IRON PENTACARBONYL

Iron pentacarbonyl is used as an anti-knock gasoline additive in Europe (ACGIH, 1983). It has also been used as a reagent to generate carbonyl iron for the experimental treatment of iron deficiency anemia (Gordeuk et al, 1986) and as a reagent to produce various iron-oxide aerosols to study deposition and clearance of iron in animal and human lungs (Valberg & Brain, 1979).

SOURCES

"Carbonyl Iron" is an elemental iron compound made by controlled heating of vaporized iron pentacarbonyl (Gordeuk et al, 1986).
Iron pentacarbonyl may be produced when carbon monoxide comes into contact with finely divided iron particles (ACGIH, 1983; Sunderman et al, 1959). It may also be formed when high partial pressures of carbon monoxide come in contact with steel or iron vessels, and has been found during gas manufacturing processes (Brief et al, 1967).
It has been reported in gas manufacturing processes, and may be formed when illuminating gas passes through iron pipes (Brief et al, 1967). It may form in water gas or coal gas stored underground in steel tanks, and in gases containing carbon monoxide stored in steel cylinders (Brief et al, 1967).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Iron pentacarbonyl has been used as an anti-knock gasoline additive, as a reagent to generate carbonyl iron for the experimental treatment of iron deficiency anemia or to produce various iron-oxide aerosols to study deposition and clearance of iron in animal and human lungs.

TOXICOLOGY: "Carbonyl Iron" is an elemental iron compound made by controlled heating of vaporized iron pentacarbonyl. Iron pentacarbonyl may be produced when carbon monoxide comes into contact with finely divided iron particles. It may also be formed when high partial pressures of carbon monoxide come in contact with steel or iron vessels. Iron pentacarbonyl is a potent respiratory tract irritant. It is well absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, and through intact skin in experimental animals.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure is rare.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

Headache, dizziness, dyspnea, and vomiting may occur immediately after significant inhalation exposure. Severe pulmonary irritation with fever, cough, dyspnea, and cyanosis have a delayed onset from 12 to 36 hours. Death may occur due to respiratory failure and occurs 4 to 11 days after exposure to lethal concentrations. Exposed experimental animals have had pathological changes described in lungs, liver, kidneys, and the central nervous system.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of potential irritant effects, do NOT induce vomiting. Consider activated charcoal if the overdose is recent, the patient is not vomiting, and is able to maintain airway.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
All patients exposed to high concentrations should have prolonged observation in a controlled setting, as serious respiratory symptoms have a delayed onset from 12 to 36 hours.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of potential irritant effects, do NOT induce vomiting. Consider activated charcoal if the overdose is recent, the patient is not vomiting, and is able to maintain airway.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
All patients exposed to high concentrations should have prolonged observation in a controlled setting, as serious respiratory symptoms have a delayed onset from 12 to 36 hours.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

The minimum lethal and maximum tolerated exposures for humans have not been well defined.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

The minimum lethal and maximum tolerated exposures for humans have not been well defined.

Iron pentacarbonyl is relatively benign when administered orally. In a study of iron deficiency anemia, single doses of 10 g of iron pentacarbonyl were tolerated by 20 non-anemic volunteers with no evidence of toxicity and only minor gastrointestinal side effects. Daily doses of up to 3 g/day for 8 to 28 days resulted in no evidence of toxicity other than gastrointestinal irritation (Hathaway et al, 1991).

ANIMAL DATA

Three of eight rats exposed to 33 ppm in air of iron pentacarbonyl for 5.5 hours died; four of eight rats died after two 5.5 hours exposures at 18 ppm (ACGIH, 1991).
There were no signs of intoxication in rats exposed through inhalation for eighteen 5.5-hour periods to iron pentacarbonyl at 7 ppm in air (ACGIH, 1991).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS13463-40-6 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Iron pentacarbonyl, as Fe
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Iron pentacarbonyl (as Fe)
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS37220-42-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS13463-40-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS37220-42-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- 7 g/m(3) for 10M (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- 44 mg/m(3) (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- 140 ppm for 30M (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LCLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- 250 ppm for 45M (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- 33 ppm for 5.5H (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (ORAL)CAT:
- 100 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- 22 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- 60 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- 62 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- 11 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- 12 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- 240 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:
- 240 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- 25 mg/kg (RTECS, 2003; Lewis, 1992a)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS13463-40-6 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Iron pentacarbonyl, as Fe

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.1 ppm
TLV-STEL: 0.2 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Pulm edema; CNS impair
Molecular Weight: 195.9

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS37220-42-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS13463-40-6 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS37220-42-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS13463-40-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Iron pentacarbonyl (as Fe)
REL:

TWA: 0.1 ppm (0.23 mg/m(3))
STEL: 0.2 ppm (0.45 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS37220-42-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS13463-40-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS37220-42-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS13463-40-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:250

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS37220-42-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS13463-40-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS37220-42-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS13463-40-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS37220-42-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS13463-40-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS37220-42-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS13463-40-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Iron, Pentacarbonyl-
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS37220-42-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS13463-40-6 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Iron pentacarbonyl
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS37220-42-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS13463-40-6 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS37220-42-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS13463-40-6 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Iron carbonyl (Fe(CO)5), (TB-5-11)-

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS37220-42-1 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Iron carbonyl (Fe(CO)5), (TB-5-11)-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1994 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Iron penta carbonyl

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1994
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1, 3

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).
3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions: 1, B9, B14, B30, B72, B77, T22, TP2, TP13, TP38, TP44

1: This material is poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter) in Hazard Zone A (see sxn. 173.116(a) or sxn. 173.133(a) of this subchapter), and must be described as an inhalation hazard under the provisions of this subchapter.
B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B14: Each bulk packaging, except a tank car or a multi-unit-tank car tank, must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials must not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
B30: MC 312, MC 330, MC 331 and DOT 412 cargo tanks and DOT 51 portable tanks must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of sxn. 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for tank shell and heads for cargo tanks and portable tanks must be the greater of 7.62 mm (0.300 inch) or the thickness required for a tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.5 times the vapor pressure of the lading at 46 °C (115 °F). In addition, MC 312 and DOT 412 cargo tank motor vehicles must: a. Be ASME Code (U) stamped for 100% radiography of all pressure-retaining welds; b. Have accident damage protection which conforms with sxn. 178.345-8 of this subchapter; c. Have a MAWP or design pressure of at least 87 psig: and d. Have a bolted manway cover.
B72: Tank cars must have a test pressure of 34.47 Bar (500 psig) or greater and conform to Class 105J, 106, or 110.
B77: Other packaging are authorized when approved by the Associate Administrator.
T22: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 10 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.
TP38: Each portable tank must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials may not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
TP44: Each portable tank must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of sxn. 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for tank shell and heads must be the greater of 7.62 mm (0.300 inch) or the thickness required for a portable tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.5 times the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 46 °C (115 °F).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 226
Bulk packaging: 244

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1994 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Iron pentacarbonyl
UN Number: 1994

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS13463-40-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Iron Carbonyl
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 1

(1) Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 1

(1) Materials which are normally stable, but which can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures, or which may react with water with some release of energy, but not violently.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS37220-42-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Because of the potential for iron pentacarbonyl to form explosive mixtures with air, it should be stored under carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or nitrogen (Sunderman et al, 1959).
Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop the leak if you can do it without risk (DOT, 1990).
Stay upwind and out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering (DOT, 1990).
Isolate the hazard area, deny entry and keep non-response personnel away (DOT, 1990).
Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and special chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the shipper or manufacturer may be worn, but may provide little or no thermal protection (DOT, 1990).
Structural firefighers' protective clothing is NOT effective for these materials (DOT, 1990).
Shut off all ignition sources such as flares, smoking or flames in the hazard area (DOT, 1990).
Fully-encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks without fire (DOT, 1990).
Water spray may reduce vapors but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces (DOT, 1990).

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Protect from light and air (Budavari, 1989).
Because of the potential for iron pentacarbonyl to form explosive mixtures with air, it should be stored under carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or nitrogen (Sunderman et al, 1959).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 13463-40-6.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 37220-42-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Iron pentacarbonyl is pyrophoric in air; it burns to ferric oxide (Fe2O3) (Budavari, 1989) ACGIH, 1991).
Iron pentacarbonyl is a very dangerous fire and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1992).
It can react vigorously with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1992).
Mixtures of iron pentacarbonyl with acetic acid + water produce a pyrophoric powder (Lewis, 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS13463-40-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Iron Carbonyl
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS37220-42-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS13463-40-6 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Iron Carbonyl
Extinguishing Method(s): Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS37220-42-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

To fight fire, use water, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical (Lewis, 1992).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

No information on the combustion toxicity of iron pentacarbonyl was found in available references at the time of this review.

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Iron pentacarbonyl is a moderate explosion and very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1992).

It can react vigorously with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1992).

Mixtures of iron pentacarbonyl with nitrogen oxide explode above 50 degrees C (Lewis, 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Iron pentacarbonyl is a pulmonary irritant (Hathaway et al, 1991; Budavari, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Iron pentacarbonyl is decomposed by light to iron nonacarbonyl (Fe2(CO)9) and carbon monoxide (Budavari, 1989) ACGIH, 1991).

It forms a violent reaction with zinc + transition metal halides (eg, cobalt halides; rhodium halides; ruthenium halides) (Lewis, 1992).

Iron pentacarbonyl is pyrophoric in air; it burns to ferric oxide (Fe2O3) (Budavari, 1989) ACGIH, 1991).

This compound is a very dangerous fire and moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1992).

It can react vigorously with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1992).

Mixtures of iron pentacarbonyl with acetic acid + water produce a pyrophoric powder (Lewis, 1992).

Mixtures of iron pentacarbonyl with nitrogen oxide explode above 50 degrees C (Lewis, 1992).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1994 - Iron pentacarbonyl

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.3 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.6 kilometers (0.4 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 150 meters (500 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 1.6 kilometers (1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 3 kilometers (1.9 miles).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS13463-40-6 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS37220-42-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS13463-40-6 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Iron pentacarbonyl
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.06
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.06
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 0.06
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 0.18
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS37220-42-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS13463-40-6 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Iron pentacarbonyl
Final Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of the lack of available data and because an inadequate margin of safety exists between the derived AEGL-1 and AEGL-2.
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of the lack of available data and because an inadequate margin of safety exists between the derived AEGL-1 and AEGL-2.
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of the lack of available data and because an inadequate margin of safety exists between the derived AEGL-1 and AEGL-2.
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of the lack of available data and because an inadequate margin of safety exists between the derived AEGL-1 and AEGL-2.
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended because of the lack of available data and because an inadequate margin of safety exists between the derived AEGL-1 and AEGL-2.
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Iron pentacarbonyl
Final Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.077 ppm
mg/m3: 0.61 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.077 ppm
mg/m3: 0.61 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.06 ppm
mg/m3: 0.48 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.037 ppm
mg/m3: 0.3 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.025 ppm
mg/m3: 0.2 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Iron pentacarbonyl
Final Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.23 ppm
mg/m3: 1.8 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.23 ppm
mg/m3: 1.8 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.18 ppm
mg/m3: 1.4 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.11 ppm
mg/m3: 0.88 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.075 ppm
mg/m3: 0.6 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS37220-42-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS13463-40-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS37220-42-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
"At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices." (HSDB , 1993)

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

No information on the pollution hazard of iron pentacarbonyl was found in available references at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- No information on the environmental kinetics of iron pentacarbonyl was found in available references at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information on the environmental toxicity of iron pentacarbonyl was found in available references at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

195.90 (Budavari, 1989)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Iron pentacarbonyl is a colorless to yellow, mobile, oily, highly flammable liquid (ACGIH, 1991; (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1992; Sax & Lewis, 1987).

Iron pentacarbonyl is a yellow or yellow brown to dark red liquid (Sax, 1979).

Colorless to yellow (Budavari, 1989)

Yellow to dark red (Lewis, 1992)

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

40 mmHg (at 30.3 degrees C) (Lewis, 1992)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.46-1.52 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-20 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)
-25 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)

BOILING POINT

103 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

200 degrees C (decomposes) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

FLASH POINT

-15 degrees C; 5 degrees F (closed cup) (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1992) ACGIH, 1991)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Iron pentacarbonyl is practically insoluble in water (Budavari, 1989).
Insoluble in water (ACGIH, 1983).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is soluble in nickel tetracarbonyl (Sax & Lewis, 1987).
Iron pentacarbonyl is slightly soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in liquid ammonia (Budavari, 1989).
Insoluble in dilute acids (ACGIH, 1983).
Soluble in most organic solvents (ACGIH, 1983).
It is readily soluble in most organic solvents, including (Budavari, 1989):

Acetone
Benzene
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tetrachloride
Ether
Ethyl acetate
Petroleum ether

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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IRON PENTACARBONYL

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents