IRON OXIDE
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
11554 RED ANCHRED STANDARD ANHYDROUS IRON OXIDE ANHYDROUS OXIDE OF IRON ARMENIAN BOLE BAUXITE RESIDUE BLACK OXIDE OF IRON BLENDED RED OXIDES OF IRON BURNTISLAND RED BURNT SIENNA BURNT UMBER BURNTISLAND RED CALCOTONE RED CAPUT MORTUUM C.I. PIGMENT RED 101 C.I. PIGMENT RED 101 AND 102 C.I. PIGMENT RED 102 COLCOTHAR COLLOIDAL FERRIC OXIDE CROCUS MARTIS ADSTRINGENS DEANOX DEANOX DNX PIGMENTS EISENOXYD ENGLISH RED FERRIC OXIDE FERRIC OXIDE (COLLOIDAL) FERRIC OXIDE FUME FERRIC OXIDE, RED FERRIC SESQUIOXIDE FERRIC TRIOXIDE FERRUGO INDIAN RED IRON(III) OXIDE IRON OXIDE DUST AND FUME (AS FE) IRON OXIDE FUME IRON OXIDE PIGMENTS IRON OXIDE RED IRON RED IRON SESQUIOXIDE JEWELERS ROUGE LEVANOX RED 130A LIGHT RED MANUFACTURED IRON OXIDES MARS BROWN MARS RED NATURAL HERMATITE NATURAL IRON OXIDES NATURAL RED OXIDE OCHRE PRUSSIAN BROWN QUICK ROUGE RADDLE 11554 RED RADDLE RED IRON OXIDE RED IRON TRIOXIDE RED OCHRE RED OXIDE RED OXIDE D3452 RED OXIDE D6984 RED OXIDE OF IRON ROUGE RUBIGO SIENNA SPECULAR IRON STONE RED SUPRA SYNTHETIC IRON OXIDE VENETIAN RED VITRIOL RED VOGELS IRON RED YELLOW FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW OXIDE OF IRON
IDENTIFIERS
NO7525000 (fume) NO7400000
170-METALS (POWDERS, DUSTS, SHAVINGS, BORINGS, TURNINGS, OR CUTTINGS, ETC.)(for UN/NA Number2793)
SYNONYM REFERENCE
- (HSDB , 1999; Lewis, 1996; RTECS , 1999)
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Iron oxide is a component of cement and thermite. It is used as a polishing compound for glass, diamonds, and precious metals; as a paint for use on ironwork and ship hulls; and as a pigment for rubber, paints, paper, linoleum, ceramics, and glass. The compound also is used in magnets, magnetic tapes, memory cores for computers, electrical resistors and semiconductors, electronic pigments for television, as well as in metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, gas purification processes, and in colloidal solutions such as stain for polysaccharides (Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 1999; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 1993). In addition, iron oxide is used as a laboratory reagent, catalyst (p-hydrogen), feed additive, mordant, and dental abrasive (HSDB , 1999; Lewis, 1993).
Iron oxide, spent--also known as iron sponge, spent--is the compound saturated with sulfur from gas purification. It is used in electric furnace steel operations and in precipitating copper and lead from solutions of their salts. The compound is capable of spontaneous heating (AAR, 1996). The alpha form of iron oxide occurs naturally as mineral hematite; the gamma form occurs as mineral maghemite. The compound is prepared by alpha-FeO(OH) dehydration (Budavari, 1996).
Iron oxide can be manufactured by calcinating and/or precipitating (using alkali) various synthetic iron salts or by preparing the oxide from ores by washing, drying, grinding, blending, and natural calcining (HSDB , 1999). Synthetic yellow iron oxides can be dehydrated in furnaces using controlled temperatures and oxidation conditions (HSDB , 1999). Synthetic red iron oxide can be produced using controlled heating and oxidation conditions by oxidizing the FeO portion of FE3O4 (black iron oxide) or by atomizing iron pentacarbonyl and burning in copious amounts of air (HSDB , 1999).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Signs and symptoms of exposure to iron oxide may include mild conjunctivitis, cough, and chronic bronchitis. Chronic exposure may cause a benign pneumoconiosis with x-ray findings indistinguishable from those of siderosis (fibrotic pneumoconiosis). Workers exposed to iron oxide fume and silica may develop a mixed dust pneumoconiosis.
- It has been suggested that freshly formed iron oxide fume, produced at high temperatures, might act in the same way as freshly formed alumina and silica fume which after chronic exposure can produce a condition known as Shaver's disease.
- According to the IARC, iron oxide is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
Oxides from metallic fires are a severe health hazard. Inhalation or contact with substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Little information was found on the effects of acute exposure to iron oxide. It would be expected to be an eye, nose, and respiratory tract irritant from frictional action. Intratracheal instillation at doses of 10, 33, and 100 micrograms increased susceptibility to Streptococcus infection in mice (17). Whether or not inhalation of iron oxide dust or fume could increase human susceptibility to respiratory tract infections is unknown.
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Chronic exposure to hematite dust and welding fumes is known to produce a benign pneumoconiosis known as SIDEROSIS. Once inhaled, iron oxide particles may remain in the lungs permanently.
- Pure iron oxide probably does not produce pulmonary fibrosis and resultant pulmonary function impairment (Jones & Warner, 1972; Teculescu & Albu, 1973), generally thought to be caused by other substances (such as SILICATES) which may be present in dusts and fumes. Generally, 6 to 10 years of exposure to these mixtures is required to produce pulmonary fibrosis (HSDB). Welders exposed for an average of 18.7 years had no significant pulmonary effects (Kleinfeld, 1969).
- Compared to controls, pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, TLC) declined in welders during the course of a work shift at a shipyard, but did not seem to be related to the extent of exposure to welding fumes or other environmental welding factors. The strongest correlation was with a lack of adequate ventilation; reduction in FEV1 was related to the airborne concentration of iron oxide (Akbarkhanzadeh, 1993).
- Posterior polar CATARACTS occurred in welders exposed to airborne iron oxide when eye protection was not worn (Angle, 1971). These cataracts may have been caused by heat and/or ultraviolet light exposure from the welding arc rather than iron oxide.
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
FIRST AID INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. TARGET ORGANS - Respiratory system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).
GENERAL INHALATION EXPOSURE INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
DERMAL EXPOSURE DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999). Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
EYE EXPOSURE DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
ORAL EXPOSURE
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
- The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
- The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS1309-37-1 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Iron oxide (Fe2O3) EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Ferric oxide 3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Rouge NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Iron oxide dust and fume (as Fe) MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS1309-37-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS1309-37-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS1309-37-1 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS1309-37-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS1309-37-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS1309-37-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS1309-37-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS1309-37-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS1309-37-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS1309-37-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS1309-37-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS1309-37-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS1309-37-1 (EPA, 2005):
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2793 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2793 (ICAO, 2002):
Proper Shipping Name: Ferrous metal borings in a form liable to self-heating UN Number: 2793 Proper Shipping Name: Ferrous metal cuttings in a form liable to self-heating UN Number: 2793 Proper Shipping Name: Ferrous metal shavings in a form liable to self-heating UN Number: 2793 Proper Shipping Name: Ferrous metal turnings in a form liable to self-heating UN Number: 2793
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS1309-37-1 (NFPA, 2002):
-HANDLING AND STORAGE
STORAGE
Iron oxide fume reacts violently upon contact with calcium hypochlorite, aluminum, ethylene oxide, hydrazine, or hydrogen peroxide (Lewis, 1996; Sittig, 1991).
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
- Protective clothing, thick gloves, and safety glasses should be worn, and skin contact with iron oxide fume should be avoided (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).
EYE/FACE PROTECTION
- Dust-proof goggles are recommended unless a full facepiece respirator is being worn (Sittig, 1991).
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 1309-37-1.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004) May react violently or explosively on contact with water. Some are transported in flammable liquids. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some of these materials will burn with intense heat. Dusts or fumes may form explosive mixtures in air. Containers may explode when heated. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
Iron oxide is noncombustible (ITI, 1995; NIOSH , 1999).
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS1309-37-1 (NFPA, 2002):
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
DO NOT USE WATER, FOAM OR CO2. Dousing metallic fires with water may generate hydrogen gas, an extremely dangerous explosion hazard, particularly if fire is in a confined environment (i.e., building, cargo hold, etc.). Use DRY sand, graphite powder, dry sodium chloride based extinguishers, G-1® or Met-L-X® powder. Confining and smothering metal fires is preferable rather than applying water. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS1309-37-1 (NFPA, 2002):
EXPLOSION HAZARD
- An explosive reaction results when iron oxide is heated with guanidinium perchlorate (Lewis, 1996).
- An explosive product may result from a reaction with carbon monoxide (Lewis, 1996).
- Wet iron oxide in contact with molten aluminum-magnesium alloys will react explosively (Lewis, 1996).
- Iron oxide serves as a catalyst for potentially explosive ethylene oxide polymerization (Lewis, 1996).
- Iron oxide mixed with calcium hypochlorite has caused explosions within the containers. The explosions are caused by the reaction between the hypochlorite and oxide catalysts, which evolves oxygen (NFPA, 1994).
DUST/VAPOR HAZARD
- Exposure to iron oxide fumes can cause metal fume fever. The symptoms of this flu-like illness include fever, chills, aches, metallic taste, cough, and chest tightness (Sittig, 1991).
- Benign pneumoconiosis coupled with x-ray shadows identical to those signalling fibrotic pneumoconiosis can result from prolonged exposure to dust and fumes (Budavari, 1996). ACGIH (1991) reports that some workers exposed to iron oxide dust and silica mixtures developed a "disabling pneumoconiosis."
REACTIVITY HAZARD
- Iron oxide in contact with hydrogen peroxide may react violently (Lewis, 1996).
- Violent reactions will occur when iron oxide is heated with the following: calcium disilicide; magnesium; metal acetylides, (e.g., calcium acetylide plus iron (III) chloride, on ignition; cesium acetylide (warming causes incandescent reaction); and rubidium acetylide) (Lewis, 1996).
- Violent reactions also occur with aluminum, calcium hypochlorite, hydrazine, and ethylene oxide (Lewis, 1996; NFPA, 1994).
Iron oxide may act as a catalyst, causing liquid ethylene oxide to rearrange and/or polymerize, thus releasing heat (NFPA, 1994).
- Powdered aluminum and iron oxide react vigorously and produce intense heat. Such a reaction is commonly started by burning magnesium (NFPA, 1994).
- When gently heated with cesium carbide, iron oxide is reduced with incandescence (NFPA, 1994).
- Caesium acetylide warmed with iron oxide becomes incandescent (Urben, 1995).
- Iron oxide reacts exothermally with rubidium acetylide (Urben, 1995).
- The ignition temperature of hydrazine in the presence of iron oxide and within a glass container is 75-518 degrees F (NFPA, 1994).
- Adding 10% iron oxide to guanidinium perchlorate reduces the thermal stability of the salt (Urben, 1995).
- When ignited, a powdered mixture of methylammonium nitrate with iron oxide and chloride will burn vigorously and will produce molten iron (Urben, 1995).
- An explosive reaction results when iron oxide is heated with guanidinium perchlorate (Lewis, 1996).
- An explosive product may result from a reaction with carbon monoxide (Lewis, 1996).
- Wet iron oxide in contact with molten aluminum-magnesium alloys will react explosively (Lewis, 1996).
- Iron oxide serves as a catalyst for potentially explosive ethylene oxide polymerization (Lewis, 1996).
- Iron oxide mixed with calcium hypochlorite has caused explosions within the containers. The explosion is caused by the reaction between the hypochlorite and oxide catalysts, which evolves oxygen (NFPA, 1994).
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
- LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away.
- Ventilate areas containing hazardous amounts of iron oxide fume. Ensure that vapors are dispersed. Restrict persons not wearing proper protective clothing and equipment from hazard area (HSDB , 1999).
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS1309-37-1 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS1309-37-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
Listed as Iron oxide (Ferric oxide) TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 10 TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 15 TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 400 TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500 Definitions: TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects. TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.
- AEGL Values for CAS1309-37-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS1309-37-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 170 (ERG, 2004) Ventilate areas containing hazardous amounts of iron oxide fume. Ensure that vapors are dispersed. Restrict persons not wearing proper protective clothing and equipment from hazard area (HSDB , 1999).
"At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices" (HSDB , 1999). Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.
-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION HAZARD
- The alpha and gamma forms of iron oxide occur naturally as the minerals hematite and maghemite, respectively (Budavari, 1996).
- Iron oxide fume is emitted to the air during the arc-welding of ferrous alloys, or, generally, when materials containing iron are vigorously heated (ACGIH, 1991; Sittig, 1991).
ABIOTIC DEGRADATION
- No information found at the time of this review.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
- No information found at the time of this review.
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- The physical appearance of iron oxide depends on the particles' shapes, sizes, and degrees of hydration (ACGIH, 1991).
- Iron oxide solid and vapor are reddish-brown in color (ACGIH, 1991; NIOSH , 1999).
- The compound exists as trigonal crystals that are reddish-brown to black in color (HSDB , 1999).
VAPOR PRESSURE
- O mmHg at 20 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)
DENSITY
- TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED
5.24 g/cm(3) (ACGIH, 1991; NIOSH , 1999) 5.12-5.24 g/cm(3) (Lewis, 1993)
FREEZING/MELTING POINT
1538 degrees C (decomposition) (ITI, 1995) 1565 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1993) 1595 degrees C (Sittig, 1991)
BOILING POINT
FLASH POINT
- Not Applicable (NIOSH , 1999)
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
SOLUBILITY
The compound is soluble in sulfuric and hydrochloric acids and slightly soluble in nitric acid (ACGIH, 1991). Lewis (1993) describes iron oxide as generally soluble in acids (Lewis, 1993).
OTHER/PHYSICAL
-REFERENCES
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