ALACHLOR AND RELATED AGENTS

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

ALACHLOR - C14-H20-CI-N-O2 (HSDB, 2009)
BUTACHLOR - C17-H26-CI-N-O2 (HSDB, 2009)

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

ALACHLOR - Used in the US as an aniline (chloracetanilide) pesticide and herbicide. It is also used in South America, and Asia (HSDB, 2009; Lo et al, 2008). Because of possible carcinogenesis, alachlor was taken off the market in Canada in 1986 (Sun, 1986).
BUTACHLOR - Used as a pesticide and herbicide (HSDB, 2009). It is mostly used in South America and Asia (eg; Taiwan) (Lo et al, 2008).

FORMS

ALACHLOR - Alachlor is used in the United States, South America, and Asia (Lo et al, 2008). It is available as 15% granular, 4 Ib/gal emulsifiable concentrate and 4 Ib/gal flowable formulations, prepack formulation containing 2.5 Ib alachlor and 1.5 Ib of atrazine per gal (HSDB, 2009).
BUTACHLOR - Butachlor, an analog of alachlor, is not available in the US (HSDB, 2009).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Alachlor is used in the US as an aniline (chloracetanilide) pesticide or herbicide. Because of possible carcinogenesis, alachlor was taken off the market in Canada in 1986. Butachlor, an analog of alachlor, is not available in the US.

TOXICOLOGY: The specific mechanism for the development of toxicity following exposure to alachlor or butachlor is unknown.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Widely used in the world but human data on acute poisoning following exposure are limited.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE POISONING: COMMON (10% to 23%): Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, confusion/agitation, dyspnea or hypoxemia, and mucosa injury. The following adverse effects have also been reported: Drowsiness, weakness, confusion, weakness, , hypertension, bradycardia, tachyarrhythmia, chest tightness, dizziness, eye irritation, mydriasis/miosis, salivation, diaphoresis, fever, rhabdomyolysis, hyponatremia, incontinence, hematuria/proteinuria, abnormal liver enzymes, and leukocytosis. Allergic contact dermatitis has also been reported.
SEVERE POISONING: Profound hypotension, seizures, coma, respiratory failure, acute renal failure, ventricular dysrhythmias.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

Activated charcoal is not recommended because of the potential for somnolence and rarely, seizures.

DILUTION

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

Treatment is symptomatic and supportive; there are no specific antidotes.
ORAL EXPOSURE

Activated charcoal is not recommended because of the potential for somnolence and rarely, seizures.
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

Remove contaminated clothing and remove particulate matter adherent to skin. Irrigate exposed skin with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes or longer, depending on the concentration, amount and duration of exposure to the chemical. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists after washing.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

ALACHLOR: A 40-year-old woman presented with agitation, diaphoresis, dry mouth, and mydriasis after ingesting 1800 mg/kg of alachlor in a suicide attempt. Her condition progressively worsened and she developed hypotension, tachycardia, acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis, and deep coma within 3 hours of ingestion. Despite supportive treatment, she died due to profound shock 24 hours after ingestion (Lo et al, 2008).
ALACHLOR: A 76-year-old woman with a past medical history of atrial fibrillation developed confusion, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and hand tremor after ingesting approximately 3750 mg/kg of alachlor. One hour after ingestion, she presented comatose (Glasgow Coma Score of 9) and an ECG showed multiple premature ventricular contractions. Her condition deteriorated and she developed hypotension, bradycardia, and generalized seizures. Despite supportive treatment, she died 32 hours post-ingestion (Lo et al, 2008).
ALACHLOR: A 72-year-old woman developed hypotension after ingesting 2250 mg/kg of alachlor in a suicide attempt. Despite aggressive supportive therapy, her condition worsened and she developed profound shock, hyponatremia (serum sodium 129 mmol/L) and hypokalemia (serum potassium 2.5 mmol/L) and died 12 hours later (Lo et al, 2008).
ALACHLOR: A 75-year-old woman became hypotensive and comatose within 3 hours after intentionally ingesting 300 mL of alachlor. The patient developed cardiogenic shock and died 24 hours post-ingestion (Seok et al, 2012).
BUTACHLOR: A 78-year-old woman ingested approximately 500 mL of a herbicide containing butachlor and chlornitrofen and subsequently developed hematochezia, hematemesis, generalized seizures, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and coma. Despite supportive care, the patient died nine days post-ingestion (Lin et al, 2001).

ANIMAL DATA

Rats who inhaled 32.6 milligrams/liter died (Gosselin et al, 1984).
Rats given 52 and 104 milligrams/kilogram for 4 months showed no toxicity, but did exhibit changes in blood catalase and peroxidase. BUN increased as did cholinesterase (Izmerov, 1985).
Rats given 1, 3.5 and 10.4 milligrams/kilogram/day for 11 months showed no sign of toxicity.
Rats who had 1000 milligrams/kilogram acutely applied to skin and those that had 100 milligrams/kilogram/day applied for 2 weeks showed no signs or symptoms (Izmerov, 1985).
The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

In a retrospective study of human alachlor (n=63) and butachlor (n=70) poisoning in Taiwan, 28 out of 102 patients with oral exposure were asymptomatic. The estimated median ingested amounts for alachlor and butachlor were 1079 mg/kg (range 75 to 4510) and 180 mg/kg (range 17 to 2880), respectively. Minor, moderate, major effects (gastrointestinal (eg; nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain), CNS (eg; drowsiness, weakness, seizures, coma), respiratory (eg; dyspnea, respiratory failure), cardiovascular (eg; hypotension, hypertension, tachyarrhythmia), and dermal effects (eg; mucosa injury) were reported in 56, 13, and 2 patients, respectively (Lo et al, 2008).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS15972-60-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Alachlor

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Alachlor
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS15972-60-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 1x10(-2) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

ALACHLOR
- LC50- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
BUTACHLOR
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS15972-60-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Alachlor

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 1 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: IFV, SEN
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
IFV: Inhalable fraction and vapor.
SEN: The designation SEN refers to the potential for an agent to produce sensitization, as confirmed by human or animal data. The notation does not imply that this is the critical effect or that this is the sole basis for the TLV. Although, for those TLVs that are based on sensitization, the TLV is meant to protect workers from induction of this effect, but cannot protect workers who have already become sensitized. The notation should be used to assist in identifying sensitization hazards and reducing respiratory, dermal, and conjunctival exposures to sensitizing agents in the workplace. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Hemosiderosis
Molecular Weight: 269.8

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS15972-60-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS15972-60-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS15972-60-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS15972-60-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS15972-60-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS15972-60-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS15972-60-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS15972-60-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS15972-60-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Alachlor
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS15972-60-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS15972-60-8 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS15972-60-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Do not store near heat or open flame (HSDB , 1993).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 15972-60-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS15972-60-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS15972-60-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, alachlor emits very toxic fumes of chlorides and oxides of nitrogen (Lewis, 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, alachlor emits very toxic fumes of chlorides and oxides of nitrogen (Lewis, 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, alachlor emits very toxic fumes of chlorides and oxides of nitrogen (Lewis, 1992).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS15972-60-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS15972-60-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS15972-60-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS15972-60-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1993).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Alachlor is not known to occur naturally (HSDB, 2003).

Alachlor is used as a selective pre-emergence and early post-emergence herbicide on field corn, soybeans, dry beans, potatoes, cotton, sugarcane, sunflowers, tobacco, sorghum and peanuts to control annual grasses and many broad-leaved weeds. Release to the environment may occur during manufacture and particularly during the use of the herbicide (HSDB, 2003).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- The average persistence of alachlor at recommended application rates was 6 to 10 weeks. This time was reduced in sandy soils low in organic matter (HSDB , 1993).
- In soils, degradation is approximately 90% by microbial breakdown and approximately 10% by chemical breakdown (HSDB , 1993).
- Chemical transport of alachlor was monitored for the 1991 growing season in the root zones of three agricultural management systems. For the 2 to 3 month period following chemical application, the degradation rate constant of alachlor was 0.04 d(-1) with a half-life of 17 days. The degradation rate slowed with residence time in the soil as a result of decreased availability from sorption/binding in the soil (Workman et al, 1995).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES (HSDB , 1993):

LD50, mallards, oral, greater than 2000 mg/kg, males, 3 months of age
LC50 (1 day), carp, 1-year-old, 10.75 mg/L at 18-20 degrees C, pH 6.9, weight, 10 g
LC50 (2-day), carp, 1-year-old, 7.14 mg/L at 18 to 20 degrees C, pH 6.9, weight 10 g
LC50 (4-day), carp, 1-year-old, 4.60 mg/L at 18 to 20 degrees C, pH 6.9, weight 10 g
TLm, rainbow trout, 2.3 ppm/96 hours
TLm, bluegill, 13.4 ppm/96 hours
LD50, crayfish, 19.5 ppm in 96 hours
LD50, catfish, 6.5 ppm in 96 hours
LC50, pheasants, oral, greater than 10,000 ppm (8-day feeding)
LC50, bobwhite quail, 10 to 15 day-old, oral, greater than 5000 ppm (8-day feeding)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

ALACHLOR - 269.8 (HSDB, 2009)

BUTACHLOR - 311.9 (HSDB, 2009)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

ALACHLOR - An odorless, colorless to yellow crystals or colorless to white crystalline solid or cream to wine-red colored solid; soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, and ethyl acetate (HSDB, 2009).

BUTACHLOR - Amber liquid or light yellow oil with faint, sweet odor; soluble in most organic solvents, including acetone, benzene, and ethanol (HSDB, 2009).

VAPOR PRESSURE

ALACHLOR - 2.2x10(-5) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 2009)

ALACHLOR - 0.02 mmHg (at 100 degrees C) (HSDB, 2009)

BUTACHLOR - 2.9 x 10(-6) mm Hg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 2009)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
ALACHLOR - SOLID: 1.133 g/cm(3) at 25 degrees C/15.6 degrees C (HSDB, 2009)
BUTACHLOR - 1.070 g/mL at 25 degrees C (HSDB, 2009)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

ALACHLOR - 40-41 degrees C (HSDB, 2009)
BUTACHLOR - less than -5 degree C (HSDB, 2009)

BOILING POINT

ALACHLOR - 100 degrees C (at 0.02 mmHg) (HSDB, 2009)

ALACHLOR - 135 degrees C (at 0.3 mmHg) (HSDB, 2009)

BUTACHLOR - 156 degrees C (at 0.5 mm Hg) (HSDB, 2009)

FLASH POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

ALACHLOR - 140 mg/L (at 23 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

ALACHLOR - This compound is soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, and ethyl acetate. It is slightly soluble in heptane (HSDB, 2009).
BUTACHLOR - This compound is soluble in most organic solvents, including acetone, benzene, and ethanol (HSDB, 2009).

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents