggles, especially when handling broken packages. Material that contacted the skin should be washed away with large volumes of water or water and soap. Protective equipment made of polyvinyl alcohol may be used (AAR, 2000).

Provide adequate ventilation in emergency situations (ITI, 1995).

When handling this material, wear butyl rubber gloves and coveralls in addition to proper face protection (ITI, 1995).

Segregate contaminated clothing from clean clothing and minimize direct contact with the contaminant for personnel handling them. Contaminated clothing should be collected on the premise for cleaning (HSDB , 2001).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Wear safety glasses, face shield and multipurpose gas mask when handling this material (ITI, 1995).

The benefits or detrimental effects from wearing contact lenses are unclear. The usual eye protection should be used even if contact lenses are worn (HSDB , 2001).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

In fire situations, wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (AAR, 2000; (NFPA, 1997).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 75-31-0.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 3

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 22
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

ILC Dover, Inc.

Ready 1

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)

Teflon Laminate

ChemFab Corporation

Challenge 5100

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (ChemFab Corporation, 1993)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 246
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 11
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 556000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

ChemFab Corporation 701 Daniel Webster Highway Box 1137 Merrimack, NH 03054 USA Phone: (603) 424-9000 Fax: (603) 424-9012 Toll-Free: (800) 451-6101 Website: http://www.chemfab.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
ILC Dover, Inc. One Moonwalker Rd. Frederica, DE 19946-2080 USA Phone: (302) 335-3911 Toll-Free: (800) 631-9567 Website: http://www.ilcdover.com Email: Customer_Service@ilcdover.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Use local exhaust ventilation to deal with point source emissions. Control the ventilation as close as possible to the source of the airborne contaminants (HSDB , 2001).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Flammable/combustible materials.
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Isopropylamine is a flammable liquid. Its vapors are heavier that air. Following a leak, vapor may travel to a sources of ignition and flash back (NFPA, 1997).
Apply water from a distant location. Attempt to combat fire only if leak can be stopped (AAR, 2000).
Approach fire from upwind. Do not breathe in vapors (NFPA, 1997).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS75-31-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Isopropylamine
Flammability Rating: 4

(4) Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air.

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

Flashpoint:
- -35 degrees F to -15 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2001; AAR, 2000)
- -37 degrees C (open cup) (ILO , 1998)

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Do not get water inside containers.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS75-31-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Isopropylamine
Extinguishing Method(s): 5, 1

5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.
1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.

Water spray in flooding quantities can be used to cool containers exposed to the heat of a fire. Solid streams of water may not be effective (CHRIS , 2001; AAR, 2000; NFPA, 1997).

Alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide may be used as extinguishing agents (CHRIS , 2001; AAR, 2000; Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997).

Other extinguishing agents include foam and carbon tetrachloride (OHM/TADS, 2001).

Use water spray to knock-down vapors (CHRIS , 2001).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

During combustion of this compound, toxic oxides of nitrogen are released (AAR, 2000; Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

At temperatures below 0 degrees C and in the presence of a diluent, the reaction between isopropylamine and perchloryl fluoride may result in separation of explosive liquids (Urben, 1999).

Uncontrollable oxidation and/or explosion often occurs in the absence of a diluent when isopropylamine is brought in contact with most aliphatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic amines (Urben, 1999).

This compound is highly volatile and forms explosive mixtures with air (OHM/TADS, 2001).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Flammable, irritating vapors are released from this compound. Poisonous gases may be released in a fire (CHRIS , 2001).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

This compound forms explosive mixtures with air. It reacts with alkali metals and alkaline earth (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

It reacts violently with strong acids and strong oxidizers (Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

It reacts with acids, aldehydes, ketones, epoxides, and oxidizing material (NFPA, 1997).

Expect an intense, exothermic reaction with epichlorohydrin (ITI, 1995).

Rapid mixing of isopropylamine and epichlorohydrin under poor cooling conditions will first lead to slow warming during the induction period, followed by a rapid, violently exothermic reaction. During the second phase, temperatures up to 350 degrees C can be reached within 6 seconds. Smooth condensation can be achieved if mixing is done slowly, using adequate cooling procedures (Urben, 1999).

Explosion may occur under certain conditions when brought in contact with perchloryl fluoride (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000; Urben, 1999).

See EXPLOSION HAZARD section of this document for more information.

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

In fire situations, consider evacuation in a one-third mile radius, especially if the fire becomes uncontrollable or containers are directly exposed to the heat of the fire. Evacuation procedures in leak situations without a fire should include evacuation from downwind areas, taking into account the amount and location of the spill and the weather conditions (AAR, 2000).

Following a spill, ventilate the area and remove all sources of ignition. Allow only personnel wearing protective gear to participate in the clean-up. Prevent liquid from entering confined spaces, such as sewers (CHRIS , 2001; Sittig, 1991).

In spill situations, notify local health and wildlife officials, and operators of nearby water intakes (CHRIS , 2001).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS75-31-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS75-31-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Isopropylamine; (2-Propanamine)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 5
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 10
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 150
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 750
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS75-31-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS75-31-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 750 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers (except for Hydrazine).
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
In case of leaks, isolate the container from all sources of ignition, such as sparks and flames. Attempt to stop the leak and build dikes if necessary. Disperse vapors and dilute pools of liquid with water spray (AAR, 2000; NFPA, 1997).
For in situ amelioration, carbon or peat can be used for alkaline solutions. The use of a cation exchanger is recommended for neutral or acidic solutions (OHM/TADS, 2001).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Following a spill, absorb spilled compound in non-combustible material for later disposal (NFPA, 1997).
The material may be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or a similar material, and kept in sealed containers for disposal (Sittig, 1991).
Following a spill, overspread and neutralize with sodium bisulfate and dilute with water (ITI, 1995; OHM/TADS, 2001).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

The suggested method of disposal is controlled incineration in an incinerator equipped with scrubber to thermal unit (Sittig, 1991).
Dissolve in a combustible solvent such as alcohol, and burn in a furnace equipped with afterburner and scrubber (ITI, 1995; OHM/TADS, 2001).
Incinerate in a suitable combustion chamber with an afterburner and scrubber (HSDB, 2004).
Small quantities can be absorbed on a paper towel and allowed to evaporate in a safe place. Once evaporation is complete, burn the paper in a suitable location (HSDB, 2004).
Environmental regulatory agencies must be consulted prior to land treatment, burial or land disposal of this chemical (HSDB, 2004).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

BIOREMEDIATION

In one study, a closed bottle was inoculated with a microbial population of 5000 mg/L from activated sludge acclimated to aniline and maintained at 20 degrees C. After an 8-day incubation period, the initial isopropylamine concentration of 500 ppm was reduced by 10% (HSDB, 2004; Howard, 1993).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Isopropylamine naturally occurs as a decomposition product of tobacco and maize leaves, and of animal manure (HSDB, 2004).

It has been identified in soil, beef and soybean animal feedstuff (HSDB, 2004).

It is released to ambient air from cigarette smoke (Howard, 1993).

It may be released to the environment in waste streams at locations where it is used as a solvent, chemical intermediate or solubilizer (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Based on a vapor pressure of 580 mmHg at 25 degrees C, isopropylamine is likely to exist entirely as a vapor in the atmosphere, where it is degraded by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals (HSDB, 2004).
Based on the vapor pressure of 596.6 mmHg at 25 degrees C, isopropylamine is expected to evaporate rapidly from dry surfaces. This can be expected especially when the compound exists in high concentrations (Howard, 1993).
In the air, this compound is degraded in the reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals. The half-life for this reaction is estimated to be 10 hours, assuming a rate constant of 3.9X10(-11) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 25 degrees C (HSDB, 2004).
Physical removal from the air via precipitation and dissolution may take place. Wet deposition is unlikely to occur (Howard, 1993).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- The acid dissociation constant (pKa) value of 10.63 indicates that this compound exists primarily in the protonated form in water. This protonated form has the potential to adsorb to suspended soil particles and sediment in water more strongly than the neutral form. Volatilization is not expected to be a major fate process from water surfaces hat in moist soils this compound exists primarily in its protonated form, which should be adsorbed to organic carbon and clay particles more strongly than the neutral form (HSDB, 2004; Howard, 1993).
- Henry's Law constant indicates that under extreme alkaline conditions (pH>8.6), volatilization from natural water surfaces may be an important fate process (Howard, 1993).
- Based on Henry's Law constant of 4.5x10(5) atm-m(3)/mol, volatilization half-life from a model river is expected to be approximately 17 h. From a model lake, volatilization half-life is estimated to be about 182 h. Conditions for these experiments were for the river: 1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity 3 m/sec; and for the lake: 1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, (wind velocity 0.5 m/sec) (HSDB, 2004).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Based on an estimated organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) of 30, isopropylamine 's mobility in soil is expected to be very high. The acid dissociation constant (pKa) value of 10.63 indicates that in moist soils this compound exists primarily in its protonated form, which should be adsorbed to organic carbon and clay particles more strongly than the neutral form. Volatilization from moist surfaces is not expected to be a major fate process. Based on the vapor pressure of 580 mmHg, volatilization may occur from dry soil surfaces (HSDB, 2004).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Isopropylamine generally exists in the atmosphere in a vapor phase and is removed by precipiation or dissolution. Volatilization from water or soil surfaces is not considered an important fate process except under extreme alkaline conditions (pH>8.6). In moist soils, isopropylamine exists primarily in its protonated form, which is adsorbed to organic carbon and clay particles more strongly than the neutral form. Isopropylamine may be highly mobile in soils, given an estimated Koc-value of 30. Biodegradation in water or soil, can be rapid, however, high concentrations of isopropylamine can also be toxic to microorganisms (HSDB, 2004; Howard, 1993).

BIODEGRADATION

Based on results from laboratory studies using activated sludge inocula and aerobic conditions, biodegradation is expected to be rapid for isopropylamine. At high concentrations,isopropylamine may be toxic to microorganisms (HSDB, 2004).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Estimated BCF = 1; suggesting low potential for bioconcentration (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Isopropylamine can be toxic to aquatic life at very low concentrations(CHRIS , 2001).

ECOTOXICITY VALUES:

EC10 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS: 125 mg/L for 48H (Verschueren, 2001)
EC50 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA: 91.5 mg/L for 48H; conditions of bioassay not specified (HSDB, 2001)
EC50 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS: 49 mg/L for 24H (Verschueren, 2001)
EC50 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS: 47 mg/L for 48H (Verschueren, 2001)
EC100 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS: 125 mg/L for 24H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - (WATER) ORYZIAS LATIPES: 1,000 mg/L for 48H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - (WATER) PIMEPHALES PROMELAS: 310 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)
CRITICAL RANGE - (WATER) CREEK CHUB: 40-80 ppm for 24H; fresh water (CHRIS, 2001)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

59.11

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

At 15 degrees C and 1 atm pressure, this compound exists in its liquid form (CHRIS , 2001).

Isopropylamine is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinct ammonia-like odor. The liquid is lighter than water, its vapors are heavier than air (AAR, 2000; (NFPA, 1997).

Above 91 degrees F, this chemical exist as a gas (NIOSH, 2001).

Strong base (ACGIH, 1991; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

VAPOR PRESSURE

478 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (NFPA, 1997)

460 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Bingham et al, 2001) NIOSH, 2001; (Snyder et al, 1990; Verschueren, 2001)

569.6 mHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1993)

579.6 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002; ILO , 1998)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.694 (at 15/4 degrees C) (Bingham et al, 2001; Budavari, 2000; ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000)
0.6881 (at 20/20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.69 (NFPA, 1997)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.691 g/mL (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS , 2001)
0.69 g/mL (at 20 degrees C) (ITI, 1995)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-95 degrees C; -139 degrees F; 178 K (CHRIS, 2001)
-150 degrees F (NIOSH, 2001)
-101 degrees C (Lewis, 1997)

MELTING POINT

-101 degrees C (Ashford, 1994a; Budavari, 2000; Howard, 1993a; ILO, 1998)
-101.2 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001a; Lewis, 2000a)
-101 degrees C; -150 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)
-95.2 degrees C (ITI, 1995)

BOILING POINT

90 degrees F (AAR, 2000)

91 degrees F (NIOSH, 2001)

32.4 degrees C; 90.3 degrees F; 305.6 K (at 1 atm) (CHRIS , 2001)

31-33 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)

33-34 degrees C (Budavari, 2000; ILO , 1998; Howard, 1993; Lewis, 2000; Snyder et al, 1990)

34 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; Bingham et al, 2001)

34 degrees C; 93 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)

32 degrees C (Sittig, 1991)

32.4 degrees C (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997)

FLASH POINT

-35 degrees F (open cup) (AAR, 2000; (Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000) NIOSH, 2001; (Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

-15 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2001)

-37 degrees C (open cup) (ILO , 1998; ITI, 1995; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991)

-26 degrees C; -15 degrees F (open cup) (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2000; NFPA, 1997)

-37.22 degrees C (closed cup)(ACGIH, 1991; Snyder et al, 1990)

-37.2 degrees C (Lewis, 1997)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

402 degrees C (ILO , 1998; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1997; NFPA, 1997)

756 degrees F (CHRIS , 2001; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

2.3% in air (CHRIS , 2001; ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000)
2.0% (ACGIH, 1991; ITI, 1995; NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991)

UPPER

10.4% (ACGIH, 1991; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991)
12% in air (CHRIS , 2001; ILO , 1998)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Soluble in water (AAR, 2000; (NFPA, 1997)
Miscible (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000; ILO , 1998; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000) NIOSH, 2001)
"Complete" (Bingham et al, 2001)
1X10(6) mg/L (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)
1,000,000 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS, 2001)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Miscible with alcohol and ether (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 2000; Snyder et al, 1990)
Soluble in alcohol and ether (ITI, 1995)
Soluble in acetone, chloroform and benzene (Snyder et al, 1990)
Very soluble in acetone (HSDB , 2002)

OTHER

Miscible with oxygenated solvents (Ashford, 1994)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Log Kow = 0.26 (Howard, 1993; HSDB , 2002)

Log Poct = -0.03 (Verschueren, 2001)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

4.5X10(-5) atm-m(3)/mol (est.) (HSDB , 2002)

1.12X10(-5) atm-m(3)/mole (est.) (Howard, 1993)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

3813 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

MASS

33 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2002)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ORGANIC CARBON PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Koc = 30 (est.)(HSDB , 2002)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.3770 (at 15 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000) ITI, 1995 Lewis, 1997)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

8.72 eV (NIOSH, 2001)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

9118 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

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