HYDROGEN SELENIDE
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
Acido selenhidrico Anhydrous hydrogen selenide Dihydrogenselenid Dihydrogen selenide Electronic E-2 Hidrogeno selenide, anhydrous Hydrogene selenie Hydrogene (seleniure d') Hydrogenselenid Hydrogen selenide Hydrogen selenide, anhydrous Hydroselenic acid Selan Selane Seleenwaterstof Selenium anhydride Selenium dihydride Selenium hydride Seleniuro de hidrogeno (Spanish) Selenvetni (vetnisselenio) Selenwasserstoff STlTniure d'hydrogene anhydre STITNIURE D'HYDROGENE ANHYDRE
IDENTIFIERS
SYNONYM REFERENCE
- (HSDB, 2004; LOLI, 2004; RTECS, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; Bingham et al, 2001)
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Hydrogen selenide is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of organoselenium compounds and metal selenides and as a dopant gas in semiconductor manufacturing (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2001; Lewis, 1998). It is also employed in lasers, emulsions, and chemical synthesis by metal selenides (HSDB, 2004; ACGIH, 2001).
At room temperature, hydrogen selenide is a colorless gas that carries an offensive odor resembling decaying horseradish (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; ACGIH, 2001). It may also exist as a colorless, liquefied compressed gas (the state in which it is shipped) (NIOSH, 2004; NIOSH ICSC, 1998). It is available as the 98% pure material (Lewis, 2001a; EPA, 1985) .
Hydrogen selenide may be produced by (Budavari, 2001): Heating selenium and hydrogen in a sealed tube at 440 degrees C; Passing a hydrogen and selenium vapor mixture over a pumice stone at 440 degrees C; Warming potassium or ferrous selenide with hydrochloric acid; and The action of water on aluminum selenide.
Hydrogen selenide is generated as a by-product of selenious acid use in etching and printing operations (HSDB, 2004). Hydrogen selenide is readily produced by the action of acids or water on metal selenides, or through the reaction between hydrogen and soluble selenium compounds (Pohanish, 2002; ACGIH, 2001) The reaction of selenium with organic matter will also produce hydrogen selenide (ACGIH, 2001).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Hydrogen selenide is a water soluble, colorless gas with a disagreeable, offensive odor resembling that of decaying horseradish. It can unite with most metals, forming metal selenides.
- Hydrogen selenide is irritating to the eyes, skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. It can cause a garlic odor of the breath, a metallic taste in the mouth, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and cyanosis, dizziness, fatigue, lassitude, nausea, and vomiting.
- The systemic toxicity of HYDROGEN SELENIDE is similar to that of SELENIOUS ACID, as reflected in the following discussion. Hydrogen selenide is absorbed following inhalation; it is unclear whether or not systemic absorption can occur from dermal exposure to the gas.
- Hyperglycemia has been reported in one case of acute hydrogen selenide poisoning.
- A variety of gastrointestinal complaints, nail deformities, dental caries, conjunctivitis, and a garlicky odor to the breath have been noted in female workers chronically exposed to hydrogen selenide.
- Severe dyspnea and pneumo-mediastinum developed in a young man overexposed to hydrogen selenide; persistent obstructive and restrictive lung disease was noted as a sequela.
- Refer to the Selenious Acid management as necessary for more information.
Patients ingesting selenious acid in gun blueing compounds have developed hypersalivation, a garlic odor of the breath, copious vomiting with or without hematemesis, diarrhea, restlessness, muscle spasms, elevated blood pressure, and tachycardia. Hypotension secondary to both low peripheral vascular resistance and toxic cardiomyopathy can occur and the resultant shock may be a cause of early deaths. Pulmonary edema may be seen. Esophageal, pharyngeal, and gastrointestinal tract burns or erosions have been described in many cases of ingestion. Seizures and coma have also been noted following acute ingestion. A peculiar orange-brown discoloration of the skin and viscera has been noted in fatal ingestions. Liver and kidney injury may occur.
Inhalation exposures are to fumes of selenium dioxide (selenium oxide), and have produced bronchospasm, coughing, gagging, and a transient loss of consciousness in some cases. The initial symptoms following inhalation exposure are a sensation of constriction in the chest, irritation and a burning sensation in the upper respiratory tract, coughing, gagging, nausea and vomiting, a burning sensation of the skin, conjunctivitis, and a bitter acid taste in the mouth. Tachycardia, tachypnea, and mild hypotension may also occur.
The acute phase symptoms may then subside following cessation of exposure, but secondary symptoms may develop over the following two to 12 hour hours consisting of chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise, headache, fever, cyanosis, respiratory distress, bronchospasm, leukocytosis, and chemical pneumonitis with pulmonary infiltrates and atelectasis.
Dermal exposures to selenium dioxide (selenium oxide) can produce dermatitis and paronychia. Precipitation of small amounts of amorphous selenium in the tissues can cause a red staining of the fingers, teeth, and hair. Dermal burns can result from skin contact, and systemic absorption may occur through denuded areas. Necrotizing skin lesions can occur if selenium dioxide gets inside rubber gloves. Liver and kidney injury can follow serious poisoning from dermal exposure. If this compound penetrates beneath the free edge of the fingernails, excruciating pain may result.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
TOXIC; Extremely Hazardous. May be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Initial odor may be irritating or foul and may deaden your sense of smell. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Based on its acute inhalation LC50 of 20 mg/m(3) in rats (RTECS , 1993), hydrogen selenide is a HIGHLY TOXIC substance. It is absorbed following inhalation (EPA, 1985; AAR, 1987; Sax & Lewis, 1987); it is unclear whether or not systemic absorption can occur from dermal exposure to the gas.
- Hydrogen selenide is irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987). It can cause a garlic-like odor of the breath, a metallic taste in the mouth, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis, dizziness, fatigue, lassitude, nausea, and vomiting (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987; HSDB , 1993; Finkel, 1983; Proctor et al, 1988; Buchan, 1947). Hyperglycemia has been reported in one case of acute hydrogen selenide poisoning (HSDB , 1993).
- Esophageal, pharyngeal, and gastrointestinal tract burns or erosions have been described in many cases of ingestion of selenious acid (Koppel et al, 1986; Matoba et al, 1986; Schellmann et al, 1986; Nantel et al, 1985). Patients ingesting selenious acid in gun blueing compounds have developed hypersalivation, a garlic-like odor of the breath, copious vomiting with or without hematemesis, diarrhea, restlessness, muscle spasms, elevated blood pressure, and tachycardia (Lombeck et al, 1987; Carter, 1966).
- Hypotension secondary to both low peripheral vascular resistance and toxic cardiomyopathy can occur; the resultant cardiovascular collapse may be a cause of early deaths (Matoba et al, 1986; (Normann et al, 1984; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988; Pentel et al, 1985). Pulmonary edema may occur (Carter, 1966). Seizures and coma have also been noted following acute selenious acid ingestion (Koppel et al, 1986).
- A peculiar orange-brown discoloration of the skin and viscera has been noted in fatal selenious acid ingestions (Koppel et al, 1986). Liver and kidney injury may occur (Matoba et al, 1986; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).
- Experimental animals poisoned with hydrogen selenide have developed liver injury (HSDB , 1993; ACGIH, 1986; Proctor et al, 1988).
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- A variety of gastrointestinal complaints, nail deformities, dental caries, conjunctivitis, and a garlic-like odor of the breath have been noted in female workers chronically exposed to hydrogen selenide (Alderman & Bergin, 1986).
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Keep victim under observation. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
FIRST AID EYE EXPOSURE - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection. DERMAL EXPOSURE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water. INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, respiratory system, and liver(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).(OSHA, 2000).
INHALATION EXPOSURE INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. Initial respiratory tract irritation may appear to improve, but can worsen between 2 and 12 hours after exposure. Patients with inhalation exposure should be treated with supplemental oxygen as soon as possible after rescue and should have a prolonged period of observation in a controlled setting with careful monitoring for the development of chemical pneumonitis. HYPOTENSION: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If hypotension persists, administer dopamine (5 to 20 mcg/kg/min) or norepinephrine (ADULT: begin infusion at 0.5 to 1 mcg/min; CHILD: begin infusion at 0.1 mcg/kg/min); titrate to desired response. SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue). Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years). Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.
ONSET: Onset of acute lung injury after toxic exposure may be delayed up to 24 to 72 hours after exposure in some cases. NON-PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT: The treatment of acute lung injury is primarily supportive (Cataletto, 2012). Maintain adequate ventilation and oxygenation with frequent monitoring of arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry. If a high FIO2 is required to maintain adequate oxygenation, mechanical ventilation and positive-end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may be required; ventilation with small tidal volumes (6 mL/kg) is preferred if ARDS develops (Haas, 2011; Stolbach & Hoffman, 2011). To minimize barotrauma and other complications, use the lowest amount of PEEP possible while maintaining adequate oxygenation. Use of smaller tidal volumes (6 mL/kg) and lower plateau pressures (30 cm water or less) has been associated with decreased mortality and more rapid weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients with ARDS (Brower et al, 2000). More treatment information may be obtained from ARDS Clinical Network website, NIH NHLBI ARDS Clinical Network Mechanical Ventilation Protocol Summary, http://www.ardsnet.org/node/77791 (NHLBI ARDS Network, 2008)
FLUIDS: Crystalloid solutions must be administered judiciously. Pulmonary artery monitoring may help. In general the pulmonary artery wedge pressure should be kept relatively low while still maintaining adequate cardiac output, blood pressure and urine output (Stolbach & Hoffman, 2011). ANTIBIOTICS: Indicated only when there is evidence of infection (Artigas et al, 1998). EXPERIMENTAL THERAPY: Partial liquid ventilation has shown promise in preliminary studies (Kollef & Schuster, 1995). CALFACTANT: In a multicenter, randomized, blinded trial, endotracheal instillation of 2 doses of 80 mL/m(2) calfactant (35 mg/mL of phospholipid suspension in saline) in infants, children, and adolescents with acute lung injury resulted in acute improvement in oxygenation and lower mortality; however, no significant decrease in the course of respiratory failure measured by duration of ventilator therapy, intensive care unit, or hospital stay was noted. Adverse effects (transient hypoxia and hypotension) were more frequent in calfactant patients, but these effects were mild and did not require withdrawal from the study (Wilson et al, 2005). However, in a multicenter, randomized, controlled, and masked trial, endotracheal instillation of up to 3 doses of calfactant (30 mg) in adults only with acute lung injury/ARDS due to direct lung injury was not associated with improved oxygenation and longer term benefits compared to the placebo group. It was also associated with significant increases in hypoxia and hypotension (Willson et al, 2015). If shock or cardiopulmonary arrest occur, standard Advanced Cardiac Life Support procedures should be followed, although these have often not been effective. Monitor EKG, vital signs, and urine output carefully.
DERMAL EXPOSURE If frostbite has occurred, DO NOT flush the affected areas with water, or attempt to remove clothing. Do not institute rewarming unless complete rewarming can be assured; refreezing thawed tissue increases tissue damage. Rewarming may be associated with increasing pain, requiring narcotic analgesics. Digits should be separated by sterile absorbent cotton; no constrictive dressings should be used. Extremities should be kept on sterile sheets and a protective cradle should be used to keep the pressure of the bedding off the extremities. If frostbite has not occurred, wash exposed area extremely thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persist. Treatment should include recommendations listed in the INHALATION EXPOSURE section when appropriate.
EYE EXPOSURE If frostbite has occurred, DO NOT flush with water; early ophthalmologic consultation should be obtained. If frostbite has not occurred, exposed eyes should be irrigated with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility.
ORAL EXPOSURE Because of the potential for seizures and shock, DO NOT induce emesis. PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002). In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis. The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).
Treatment should include recommendations listed in the INHALATION EXPOSURE section when appropriate.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated. It has been theorized that there are no known human fatalities from the acute inhalation of hydrogen selenide because it is readily oxidized to red selenium on the mucous membrane surface of the nose and throat (NIOSH, 1996).
In rabbits, hydrogen selenide at concentrations of 1 to 4 mcg/L caused death following 8 to 12 hours of inhalation (HSDB, 2004). In guinea pigs, a 2-hour exposure to 10 ppm of hydrogen selenide caused a high incidence of death (HSDB, 2004). At a concentration of 0.3 ppm (1 mg/m(3)), 50% of exposed guinea pigs died after a single 8-hour exposure (ACGIH, 2001). Deaths occurred in guinea pigs following inhalation exposure to hydrogen selenide (ATSDR, 1996): Six of 16 died at exposure concentrations of 12 mg selenium/m(3) for 2 hours. Three of 16 died at exposure concentrations of 6 mg selenium/m(3) for 4 hours. Eight of 16 died at exposure concentrations of 6 mg selenium/m(3) for 8 hours.
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
In humans, a hydrogen selenide concentration of 1.5 ppm (5 mg/m(3)) was intolerable because of eye and upper respiratory irritation; 0.3 ppm (1 mg/m(3)) did not cause irritation with a few minutes exposure (ACGIH, 2001). Exposure to hydrogen selenide at levels as low as 0.7 mg/m(3) may cause acute intoxication and irritate the respiratory system (HSDB, 2004). CASE SERIES OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE - Thirteen workers were evaluated following inadvertent exposure to 100% hydrogen sulfide gas. All complained of a garlic or metal odor. Severe chest pain, cough, dyspnea, wheezing and hypoxia were reported in workers closes to the point of the gas release. These workers also developed high fevers, leukocytosis, and pulmonary infiltrate with patchy atelectasis. Workers with moderate exposure (further from the point of release) were initially asymptomatic, but became short of breath and hypoxic within hours. There were no fatalities and no reports of acute liver or renal toxicity (Shrestha et al, 2002). The authors concluded that symptoms may be delayed and are dependent on the degree of exposure. HEALTH CARE WORKERS EXPOSED - A physician that was treating one of the more severely injured workers for over an hour in a large closed treatment room developed burning eyes, nose, throat, dry cough, and laryngitis. Another physician developed mucous membrane irritation and headache. A nurse with a history of asthma, that helped to decontaminate one patient, developed asthma exacerbation and was unable to work for 2 weeks. The authors suggested that exposure was likely due to exhaled patient air; adequate ventilation is suggested along with skin and clothing decontamination (Shrestha et al, 2002b).
CASE REPORTS Subacute occupational exposure to < 0.2 ppm of hydrogen selenide caused symptomatic poisoning in five laboratory workers; symptoms included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, garlic odor of the breath, metallic taste in the mouth, vertigo, fatigue and lassitude (ACGIH, 2001; Bingham et al, 2001a; Hathaway et al, 1996a). A 21-year old, caucasian female student working with hydrogen selenide in an engineering lab was exposed to the gas (concentration unspecified) at least once weekly for approximately one year. She developed chronic diarrhea, abdominal pains, garlic-odor breath, and six dental carries. Symptoms disappeared after cessation of exposure (HSDB, 2004; ACGIH, 2001; Alderman & Bergin, 1986). A 24-year old, caucasian male inhaled hydrogen selenide (concentration unspecified) as he was transferring the gas from one cylinder to another. He experienced immediate coughing and wheezing that improved after administration of oxygen. However, he was hospitalized 18 hours later due to recurrent cough and progressive dyspnea. The patient improved following additional treatment, yet continued to demonstrate reduced pulmonary function three years after the exposure (Schecter et al, 1980). ANIMAL DATA Cardiovascular effects and histopathological changes in adrenal glands were not observed in guinea pigs exposed to hydrogen selenide for 4 hours (at a concentration equivalent to 8 mg selenide/m(3)) (ATSDR, 1996). Acute inhalation of hydrogen selenide (concentration unspecified) did not cause apparent kidney effects in guinea pigs and rabbits (ATSDR, 1996).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7783-07-5 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Hydrogen selenide, as Se EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Hydrogen selenide MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Hydrogen selenide Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7783-07-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
LC50- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG: LCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG: 1 mg/m(3) for 8H (RTECS, 2004) 20 mg/m(3) for 1H (RTECS, 2004) 43 mg/m(3) for 30M (RTECS, 2004) 570 mg/m(3) for 10M (RTECS, 2004)
LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT: LCLo- (INHALATION)UNASSIGNED:
CALCULATIONS
1 ppm = 3.3 mg H2Se/m(3); 1 mg H2Se/m(3) = 0.3 ppm (at 25 degrees C and 760 torr)(ACGIH, 2001) 1 ppm = 3.31 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH, 2004)
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7783-07-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7783-07-5 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7783-07-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS7783-07-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7783-07-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7783-07-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7783-07-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7783-07-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7783-07-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
Listed as: Hydrogen Selenide Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 10 Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds: Note(s): Not Listed
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7783-07-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7783-07-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7783-07-5 (EPA, 2005):
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2202 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2202 (ICAO, 2002):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7783-07-5 (NFPA, 2002):
-HANDLING AND STORAGE
HANDLING
- Hydrogen selenide is an inhalation, ingestion, and contact hazard. Wear eye protection, protective gloves, chemical resistant clothing, and respirator when working with or around this chemical(Pohanish, 2002).
- Skin contact with liquefied hydrogen selenide can cause frostbite; wear appropriate protective clothing, such as cold-insulating gloves, when handling the liquid or its containers (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Hydrogen selenide is a flammable gas. Keep it separated from heat, flames, or other sources of ignition (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Use only non-sparking tools and equipment when working with hydrogen selenide, especially when opening and closing containers (Pohanish, 2002).
- Use explosion-proof electrical equipment, lighting, and fittings in areas where hydrogen selenide is manufactured, handled, used, or stored (Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Ground and bond metal containers when transferring hydrogen selenide (Pohanish, 2002).
STORAGE
Containers should be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame-arresters (Pohanish, 2002).
- ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS
Store hydrogen selenide in a cool, fireproof location, away from incompatible materials, heat, and ignition sources (NIOSH ICSC, 1998). Hydrogen selenide should be stored in a location where water will not leak or seep in (ITI, 1995).
Hydrogen selenide is incompatible with strong acids, oxidizers, water, and halogenated hydrocarbons (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002).
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- Hydrogen selenide presents an inhalation, ingestion, and contact hazard. Take precautions to prevent exposure. Wear eye protection, protective gloves, and chemical resistant clothing to prevent eye and skin contact with this chemical. Respiratory protection is also recommended (Pohanish, 2002).
- Skin contact with liquefied hydrogen selenide will cause frostbite; wear appropriate protective clothing, such as cold-insulating gloves, when handling the liquid or its containers (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
EYE/FACE PROTECTION
- When working with or around hydrogen selenide, wear eye protection, such as splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield, unless a full facepiece respirator is worn (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002).
- Do not wear contact lenses when working with this chemical (Pohanish, 2002).
- An eyewash and emergency safety shower should be provided in the area(s) where hydrogen selenide is used (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002).
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
- Avoid breathing hydrogen selenide gas. Wear a NIOSH-approved half-facepiece or fullface supplied-air respirator (Pohanish, 2002).
- If hydrogen selenide gas is inhaled, move the victim to fresh air, and seek medical attention (Pohanish, 2002).
- Persons exposed to high concentrations of hydrogen selenide should be monitored for up to 48 hours following inhalation, since the onset of pulmonary edema may be delayed (HSDB, 2004; Pohanish, 2002).
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7783-07-5.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
- A closed system and ventilation should be used to minimize risk of inhalation exposure (NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
OTHER
- INDUSTRIAL DECONTAMINATION
If hydrogen selenide contacts the skin, and frostbite has not occurred, immediately wash affected area(s) with soap and water. Remove any contaminated clothing, shoes, or equipment. Seek medical attention right away (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002). If clothing becomes contaminated with hydrogen selenide, remove it immediately due to the flammability hazard posed by the chemical (NIOSH, 2004). Wash contaminated skin with 10% aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (ITI, 1995).
If hydrogen selenide contacts the skin, and frostbite occurs, seek medical attention immediately. Do not remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. Do not rub or wash affected areas (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998). If hydrogen selenide contacts the eye(s), and frostbite has not occurred, first remove contact lenses if present, then immediately flush the eye(s) with water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Seek medical attention right away (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002). If hydrogen selenide contacts the eye(s), and frostbite occurs, seek medical attention immediately(NIOSH, 2004).
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004) These materials are extremely flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Hydrogen selenide is a flammable gas (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998). Violent reactions can occur on contact between hydrogen selenide and oxidizers (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid), causing a fire hazard (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2001; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998; Pohanish & Greene, 1997). Contact between hydrogen selenide and acids, water, and/or halogenated hydrocarbons can result in fire (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7783-07-5 (NFPA, 2002):
- INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES
Hydrogen selenide is a flammable gas, and will form an explosive mixture with air(Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.
- TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7783-07-5 (NFPA, 2002):
- If hydrogen selenide is involved in a fire, attempt to shut off supply of the chemical. If unable to do so, allow the fire to burn itself out, so long as it does not pose an undue risk to the surrounding area (NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Do not attempt to extinguish fire unless flow of hydrogen selenide can be stopped (AAR, 2002; Pohanish, 2002).
- Extinguish hydrogen selenide fires using powder, dry chemical, or carbon dioxode extinguisher (Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Use water in flooding amounts as a fog. Cool exposed containers by spraying them with water (AAR, 2002; Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Fire fighting personnel should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing (Pohanish, 2002).
- Remain upwind and uphill of the fire (Pohanish, 2002).
- Consider evacuating everyone within a one mile radius if the fire is prolonged, uncontrollable, or results in containers of hydrogen selenide being exposed directly to flames (AAR, 2002).
- If chemical or fire-fighting runoff enters waterways, inform downstream users, as well as local health, fire, and pollution control officials (Pohanish, 2002).
On heating above 100 degrees C, hydrogen selenide emits the toxic and flammable decomposition products of hydrogen and selenium (Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
EXPLOSION HAZARD
- Hydrogen selenide forms an explosive mixture with air (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Violent reactions can occur on contact between hydrogen selenide and oxidizers (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid), causing an explosion hazard (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2001; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- Contact between hydrogen selenide and acids, water, and/or halogenated hydrocarbons can result in explosions (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- Containers of hydrogen selenide can explode when exposed to open flames (Pohanish, 2002).
- Vapors may collect in confined spaces and explode on exposure to flame (Pohanish, 2002).
DUST/VAPOR HAZARD
- Hydrogen selenide is a highly toxic, flammable, and explosive gas (AAR, 2002; Lewis, 2001; Lewis, 1998).
Inhalation of hydrogen selenide gas may cause coughing; sneezing; difficulty breathing; irritation of the mouth and nose; dizziness; lassitude; nausea; vomiting; and diarrhea. At elevated levels or prolonged exposure, it may cause lung and liver damage, pneumonitis and/or pulmonary edema, which can result in death (Pohanish, 2002; ACGIH, 2001a; Budavari, 2001; NIOSH ICSC, 1998). Contact with the gas may cause skin and eye irritation; conjunctivitis; red coloration of the nails; a burning sensation; and/or skin rash (Pohanish, 2002; Budavari, 2001; Lewis, 2000). Hydrogen selenide gas forms explosive mixtures with air (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Hydrogen selenide is heavier than air, and may migrate along the ground, creating a distant ignition and flashback hazard (Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Prolonged exposure to heat or flames may cause canisters of hydrogen selenide gas to rupture or rocket violently (AAR, 2002).
- Vapors may collect in confined spaces and explode on exposure to flame (Pohanish, 2002).
- On heating above 100 degrees C, hydrogen selenide emits the toxic and flammable decomposition products of hydrogen and selenium (NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- On contact with air, hydrogen selenide will evolve toxic and corrosive fumes of selenium dioxide (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
REACTIVITY HAZARD
- On contact with air, hydrogen selenide can form an explosive mixture that can generate toxic and corrosive selenium dioxide fumes (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
- Violent reactions can occur on contact with oxidizers (e.g., hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid), causing fire and explosion hazards (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2001; Lewis, 2000; NIOSH ICSC, 1998; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Hydrogen selenide and hydrogen peroxide undergo rapid decomposition (NFPA, 2002). Fuming nitric acid and hydrogen selenide react with incandescence (NFPA, 2002).
- Contact between hydrogen selenide and acids, water, and/or halogenated hydrocarbons can result in fire and explosions (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)
Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used. Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages. Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.
- SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
- Remove persons from area of inhalation exposure. Perform rescue breathing and CPR, or provide oxygen as needed. Seek medical attention (AAR, 2002; Pohanish, 2002).
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7783-07-5 (AIHA, 2006):
Listed as Hydrogen Selenide ERPG-1 (units = ppm): Not appropriate ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 0.2 ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 2 Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No Definitions: ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor. ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action. ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS7783-07-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
Listed as Hydrogen selenide TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.05 TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.1 TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 0.73 TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 2.2 Definitions: TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects. TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.
