ISOBUTYL ACETATE

Isobutyl acetate is a clear, colorless, mobile liquid. This compound is volatile and flammable. The odor has been described as fruity (currant-pear), fruit-like, sweet, floral, and nail polish-like (HSDB, 1998; (Lewis, 1996).
Available grades include technical, solvent, perfume, and FCC (Lewis, 1993).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Isobutyl acetate may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. It is a CNS depressant in high concentrations. Signs and symptoms of exposure may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of consciousness, weakness, palpitations, anemia, cutaneous lesions, dermatitis, and liver injury.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Isobutyl acetate is an eye, nose, throat, mucous membrane, and respiratory tract irritant. It is hydrolyzed in the body (and possibly on the skin) to form ACETIC ACID and ISOBUTANOL (Sax, 1984), both strong irritants. In high concentrations, it is a mild central nervous system (CNS) depressant and can cause weakness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness (Clayton & Clayton, 1982; NIOSH/OSHA; HSDB).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

No chronic systemic effects due to isobutyl acetate exposure have been reported in humans (NIOSH/OSHA). Prolonged or repeated skin contact may produce defatting dermatitis with dryness and cracking (NIOSH/OSHA). Spray painters exposed to isobutyl acetate and toluene had cellular changes in the nasal mucosa (Hellquist, 1983).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression or seizures with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation or CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS110-19-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Isobutyl acetate
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Isobutyl acetate
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS110-19-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

ACGIH, 1991 Hathaway, et al, 1996; Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 1998)
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 4.75 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH, 1998)

1 mg/L = 211 ppm; 1 ppm = 4.75 mg/m(3) (HSDB, 1998)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS110-19-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Isobutyl acetate

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 150 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Eye and URT irr
Molecular Weight: 116.16

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS110-19-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS110-19-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Isobutyl acetate
REL:

TWA: 150 ppm (700 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 1300 ppm
Note(s): [10%LEL]

[10%LEL]: The 10%LEL designation is provided where the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. This is used for safety purposes in some cases even though toxicity is not indicative of irreversible health effects or impairment of escape exists only at higher concentrations.

OSHA PEL Values for CAS110-19-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Isobutyl acetate
Table Z-1 for Isobutyl acetate:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 150

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 700

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS110-19-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS110-19-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: iso-Butyl acetate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

5000 (2270)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS110-19-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS110-19-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS110-19-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS110-19-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS110-19-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS110-19-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Acetic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1213 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Isobutyl acetate

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1213
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3

3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: IB2, T4, TP1

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1213 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Isobutyl acetate
UN Number: 1213

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS110-19-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Isobutyl Acetate
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 1

(1) Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

When handling isobutyl acetate, wear gloves, goggles or safety glasses, and other protective clothing as well as appropriate respiratory protection (ITI, 1995) OHM/TADS, 1998). Containers for storing isobutyl acetate may consist of glass, earthenware, or a compatible type of plastic (for inner receptacles of no more than one pint). All containers should be kept tightly closed (ITI, 1995) OHM/TADS, 1998). Isobutyl acetate should be stored in a cabinet or room designed for combustible liquids. The storage area should be kept cool and well-ventilated. This compound should be stored away from any food products, water, and incompatible materials such as alkalis, acids, strong oxidizers, and nitrates (HSDB, 1998; NIOSH, 1998; OHM/TADS, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).

HANDLING

When handling isobutyl acetate, wear gloves, goggles or safety glasses, and other protective clothing as well as appropriate respiratory protection (ITI, 1995) OHM/TADS, 1998).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Containers for storing isobutyl acetate may consist of glass, earthenware, or a compatible type of plastic (for inner receptacles of no more than one pint). All containers should be kept tightly closed (ITI, 1995) OHM/TADS, 1998).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Isobutyl acetate should be stored in a cabinet or room designed for combustible liquids. The storage area should be kept cool and well-ventilated. This compound should be stored away from any food products, water, and incompatible materials (HSDB, 1998; OHM/TADS, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Isobutyl acetate is incompatible with alkalis, acids, strong oxidizers, and nitrates (NIOSH, 1998).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment to prevent skin contact and wash any contaminated skin promptly with soap and water. Protective goggles or glasses should be worn to prevent eye contact. Any clothing that becomes wet should be removed promptly because of its flammability hazard. Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus or an appropriate organic canister mask for respiratory protection (AAR, 1996; CHRIS, 1998; OHM/TADS, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 110-19-0.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Isobutyl acetate is flammable and can form vapors that are heavier than air. These vapors may pose a risk of flashback along the vapor trail. Water used in flooding quantities as a fog may be used to control vapors. Water may also be used to keep containers cool. However, solid water streams used as an extinguishing agent may spread fire. Appropriate extinguishing agents for fires involving isobutyl acetate include foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. If a release of isobutyl acetate is on fire, do not try to extinguish the fire unless the flow can be stopped. Fight fires from as far away as possible. If this compound is ignited in an enclosed space, it may explode (AAR, 1996; CHRIS, 1998; HSDB, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS110-19-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Isobutyl Acetate
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS110-19-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Isobutyl Acetate
Extinguishing Method(s): 5, 1

5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.
1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.

If isobutyl acetate is involved in a fire, use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide as extinguishing agents. Water should be used as a fog to control heat and remove vapors from the air. Solid water streams may spread fire (AAR, 1996; OHM/TADS, 1998).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Isobutyl acetate will emit smoke and carbon monoxide when it burns (OHM/TADS, 1998).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Isobutyl acetate may pose a fire or explosion hazard on contact with strong acids, alkalis, strong oxidizers or nitrates. It may also be dangerous if exposed to heat or flame (ACGIH, 1991) HSDB, 1998).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

This compound will emit acrid smoke and fumes when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996). ACGIH (1991) states that isobutyl acetate will give off toxic gases such as carbon monoxide if it is involved in a fire.

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Isobutyl acetate may pose a fire or explosion hazard on contact with strong acids, alkalis, strong oxidizers or nitrates (HSDB, 1998).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS110-19-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS110-19-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Isobutyl acetate
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 150
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 150
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 250
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 1300
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS110-19-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS110-19-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 1300 ppm
Note(s): [10%LEL]

([10%LEL]) The 10%LEL designation is provided where the IDLH was based on 10% of the lower explosive limit. This is used for safety purposes in some cases even though toxicity is not indicative of irreversible health effects or impairment of escape exists only at higher concentrations.

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
In case of an isobutyl acetate release, stop the release only if it is safe to do so. Only persons with appropriate personal protective equipment may be allowed near the release and these persons should avoid contact with the vapor or liquid. Isolate spill area and contain the spill by diking with sandbags, foamed polyurethane, foamed concrete or soil. Spills may also be contained in a pit or lagoon. Spills should be prevented from entering sewers or water sources. Water spray or foam may be applied from upwind to control vapors. Remove all ignition sources from the spill area. The spilled material may be absorbed with activated carbon, fly ash, or cement powder (AAR, 1996; CHRIS, 1998; OHM/TADS, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).
If this compound has been released to water, oil spill control booms or natural barriers should be used to contain the spill. Suction hoses may be used to remove trapped material. A universal gelling agent can be applied to solidify the spill. Activated carbon can be applied at ten times the spilled amount if isobutyl acetate is dissolved but remains at 10 ppm concentration or more. Mechanical dredges or lifts may be used to remove immobilized masses of pollutants (AAR, 1996; OHM/TADS, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 129 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Incineration may be used to dispose of isobutyl acetate. Spilled materials and contaminated sorbent may be appropriately packaged and disposed of in a chemical waste landfill (HSDB, 1998; OHM/TADS, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Isobutyl acetate may be isolated from the wood-rotting fungus Endoconidiophora coerulescens and is also produced by the fungus Chalaropsis thielaviodis in potato broth. The compound occurs naturally in bananas and other fruit. Cattle waste is also a source for this compound (Budavari, 1996; Howard, 1990). Non-natural releases of isobutyl acetate into the environment occur by evaporation especially from its use as a solvent (Howard, 1990) HSDB, 1998).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In air, isobutyl acetate will exist in a vapor phase where reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is the main removal process. The half life is estimated to be about 6 hours (Howard, 1990).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- The main removal processes for isobutyl acetate in water include volatilization and possibly biodegradation. The half life for volatilization has been estimated at about 5.3 hours (in a river 1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec with a wind speed of 3 m/sec). Hydrolysis is not an important removal process in water unless the environment is alkaline. Adsorption to sediments is not expected to be an important removal process (Howard, 1990).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Estimated Koc values range from 36 to 177 indicating that isobutyl acetate will undergo moderate to high leaching. Isobutyl acetate will volatilize quickly from dry soil surfaces. Studies indicate that this compound is likely to be degraded by soil microbes. Hydrolysis in moist soils will only be significant if conditions are alkaline (Howard, 1990).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

The atmospheric half-life for isobutyl acetate is estimated at about 6 hours for vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (assuming atmospheric hydroxyl radical concentration of 5 x 10(5) molecules/cm(3)). Based on half-life estimates for aquatic hydrolysis of sec-butyl acetate, hydrolysis half-life estimates for isobutyl acetate are 12.6 years, 1.26 years and 46 days for pH of 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0, respectively. Hydrolysis will only be significant under alkaline conditions (Howard, 1990).

BIODEGRADATION

Isobutyl acetate may undergo biodegradation in water or soil (Howard, 1990).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Bioconcentration values for isobutyl acetate are estimated to be 9.7 and 4, based on water solubility and the Kow. Based on these values, bioconcentration is not considered to be significant (Howard, 1990).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Freshwater Toxicity (OHM/TADS, 1998)

LC50 - BLUEGILL SUNFISH: 100 ppm for 96H -- static, as n-butyl acetate

Saltwater Toxicity (CHRIS, 1998; OHM/TADS, 1998)

TLm - BRINE SHRIMP: 32 ppm for 48H -- static, as n-butyl acetate
TLm - BRINE SHRIMP: 1200 ppm for 24H
LC50 - SILVERSIDES: 185 ppm for 96H -- as n-butyl acetate

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

116.16

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Isobutyl acetate is a clear, colorless liquid with a fruity, floral odor. This compound is flammable (ACGIH, 1991) HSDB, 1998; (Lewis, 1996).

Neutral (HSDB, 1998)

VAPOR PRESSURE

13 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991) NIOSH, 1998)

10 mmHg (at 12.8 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996)

17.92 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1990)

17.8 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

1 mmHg (at -21.2 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

40 mmHg (at 39.2 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

100 mmHg (at 59.7 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

400 mmHg (at 97.5 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.871 (at 20/4 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 1996)
0.8712 (at 20/4 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.8685 (at 15 degrees C) (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1993)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-99 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)
-145 degrees F (NIOSH, 1998)
-97.1 degrees C; -142.8 degrees F; 176.1 degrees K (CHRIS, 1998)

MELTING POINT

-99 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 1996)
-98.9 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)
-98.6 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
-98.58 degrees C (Howard, 1990) HSDB, 1998)

BOILING POINT

118 degrees C; 244 degrees F (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1997)

116 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

116-117 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)

115-118 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)

117.2 degrees C (Howard, 1990) HSDB, 1998)

243 degrees F (NIOSH, 1998)

117.3 degrees C; 243.1 degrees F; 390.5 degrees K (CHRIS, 1998)

FLASH POINT

18 degrees C; 64 degrees F (closed cup) (AAR, 1996; (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996)

17.7 degrees C; 64 degrees F (closed cup) (Lewis, 1993)

17.8 degrees C; 64 degrees F (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

31 degrees C (open cup) (ITI, 1995)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

422 degrees C; 793 degrees F (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1993)

421 degrees C; 790 degrees F (NFPA, 1997)

423 degrees C (ITI, 1995)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

2.4% (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996)
1.3% (ITI, 1995; NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991)

UPPER

10.5% (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1997; Sittig, 1991)
7.5% (ITI, 1995)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Isobutyl acetate is very slightly soluble in water (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1996). Specifically, isobutyl acetate is soluble in 180 parts water (Budavari, 1996).
700 g/L in water (at 20 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994)
6700 mg/L (at 20 degrees C) (Howard, 1990)
0.6% (at 77 degrees F) (NIOSH, 1998)
6300 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 1998)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Isobutyl acetate is freely soluble in alcohol. It is miscible with most organic solvents; it is soluble in fixed oils, propylene glycol, acetone, and ether (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 1996) HSDB, 1998; (Lewis, 1996).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 1.60 (Howard, 1990)

log Kow = 1.78 (HSDB, 1998)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

4.47x10(-4) atm-m(3)/mol (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1990)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

50 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection) (HSDB, 1998)

7-94 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data, Phillips et al, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB, 1998)

MASS

430 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB, 1998)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.002 ppm (lower threshold) (OHM/TADS, 1998)
0.64 mcL/L (HSDB, 1998)
0.01 mg/m(3) (odor low); 90.00 mg/m(3) (odor high) (HSDB, 1998)
Detection in Air

6.0x10(-3) ppm (HSDB, 1998)
3.50x10(-1) ppm (HSDB, 1998)

Recognition in Air

3.70x10(-2) ppm (HSDB, 1998)
5.00x10(-1) ppm (HSDB, 1998)

Detection in Water

4.0 ppb (HSDB, 1998)
0.073 mg/kg (HSDB, 1998)
6.6x10(1) ppb (gas chromatically pure) (HSDB, 1998)

4 ppm = 17 mg/m(3) (threshold); 34 mg/m(3) = 7 ppm (distinct odor); 1.9-2.1 mg/m(3) (recognition) (HSDB, 1998)

SURFACE TENSION

23.7 dynes/cm; 0.0237 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS, 1998)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

470 psia; 32 atm; 3.2 MN/m(2) (CHRIS, 1998)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

296 degrees C; 565 degrees F; 569 degrees K (CHRIS, 1998)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-13,000 Btu/lb; -7220 cal/g; -302x10(5) J/kg (estimated) (CHRIS, 1998)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.3907 (at 19 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
1.389 (Lewis, 1996)
1.392 (approximate) (Lewis, 1993)
1.3902 (at 20 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994) HSDB, 1998)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

9.97 eV (NIOSH, 1998)

LIQUID WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION

40 dynes/cm; 0.04 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (CHRIS, 1998)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

8590 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB, 1998)

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United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Vinyl Acetate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020d6af&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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ISOBUTYL ACETATE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents