HYDRAZINES
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
CAS 302-01-2 UDMH 1,1-unsymmetrical di-methyl hydrazine MMH SDMH HYDRAZINE DIAMIDE DIAMINE HYDRAZINE, ANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS HYDRAZINE, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS with more than 64% hydrazine, by weight HYDRAZINE BASE HYDRAZYNA (Polish) NITROGEN HYDRIDE LEVOXINE OXYTREAT 35 MONOMETHYL HYDRAZINE HYDRAZOMETHANE (CAS 60-34-4) DMH (DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE) HYDRAZINECABOTHIOAMIDE
HYDRAZINE DIAMIDE DIAMINE HYDRAZINE, ANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS HYDRAZINE, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS with more than 64% hydrazine, by weight HYDRAZINE BASE HYDRAZYNA (Polish) NITROGEN HYDRIDE LEVOXINE OXYTREAT 35 MONOMETHYL HYDRAZINE HYDRAZOMETHANE (CAS 60-34-4) DMH (DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE) HYDRAZINECABOTHIOAMIDE
IDENTIFIERS
2029-Hydrazine, anhydrous 2030-Hydrazine, aqueous solutions, with more than 37% Hydrazine 2030-Hydrazine, aqueous solution, with not less than 37% but not more than 64% Hydrazine 3293-Hydrazine, aqueous solution, with not more than 37% Hydrazine 2029-Hydrazine, aqueous solutions, with more than 64% Hydrazine
132-FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE(for UN/NA Number2029) 153-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)(for UN/NA Number2030) 152-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)(for UN/NA Number3293)
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Hydrazine is used as a high-energy rocket propellant, in jet fuel, and in fuel cells. It is also used as a reducing agent for many elements; as a corrosion inhibitor in boiler water and reactor cooling water; in wastewater treatment and nuclear fuel reprocessing; and in electroplating (ITI, 1988; Lewis, 1993). Hydrazines are also used in the manufacture of certain drugs, dyes, photographic supplies, textile treatments, and in silvering of mirrors and plastics (Zelnick et al, 2003; Kauppinen et al, 1989). Hydrazine sulfate, which may influence carbohydrate metabolism, has been evaluated in clinical drug trials for its effects on anorexia and cachexia of advanced cancers, with disappointing results (Watanabe & Bruera, 1996).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- USES: Hydrazines have a variety of industrial applications including polymer chemistry, rocket fuels, and power plant regulation.
- TOXICOLOGY: Hydrazines inhibit pyridoxine kinase and to a lesser extent, glutamic acid decarboxylase resulting in decreased production of the GABA neurotransmitter. Hydrazine exposure can cause refractory seizures, hepatotoxicity, hemolysis, and skin/mucosal irritation.
- EPIDEMIOLOGY: Hydrazine exposure is rare and usually occurs in an industrial or laboratory setting. Death is rare in hydrazine exposure although prolonged hepatic injury has been reported.
MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Acute small volume/low concentration exposures have resulted in nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, local irritation, and CNS depression. Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause trembling, twitching, clonic movements, hyperactive reflexes, restlessness, ataxia, hypesthesia of the hands, paresthesias of the arms and legs, confusion, and lethargy. Hydrazine vapors are very irritating to mucous membranes. Hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported with dermal exposures. Chronic inhalational exposure in workers has resulted in a variety of gastrointestinal, skin, eyes, and pulmonary complaints. No evidence of increased morbidity or mortality in a series of 427 hydrazine plant workers followed for 47 years. SEVERE TOXICITY: Acute exposures can result in seizures metabolic acidosis, methemoglobinemia, hypotension, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, coma, and death. Hydrazine is hepatotoxic. Chronic exposure can result in hepatic encephalopathy. Pulmonary edema can occur after inhalational exposure. Dermal exposures to concentrated solutions can result in severe burns. Ocular exposures can result in corneal injury and temporary blindness.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
TOXICOLOGY: Hydrazines inhibit pyridoxine kinase and to a lesser extent, glutamic acid decarboxylase resulting in decreased production of the GABA neurotransmitter. Hydrazine exposure can cause refractory seizures, hepatotoxicity, hemolysis and skin/mucosal irritation. EPIDEMIOLOGY: Hydrazine exposure is rare and usually occurs in an industrial or laboratory setting. Death is rare in hydrazine exposure although prolonged hepatic injury has been reported. MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Acute small volume/low concentration exposures have resulted in nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, local irritation, and CNS depression. Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause trembling, twitching, clonic movements, hyperactive reflexes, restlessness, ataxia, hypesthesia of the hands, paresthesias of the arms and legs, confusion, and lethargy. Hydrazine vapors are very irritating to mucous membranes. Hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported with dermal exposures. Chronic inhalational exposure in workers has resulted in a variety of gastrointestinal, skin, eyes, and pulmonary complaints. No evidence of increased morbidity or mortality in a series of 427 hydrazine plant workers followed for 47 years. SEVERE TOXICITY: Acute exposures can result in seizures metabolic acidosis, methemoglobinemia, hypotension, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, coma, and death. Hydrazine is hepatotoxic. Chronic exposure can result in hepatic encephalopathy. Pulmonary edema can occur after inhalational exposure. Dermal exposures to concentrated solutions can result in severe burns. Ocular exposures can result in corneal injury and temporary blindness.
Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause hypotension and possibly heart failure. Chronic exposure can result in atrial fibrillation, enlargement of the heart, degeneration of heart muscle fibers (Makarovsky et al, 2008).
Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause skin irritation, contact dermatitis, edema, papules, urticaria, facial edema, and in severe cases caustic-like burns (Makarovsky et al, 2008). Hydrazine is corrosive to tissue (AAR, 1987). It can cause second or third degree burns from short contact (CHRIS , 1991).
Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause hyperglycemia followed by hypoglycemia (Makarovsky et al, 2008). Abnormalities in blood sugar measurements have been reported with hydrazine. These measurements may vary by the amount of glycogen in the liver. If glycogen stores are greater than 5 mg/g, then hyperglycemia (1 to 3 days after ingestion) will proceed to hypoglycemia. If glycogen stores are depleted, only hypoglycemia may be seen (Clark et al, 1968).
Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (Makarovsky et al, 2008; Sittig, 1985; Clayton & Clayton, 1981a; McGrath et al, 1952; Reid, 1965).
Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause nephritis. Chronic exposure can result in renal tubular necrosis, and renal insufficiency (Makarovsky et al, 2008). Hydrazines may cause kidney damage directly, or indirectly due to red blood cell hemolysis (Clayton & Clayton, 1981). Severe tubular necrosis and nephritis have been reported (Sotaniemi et al, 1971).
Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause eye irritation, conjunctivitis, miosis followed by mydriasis, cornea injury, and temporary blindness. Chronic exposure can result in lateral nystagmus (Makarovsky et al, 2008; Dhennin et al, 1988; Sotaniemi et al, 1971; Comstock et al, 1954). RHINITIS: Vapors may cause rhinitis (Makarovsky et al, 2008; ACGIH, 1986).
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: Hydrazine can induce hemolytic anemia (Makarovsky et al, 2008; ACGIH, 1986). METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause methemoglobinemia (Makarovsky et al, 2008). COAGULOPATHY: CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old man with squamous-cell carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus developed fatal hepatic encephalopathy, renal failure, profound coagulopathy (prothrombin time 19.5 seconds; platelets 111 x 10(9) cells/L) and severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage within 3 to 4 months of taking hydrazine sulfate (180 mg/day). Autopsy showed kidney autolysis and submassive bridging necrosis of the liver involving the centrilobular and midzonal regions (Hainer et al, 2000).
Hydrazine is a hepatotoxin, working in both the cell mitochondria and nucleus (Doull et al, 1980; Doull et al, 1986). Damage is especially prominent after chronic exposure. It produces fatty degeneration (ACGIH, 1986). The liver damage may be more severe than renal toxicity (EPA, 1985). Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause focal hepatic necrosis and cell degeneration, and fatty liver. Chronic exposure can result in hepatic encephalopathy (Makarovsky et al, 2008). CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old man with squamous-cell carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus developed fatal hepatic encephalopathy, renal failure, profound coagulopathy and severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage within 3 to 4 months of taking hydrazine sulfate (180 mg/day). Autopsy showed kidney autolysis and submassive bridging necrosis of the liver involving the centrilobular and midzonal regions (Hainer et al, 2000).
Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause trembling, twitching, clonic movements, hyperactive reflexes, restlessness, violent behavior, ataxia, hypesthesia of the hands, paresthesias of the arms and legs, confusion, lethargy, neurogenic atrophy, seizures, and coma (Makarovsky et al, 2008). COMA: Coma was reported 14 hours after exposure in a patient with a thermal burn secondary to a hydrazine explosion. Coma persisted for 60 hours, until 4 hours after initiation of pyridoxine therapy (Kirklin et al, 1976). IMPAIRED COGNITION: CASE REPORT: Deficits in concentration, comprehension, memory, task performance, and mood status were reported in a water technician with respiratory and dermal exposures (Richter et al, 1992). TOXIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: CASE REPORT: A 76-year-old man with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma developed severe encephalopathy after taking hydrazine sulfate 180 mg/day for 2 weeks followed by 360 mg/day for 5 weeks. Following symptomatic therapy and high-dose pyridoxine (5 grams IV), his encephalopathy resolved. He died 9 months later from progressive esophageal carcinoma (Nagappan & Riddell, 2000).
Acute exposure to hydrazine can cause nose and throat irritation, rhinorrhea, increased salivation, laryngitis, tachypnea, cough, wheezing, dyspnea, chemical pneumonitis, cyanosis, and acute lung injury. Chronic exposure can result in tracheitis, destruction of bronchial mucosa, and bronchitis (Makarovsky et al, 2008). Pulmonary irritation is present when workers are exposed to spills. Dyspnea and choking can occur hundreds of yards from spills of dimethylhydrazine (Shook & Cowart, 1957). CASE SERIES: After an F-16 aircraft pilot accidentally activated the emergency power units (EPU) containing a mixture of 70% hydrazines and 30% water, 11 ground crew members of an Air National Guard unit developed respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea, chest discomfort) and mucous membrane irritation. The crew members were exposed to the exhaust products (ammonia, hydrogen, and nitrogen gases, and small amounts of unburned hydrazine, water, aniline, and carbon dioxide) generated by catalytic decomposition of hydrazine and water. Five patients were evaluated; four of these were asymptomatic by the time they presented to hospital. All five had normal oxygen saturation and peak flow measurements. The only patient who was symptomatic on presentation was admitted overnight for observation and was asymptomatic the following day. (Erdman et al, 2002).
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Chronic exposure can result in lateral nystagmus, tracheitis, destruction of bronchial mucosa, bronchitis, hepatic encephalopathy, difficulties in concentration, comprehension, memory, and task performance, mood changes, insomnia, paresthesias, sensorimotor abnormalities, loss of the ability to sense vibrations, polyneuritis, atrial fibrillation, enlargement of the heart, degeneration of heart muscle fibers, renal tubular necrosis, renal insufficiency, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, and hypoalbuminemia (Makarovsky et al, 2008).
- In general, occupational exposures to hydrazine have been at low levels and there may not be suitable cohorts available for detailed retrospective studies (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
- No evidence of increased morbidity or mortality in a series of 427 hydrazine plant workers followed for 47 years (Morris et al, 1995).
- Occupational exposure has produced allergic contact dermatitis after approximately 5 months (Clayton & Clayton, 1994). Allergy to hydrazine may be common. In one study, the prevalence of positive patch tests to hydrazine in newly employed persons without previous known exposure was 20/42 (Roe FJ, 1977).
- In one case, an individual working with hydrazine at an airborne concentration of approximately 0.7 ppm once a week for 6 months developed lethargy, eye irritation, tremors, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatal liver, kidney, and heart damage (Clayton & Clayton, 1994) ACGIH, 1992).
- Cancer patients have tolerated oral hydrazine sulfate for several months with no apparent ill effects on liver function (Bozzetti et al, 1996).
- Repeated exposure of experimental animals to hydrazine can cause hemolytic anemia, fatty degeneration of the liver, hypoglycemia, and seizures (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
-FIRST AID
FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT
- PREHOSPITAL: Remove from exposure. Remove contaminated clothing, flush skin with water.
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
FIRST AID INHALATION EXPOSURE INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm. If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents. ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
DERMAL EXPOSURE DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999). Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
EYE EXPOSURE DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
ORAL EXPOSURE Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, do not induce emesis. Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
- CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old man with squamous-cell carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus developed fatal hepatic encephalopathy, renal failure, profound coagulopathy and severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage within 3 to 4 months of taking hydrazine sulfate (180 mg/day). Autopsy showed kidney autolysis and submassive bridging necrosis of the liver involving the centrilobular and midzonal regions (Hainer et al, 2000).
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
- TLV-TWA is 0.01 ppm (National Toxicology Program, 2011; American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010), 50 ppm is considered immediately dangerous to life and health (National Toxicology Program, 2011; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007). ATSDR an intermediate inhalation Minimal Risk Level (MRL) of 0.004 ppm (0.005 mg/m(3)) (Makarovsky et al, 2008).
- No evidence of increased morbidity or mortality in a series of 427 hydrazine plant workers followed for 47 years (Morris et al, 1995).
A 24-year-old man who ingested a mouthful of hydrazine developed mental status changes and hepatotoxicity (Harati & Niakan, 1986). Vomiting, weakness, and irregular breathing with recovery in 5 days occurred following ingestion of 20 to 30 mL of a 6% aqueous solution (ACGIH, 1991).
In a developmental toxicity study, rats were given oral doses of 0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg hydrazine (free base)/kg from days 6 to 15 of gestation. Maternal toxicity and fetal toxicity occurred at the 5 and 10 mg dose levels with 2.5 mg/kg being an apparent no-observed-effect level (ACGIH, 1991).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS302-01-2 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Hydrazine A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): B2 ; Listed as: Hydrazine/Hydrazine sulfate IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 2B ; Listed as: Hydrazine 2B : The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group.
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Hydrazine MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 2 ; Listed as: Hydrazine NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): R ; Listed as: Hydrazine
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS302-01-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
Oral: Inhalation: Unit Risk: 4.9 per mg/m3 RfC:
Drinking Water:
1,1-DMH LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG: LD50- (INHALATION)RAT: LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
1,2-DMH LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG: LD50- (INHALATION)RAT: LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
Hydrazine LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG: LD50- (INHALATION)RAT: LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
MH LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG: LD50- (INHALATION)RAT: LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS302-01-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS302-01-2 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS302-01-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
Listed as: Hydrazine REL: TWA: STEL: Ceiling: 0.03 ppm (0.04 mg/m(3)) [2-hour] Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards). Skin Designation: Not Listed Note(s): See Appendix A
IDLH:
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS302-01-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
Listed as: Hydrazine Table Z-1 for Hydrazine: 8-hour TWA: ppm: 1 mg/m3: 1.3 Ceiling Value: Skin Designation: Yes Notation(s): Not Listed
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS302-01-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS302-01-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS302-01-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS302-01-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
Listed as: Hydrazine P or U series number: U133 Footnote: Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS302-01-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
Listed as: Hydrazine Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 1 Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds: Note(s): Not Listed
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS302-01-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS302-01-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS302-01-2 (EPA, 2005):
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2029 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2030 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Hydrazine aqueous solution with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass Symbol(s): Not Listed Hazard class or Division: 8 Identification Number: UN2030 Packing Group: I Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8, 6.1 Special Provisions: 151, B16, B53, T10, TP2, TP13 151: If this material meets the definition of a flammable liquid in Sec. 173.120 of this subchapter, a FLAMMABLE LIQUID label is also required and the basic description on the shipping paper must indicate the Class 3 subsidiary hazard. B16: The lading must be completely covered with nitrogen, inert gas or other inert materials. B53: Packagings must be made of either aluminum or steel. T10: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 6 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited. TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively. TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: None Non-bulk packaging: 201 Bulk packaging: 243
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Hydrazine aqueous solution with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass Symbol(s): Not Listed Hazard class or Division: 8 Identification Number: UN2030 Packing Group: II Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8, 6.1 Special Provisions: B16, B53, IB2, T7, TP2, TP13 B16: The lading must be completely covered with nitrogen, inert gas or other inert materials. B53: Packagings must be made of either aluminum or steel. IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized. T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3). TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively. TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: None Non-bulk packaging: 202 Bulk packaging: 243
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Hydrazine aqueous solution with more than 37% hydrazine, by mass Symbol(s): Not Listed Hazard class or Division: 8 Identification Number: UN2030 Packing Group: III Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8, 6.1 Special Provisions: B16, B53, IB3, T4, TP1 B16: The lading must be completely covered with nitrogen, inert gas or other inert materials. B53: Packagings must be made of either aluminum or steel. IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672). T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3). TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.
Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***): Exceptions: 154 Non-bulk packaging: 203 Bulk packaging: 241
Quantity Limitations: Vessel Stowage Requirements:
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 3293 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2029 (ICAO, 2002):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2030 (ICAO, 2002):
- ICAO International Shipping Name for UN3293 (ICAO, 2002):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS302-01-2 (NFPA, 2002):
-HANDLING AND STORAGE
SUMMARY
Hydrazine is very sensitive and must not be used without full and complete instructions from the manufacturer for handling, storage, and disposal (Lewis, 1992). In order to reduce the flammability hazard and maintain purity, hydrazine is usually stored under nitrogen (HSDB, 1995).
STORAGE
Hydrazine may be stored for years, if sealed in glass and kept in a cool, dark place (Budavari, 1989).
- ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS
Hydrazine should be stored in a cool, dark place (Budavari, 1989). Detached storage is preferred. Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room or cabinet. Emergency water reservoir should be provided (NFPA, 1991).
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water (AAR, 1992).
- Compatible protective equipment construction materials that may be used with hydrazine include the following (AAR, 1992):
butyl rubber natural rubber nitrile rubber polyvinyl chloride
- Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure (HSDB, 1995).
EYE/FACE PROTECTION
- Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to hydrazine; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection (NIOSH, 1995).
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
- Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 302-01-2.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
Editor's Note: Information from more than one emergency response guide is associated with this material. POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004) Flammable/combustible materials. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004) Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004) Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Hydrazine is a flammable liquid. It is a very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizing agents (Lewis, 1992). Hydrazine burns with a violet flame (Budavari, 1989).
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS302-01-2 (NFPA, 2002):
- INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES
Hydrazine is a very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizing agents (Lewis, 1992). It ignites on contact with the following (Lewis, 1992; NFPA, 1991): cotton waste + heavy metals dinitrogen oxide rhenium + alumina catalysts nitric acid hydrogen peroxide N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline rust + heat chlorine
Hydrazine ignites spontaneously in air when absorbed on earth, asbestos, cloth, or wood (Lewis, 1992). The vapor will burn without air (Lewis, 1992). A hypergolic reaction with dinitrogen tetraoxide is the basis of a liquid rocket fuel mixture (Lewis, 1992).
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Do not get water inside containers.
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS302-01-2 (NFPA, 2002):
- Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to fight fire (AAR, 1992).
- Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. Flooding with water may be necessary to prevent reignition (NFPA, 1991).
- If fire involving hydrazine becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one-half mile radius (AAR, 1992).
EXPLOSION HAZARD
- Hydrazine is a severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame, or by chemical reaction (Lewis, 1992).
- It explodes during distillation if traces of air are present. It is also affected by UV and metal ion catalysts (Budavari, 1989).
On contact with metal catalysts (eg, platinum black; Raney nickel; copper-iron oxide; molybdenum; molybdenum oxides; iridium), hydrazine decomposes to ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen gases, which may ignite or explode (Lewis, 1992).
- Hydrazine explodes on contact with the following (Lewis, 1992; Bretherick, 1990):
- Hydrazine forms potentially explosive reactions with the following (Lewis, 1992; NFPA, 1991):
alkali metals ammonia chlorine chromates cupric oxide Cu++ salts fluorine metallic oxides nickel nickel perchlorate oxygen liquid oxygen potassium dichromate sodium dichromate tetryl zinc diamide zinc diethyl
- Hydrazine forms sensitive, explosive mixtures with the following (Lewis, 1992):
- Hydrazine forms a violent reaction with the following (Lewis, 1992):
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene oxidants (eg, iron oxide; chlorates; peroxides) thiocarbonyl azide thiocyanate
DUST/VAPOR HAZARD
- Hydrazine vapors are highly irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat (Budavari, 1989).
- The vapor will burn without air (Lewis, 1992).
REACTIVITY HAZARD
- Hydrazine is a highly polar solvent. It is a powerful reducing agent. It dissolves many inorganic substances (Budavari, 1989).
- Hydrazine reacts vigorously with most oxidizing materials. It is a strong alkali (NFPA, 1991).
- Hydrazine forms a vigorous reaction with the following (Lewis, 1992):
benzene-seleninic acid or anhydride carbon dioxide + stainless steel copper oxide lead oxide potassium peroxodisulfate ruthenium(III) chloride
- Refer to EXPLOSION HAZARD section for more information.
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
- LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
- SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.
- SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132(ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.
- If fire involving hydrazine becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one-half mile radius (AAR, 1992).
- If hydrazine is leaking (not on fire), consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location, and weather conditions (AAR, 1992).
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS302-01-2 (AIHA, 2006):
Listed as Hydrazine ERPG-1 (units = ppm): 0.5 ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 5 ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 30 Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No Definitions: ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor. ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action. ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS302-01-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
- AEGL Values for CAS302-01-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
Listed as: Hydrazine Final Value: AEGL-3 10 min exposure: ppm: 64 ppm mg/m3: 83 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 45 ppm mg/m3: 59 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 35 ppm mg/m3: 46 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 8.9 ppm mg/m3: 12 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 4.4 ppm mg/m3: 5.7 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.
Listed as: Hydrazine Final Value: AEGL-1 10 min exposure: ppm: 0.1 ppm mg/m3: 0.1 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 0.1 ppm mg/m3: 0.1 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 0.1 ppm mg/m3: 0.1 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 0.1 ppm mg/m3: 0.1 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 0.1 ppm mg/m3: 0.1 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.
Listed as: Hydrazine Final Value: AEGL-2 10 min exposure: ppm: 23 ppm mg/m3: 30 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 16 ppm mg/m3: 21 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 13 ppm mg/m3: 17 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 3.1 ppm mg/m3: 4 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 1.6 ppm mg/m3: 2.1 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS302-01-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004) Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers (except for Hydrazine). Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004) Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004) Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004) Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Hydrazine is very sensitive and must not be used without full and complete instructions from the manufacturer for handling, storage, and disposal (Lewis, 1992). "At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices." (HSDB, 1995).
LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004) Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if it can be done without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid (AAR, 1992). Approach release from upwind. Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal. Report any release in excess of 1 pound (NFPA, 1991). If hydrazine is leaking (not on fire), consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location, and weather conditions (AAR, 1992).
Hydrazine may be removed from nuclear power plant wastewater using activated carbon and copper ion catalysts (HSDB, 1995). Neutralization of hydrazine fuels with hypochlorite is a recommended procedure for the treatment of fuel spills prior to disposal (HSDB, 1995). Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.
Hydrazine is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration with facilities for effluent scrubbing to abate any ammonia formed in the combustion process (HSDB, 1995). Hydrazine is a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 degrees C and residence times of 0.1 to 2 seconds (HSDB, 1995). Hydrazine is also a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820 to 1600 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids (HSDB, 1995). It is also a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration with a temperature range of 450 to 980 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids (HSDB, 1995).
-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION HAZARD
- Hydrazine is released to the environment as a result of its use as an oxygen scavenger in boiler water, from its use as an aerospace propellant, and from other industrial uses (HSDB, 1995).
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS
Release of hydrazine to the atmosphere will result in rapid degradation of the hydrazine by hydroxyl radicals, ozone or nitrogen oxides. Direct photolysis is not expected to be significant (HSDB, 1995).
SURFACE WATER Release of hydrazine to water will likely result in degradation of the hydrazine, especially in waters containing high concentrations of organic matter and dissolved oxygen. Volatilization may be significant from the water surface but at low hydrazine concentrations is expected to be a slow process. Biodegradation is not expected to be significant at high hydrazine concentrations because of its toxicity to microorganisms (HSDB, 1995).
TERRESTRIAL Release of hydrazine to soil is expected to result in degradation in soils containing a high percentage of organic carbon, and in strong adsorption in soils containing high clay contents. In other soils, especially sandy soils, hydrazine may leach to groundwater. Volatilization may occur from the soil surface but at low hydrazine concentrations, it is expected to be a slow process. Biodegradation is not expected to be significant in the presence of a large amount of hydrazine such as might occur following a spill. Biodegradation may be important at low hydrazine concentrations (HSDB, 1995).
OTHER AIR Assuming an average hydroxyl radical concentration of 10(+6) molecule/cm(3) in the lower troposphere, a half-life of about 3 hours was estimated for the reaction of vapor phase hydrazine with hydroxyl radicals from experimental data (HSDB, 1995). Based on experimental data and assuming an ozone concentration of 7 x 10(+11) molecules/cm(3), the half-life for the reaction between ozone and hydrazine is about 9.2 hours (HSDB, 1995). Hydrazine will react rapidly with nitrogen oxides in the light and in the dark with a half-life of about 2 hours (HSDB, 1995).
WATER The estimated half-life of hydrazine initially present at 1.8 mM in pond water is 8.3 days (HSDB, 1995). River and pond water were adjusted to the same dissolved oxygen level and temperature and 5 mg/L of hydrazine was added. In the river water, which contained substantial amounts of organic matter, hydrazine residues were 22.6%, 96%, and 100% degraded after about one hour, 1 day, and 2 days, respectively. In the pond water, residues were 20%, 74%, 80%, and 81.6% degraded after about 1 hr, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days, respectively (HSDB, 1995).
BIODEGRADATION
- Pure cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii are capable of metabolizing hydrazine to three carboxylic acids related to 3,4-dihydropyridazinone-5-carboxylic acid and ammonia and nitrogen gas, and unidentified acid-labile compounds (HSDB, 1995).
BIOACCUMULATION
After 96 hours, the concentration of hydrazine in guppies was about 144 mcg/g. The hydrazine concentration in water was 0.5 mcg/g. These values give a log bioconcentration factor of 2.5 and suggest that hydrazine has a moderate tendency to bioconcentrate. Rapid degradation of hydrazine in the environment, however, is expected to prevent significant bioconcentration (HSDB, 1995).
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
The static 96-hour median lethal concentration for bluegill fish was 1.08 mg/L and the 96-hour continuous flow no lethal effect concentration was 0.43 mg/L (HSDB, 1995). Lethal concentration, rainbow trout: 146 ppm/0.5 hours/fresh water (CHRIS, 1995)
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- CHARACTERISTIC ODOR: Odors of the various compounds may be ammonia-like or "fishy" (Clayton & Clayton, 1981). These substances are detectable at 1 to 10 ppm.
- Hydrazine is a colorless, fuming, oily liquid with an ammonia odor.
- N-(a-chlorobenzylidene) phenylhydrazine is a brownish-white crystalline odorless substance.
- Hydrazine (H4-N2) is a colorless, oily liquid that fumes in air. It has a penetrating odor resembling that of ammonia. It burns with a violet flame (Budavari, 1989).
- Hydrazine dihydrochloride (Cl2-H6-N2) is a white crystalline powder (Budavari, 1989).
- Hydrazine contracts on freezing (Budavari, 1989).
- One gallon of the commercial product weighs 8.38 pounds (Budavari, 1989).
- Hydrazine forms salts with inorganic acids (Budavari, 1989).
- Hydrazine forms an azeotropic mixture with water, with a boiling point of 120.3 degrees C at 760 mm Hg (Budavari, 1989).
- Hydrazine is a hygroscopic liquid (NFPA, 1991).
VAPOR PRESSURE
- 10.4 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)
- 14.4 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 1995)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
- TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED
FREEZING/MELTING POINT
2.0 degrees C (Budavari, 1989a; ACGIH, 1996; NFPA, 1991; HSDB, 1995) 1.4 degrees C (Lewis, 1992a; OHM/TADS, 1995) HYDRAZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE, MELTING POINT: 198 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)
BOILING POINT
- 113.5 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (Budavari, 1989)
- 56 degrees C (at 71 mmHg) (Budavari, 1989)
FLASH POINT
- 52 degrees C; 126 degrees F (Budavari, 1989)
- 37.78 degrees C; 100 degrees F (closed cup) (NFPA, 1991; ACGIH, 1991)
- 37.78 degrees C; 100 degrees F (open cup) (Lewis, 1992)
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE
- (Lewis, 1992; NFPA, 1991)
74 degrees F (in contact with iron rust) 270 degrees F (in contact with black iron) 313 degrees F (in contact with stainless steel) 518 degrees F (in contact with glass)
EXPLOSIVE LIMITS
SOLUBILITY
Hydrazine is miscible with water (Budavari, 1989). Hydrazine dihydrochloride is freely soluble in water (Budavari, 1989).
Hydrazine is miscible with methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isobutyl alcohols (Budavari, 1989). Hydrazine is insoluble in chloroform and ether (ACGIH, 1991). Hydrazine dihydrochloride is slightly soluble in alcohol (Budavari, 1989).
OTHER/PHYSICAL
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