- AEGL Values for CAS7783-07-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7783-07-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
IDLH: 1 ppm Note(s): Not Listed
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. Consider igniting spill or leak to eliminate toxic gas concerns.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 117 (ERG, 2004) Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Spills or releases of hydrogen selenide should be handled only by trained personnel wearing protective equipment. Evacuate other workers from the area (Pohanish, 2002). Remove or extinguish all ignition sources from the area (AAR, 2002; Pohanish, 2002). Ventilate the area. Attempt to stop the leak of gas or liquid if it can be done without undue risk. If flow cannot be stopped, move the leaking container to a safe location outdoors (Pohanish, 2002). Prevent the chemical from entering into a confined space (e.g., sewer) because of the possible explosion hazard (Pohanish, 2002). For spills of liquid hydrogen selenide, absorb the chemical using vermiculite, dry sand, peat, carbon, or other absorbent material, and place in sealed container (Pohanish, 2002). Never direct water spray on liquid hydrogen selenide (NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
After donning protective gear and fitting the cylinder with appropriate control valve and hose, slowly discharge the hydrogen selenide gas into 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide. Carefully add concentrated hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydroxide solution until it is strongly acidic, then add sodium sulfite until the reaction ceases. Let stand for 24 hours, then filter and dry the precipitate of selenium metal for disposal or recycling (Armour, 2003). Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.
-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION HAZARD
- Hydrogen selenide is used in industry as a chemical intermediate in the production of organoselenium compounds and metal selenides, and as a dopant gas in semiconductor manufacturing (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2001; Lewis, 1998).
- Hydrogen selenide may be accidentally released to the environment during industrial use, or during storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal (HSDB, 2004).
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS
In the atmosphere, hydrogen selenide gas decomposes rapidly to form elemental selenium and water (HSDB, 2004; Budavari, 2001).
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
- No information found at the time of this review.
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- At room temperature, hydrogen selenide is a colorless gas that carries an offensive odor resembling decaying horseradish (NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish, 2002; ACGIH, 2001).
- Hydogen selenide may also exist as a colorless, liquefied compressed gas (the state in which it is shipped) (NIOSH, 2004; NIOSH ICSC, 1998).
VAPOR PRESSURE
- 1.75 atm (at -30 degrees C) (Budavari, 2001)
- 4.5 atm (at 0.2 degrees C) (Budavari, 2001)
- 9.5 atm (at 70 degrees F) (NIOSH, 2004)
- 878 kPa (at 21 degrees C) (NIOSH ICSC, 1998)
- 10 atm (at 23.4 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000)
- 12 atm (at 30.8 degrees C) (Budavari, 2001)
- 9.12 x 10(3) torr (at 30.8 degrees C) (ACGIH, 2001)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE
2.12 (4/-42 degrees C) (Budavari, 2001) 2.12 (at -42 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000)
- TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED
DENSITY
- NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
- TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED
FREEZING/MELTING POINT
-64 degrees C (Lewis, 2001a) -87 degrees F (NIOSH, 2004)
-64 degrees C (Lewis, 2000) -65.73 degrees C (ACGIH, 2001; Budavari, 2001; Lide, 1996) -66 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001; NIOSH ICSC, 1998)
BOILING POINT
- -41 degrees C (Pohanish, 2002; NIOSH ICSC, 1998)
- -41.25 degrees C (Lide, 1996)
- -41.3 degrees C (Budavari, 2001)
- -41.4 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)
- -41.5 degrees C (ACGIH, 2001)
- -42 degrees C (NIOSH, 2004; Lewis, 2001a)
SOLUBILITY
377 mL/100 mL (at 4 degrees C) (Budavari, 2001) 270 mL/100 mL (at 22.5 degrees C) (ACGIH, 2001; Budavari, 2001; NIOSH ICSC, 1998) 0.9% (at 73 degrees F) (NIOSH, 2004) -0.0842 moles/L (at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg) (HSDB, 2004) Hydrogen selenide is soluble in water (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2001a; Lide, 1996).
Hydrogen selenide is soluble in carbon disulfide and carbonyl chloride (ACGIH, 2001; Budavari, 2001; Lewis, 2001a)
OTHER/PHYSICAL
0.3 ppm (Pohanish, 2002; ACGIH, 2001; Lewis, 2000) 0.0016 mg/m(3) - 12 mg/m(3) (HSDB, 2004) Olfactory fatigue may affect the ability to detect the odor of hydrogen selenide below 1 ppm (Pohanish, 2002; Lewis, 2000).
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