HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE

Hexamethylene diisocyanate is mainly used as a cross-linking agent (hardener) in the manufacturing of dental materials, contact lenses, medical adsorbents, nylon, and higher molecular weight biuret polyisocyanate products (which are subsequently used as curing agents in the formulation of polyurethane paint systems for automobile refinishing, marine coatings, industrial maintenance, and other high performance coating systems) (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994) Hathaway, 1996; (HSDB , 1999; ILO, 1998).
Diisocyantes are used in the productions of flexible polyurethane foam (where the reaction involves water) and rigid polyurethane foam (Raffle et al, 1994; (Sittig, 1991).
Diisocyanates are used are used in inks and as laminating adhesives (during the production of flexible packaging) (Raffle et al., 1994).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Hexamethylene diisocyanate may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Symptoms of exposure may include cough, dyspnea, wheezing, asthma, chest tightness, and pulmonary edema. Blisters and burns may occur following skin contact; conjunctivitis, keratitis, glaucoma, and corneal damage may also occur.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases.
Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

HDI is a skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant and a respiratory and dermal sensitizer (Hathaway et al, 1991; Schmidt & Bomhard, 1983).

Acute respiratory symptoms can develop after exposure to concentrations of 0.5 ppm or higher, and may be delayed in onset by 4 to 8 hours (Hathaway et al, 1991). Increased secretions, cough, dyspnea, and pulmonary edema can develop (Hathaway et al, 1991).

One case of acute hemorrhagic pneumonitis has been seen in a spray painter with high levels of IgG and IgE antibodies specific for HDI and toluene diisocyanate. This reaction was thought to be similar to the hemorrhagic pneumonitis induced by trimellitic anhydride, and developed after the painter sprayed paint onto a warm surface (Patterson et al, 1990). Because of the mixed exposure, however, the effects could not be attributed specifically to HDI.

The action of HDI appears to be similar to that of TOLUENE 2,4-DIISOCYANATE (TDI) (ACGIH, 1991). TDI is a model diisocyanate often used in toxicologic studies. As with other isocyanates, the mechanism of respiratory toxicity of HDI may be complex, and may involve acute irritant, pharmacologic, inflammatory and/or immunologic components (Hathaway et al, 1991). It is possible that different mechanisms may predominate in the same individual at different times.

HDI is a sensory irritant in mice, with a 3-hour RD50 (concentration reducing respiratory rate by 50 percent) of 1.17 mg/m(3) (Sangha et al, 1981).

The average half-life for urinary elimination of 1,6-hexamethylene diamine, a major metabolite of HDI, was 2.5 hours in human volunteers exposed to HDI airborne concentrations of 11.9 to 22.1 mcg/m(3) (Tinnerberg et al, 1995).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Workers who had been exposed to HDI at concentrations of 0.04 ppm or less reported eye, nose, and throat irritation, and coughing and chest discomfort in the absence of abnormal pulmonary function measurements. Because other chemicals were also present, it is not clear if similar effects would occur from exposure to such low levels of HDI alone (Hervin & Thoburn, 1975).

HDI is a potent respiratory sensitizer and can induce occupational asthma, with effects usually appearing after several months of exposure (Belin & Wass, 1982; Hathaway et al, 1991; Cockcroft, 1982; Malo et al, 1983; Vandenplas et al, 1993). Spray painters with occupational asthma linked to HDI have also reacted to the nonvolatile prepolymer component of the paint (Vandenplas et al, 1993).

Onset of symptoms may be insidious and may become progressively more severe with continued exposure (Hathaway et al, 1991). Symptoms often appear at night, with dyspnea and/or cough progressing to bronchospasm (Hathaway et al, 1991). The delay between exposure and onset of symptoms often makes it difficult to associate the effects with earlier exposure.

Significant decline in respiratory function can accompany development of isocyanate asthma, and may persist for many months after termination of exposure. In one case, a spray painter experienced a 41 percent reduction in respiratory function within 3 hours after an HDI challenge, and enhanced nonspecific reactivity to histamine persisted for 18 months (Cockcroft & Mink, 1979). Another spray painter developed wheezing, dyspnea and sweating hours after using a polyurethane paint containing HDI; airway obstruction and exertional dyspnea were still evident one year later (Charles et al, 1976).

Respiratory sensitivity to HDI may be either of the immediate or delayed type. In one study, one painter experienced an early asthmatic reaction, and two developed late responses, after an HDI challenge. Nonspecific bronchial reactivity was also increased 3- to 8-fold (Cockcroft et al, 1979).

Generally 5 percent to 10 percent of workers exposed to isocyanates develop asthma, but the proportion may be as high as 20 percent when exposure levels are high (Baur, 1996).

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) has also been linked with exposure to HDI and its oligomers or prepolymers in isolated cases (Selden et al, 1989; Usui et al, 1992; Baur, 1995; Baur, 1996).

There is some indication from controlled exposures that respiratory sensitization to HDI does not develop at exposure levels less than 0.005 ppm (34 mcg/m(3)). In one study, 5 healthy male subjects did not develop HDI-specific IgG or IgE antibodies or changes in spirometry or bronchial reactivity after exposure to approximately 25 mcg/m(3) HDI for 7.5 hours (Brorson et al, 1990).

It should be noted, however, that controlled exposures with human volunteers are for a much shorter period of time than is required for the asthmatic response to develop under conditions of occupational exposure. If development of HDI-induced asthma follows a linear time-dose function, then lower concentrations may be able to induce an allergic reaction if exposure occurs over a long period of time.

Dermal sensitization can also occur with HDI (Schmidt & Bomhard, 1983). Allergic dermatitis has been reported from occupational exposures to HDI as an ingredient of a fabric finish in approximately 10 percent of exposed workers (Wilkinson et al, 1991).

Certain immunologic signs have accompanied respiratory responses to HDI. As many as 10 percent of 455 asymptomatic workers had elevated titers of HDI-specific IgG in the serum, and IgE is also present in some, but not all, persons with HDI-induced asthma (Selden et al, 1989). An individual with hypersensitivity pneumonitis suspected to be caused by HDI had increased levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood (Usui et al, 1992). Anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies were found in persons occupationally exposed to HDI and other isocyanates (Czuppon et al, 1993).

Once sensitized to HDI, individuals may cross-react with other diisocyanates, such as TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE or DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE (O'Brien et al, 1979).

Headache, sweating, weakness, disturbed dreams, breathing difficulty and enlarged liver were reported in workers exposed to HDI and also to phosgene and chlorobenzene (Filatova, 1968). Because of the mixed exposures, these effects could not be attributed specifically to HDI. Hepatotoxicity has not been a consistent finding in other studies of HDI.

In rats chronically exposed to various concentrations of HDI, the critical determinant for establishment of the inhalation reference concentration (RfC) was degeneration of the olfactory epithelium; based on this effect, the RfC is 0.01 mcg/m(3) (Foureman et al, 1994).

Mice and rats exposed to HDI by inhalation developed upper respiratory damage and hematologic disorders (Lomonova & Frolova, 1968). The hematologic effects have not been repeated in other studies.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately flush the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, and respiratory system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Ingestion may result in significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns, and EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, DO NOT induce emesis.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ADULT

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ADULT

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS822-06-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Hexamethylene diisocyanate
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Hexamethylene diisocyanate
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: 1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Hexamethylene diisocyanate
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS822-06-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD:

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC: 1x10(-5) mg/m3

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: HSDB, 1999 RTECS, 1999 Note: Specific references are included below when differing values are reported for the same animal and route.
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)CAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS822-06-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Hexamethylene diisocyanate

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.005 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr; resp sens
Molecular Weight: 168.22

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

Under Study

Hexamethylene diisocyanate

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s):
Molecular Weight:

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS822-06-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS822-06-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Hexamethylene diisocyanate
REL:

TWA: 0.005 ppm (0.035 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling: 0.020 ppm (0.140 mg/m(3)) [10-minute]
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS822-06-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS822-06-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS822-06-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS822-06-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS822-06-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS822-06-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS822-06-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS822-06-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS822-06-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Hexane, 1,6-diisocyanato-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2281 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Hexamethylene diisocyanate

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2281
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB2, T7, TP2, TP13

IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: C

C: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 13, 40

13: Keep as dry as reasonably practicable.
40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2281 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Hexamethylene diisocyanate
UN Number: 2281

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS822-06-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Hexamethylene diisocyanate should be kept away from water, amines, carboxylic acids, strong bases, and alcohols. It should be stored in a tightly closed container and kept in a cool, well-ventilated area (Sittig, 1991).

HANDLING

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing when handling to prevent skin contact (HSDB , 1999). Do not handle broken packages without proper personal protective equipment (AAR, 1998).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Containers should be kept tightly closed (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Hexamethylene diisocyanate should be kept in a cool and well-ventilated area at temperatures below 200 degrees F (Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Hexamethylene diisocyanate should be kept away form acids, alcohols, amines, bases, and oxidants (ILO, 1998).
Hexamethylene diisocyanate should be stored away from moisture or water (Sittig, 1991).
Hexamethylene diisocyanate should be kept away from heat (HSDB , 1999; Urben, 1996).
Contact with metals should be avoided (HSDB , 1999).
Organic isocyanates are extremely reactive high-energy species; they can react with themselves and with nucleophiles, and can generate runaway exotherms. Hexamethylene diisocyanate can be readily oxidized with the covalent cyano group as endothermic and reactive (Urben, 1996).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

For the estimated 50,000-100,000 workers exposed to isocyanate in various occupations (Raffle et al, 1994), appropriate personal protective gear should be made available. Protective clothing and equipment should worn while working with the substance. Skin contact should be avoided, and skin area should be washed immediately when it becomes contaminated. Work clothing that is wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced. Facilities for quickly drenching the body need to be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. These facilities should provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from body areas likely to be exposed (AAR, 1998; (HSDB , 1999). All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, and headgear) should be clean and available each day to be put on before work (Sittig, 1991). Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn; dusts and fumes from burning materials should not be inhaled (AAR, 1998).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Wear splash-proof chemical goggles, face shield, or full face-piece respiratory protection equipment (Sittig, 1991). Eyewash fountains should be provided within the immediate work area (HSDB , 1999).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 822-06-0.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 2

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 150
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 1.7
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.0001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.0001
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Kimberly-Clark Professional

Hazard-Gard I

Degradation Rating: PASS
Breakthrough Time (minutes): <15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.2
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Kimberly-Clark, 2002)

Hazard-Gard II

Degradation Rating: not tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.049
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Kimberly-Clark, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Nitrile

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stansolv/AK-22

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 2
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 8.6
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
Kimberly-Clark Professional 1400 Holcomb Bridge Road Roswell, GA 30076 Phone: (800) 255-6401 Fax: (800) 579-3555 Toll-Free: (800) 255-6401 Website: http://www.kcprofessional.com/us/ Email: kcpinfo@kcc.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- Substance will react with water (some violently) releasing flammable, toxic or corrosive gases and runoff.
- When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS822-06-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

Note: Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

CO2, dry chemical, dry sand, alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Use water spray or for; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS822-06-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

It is important to keep fire-exposed containers cool (Sittig, 1991). Most foams will react with the material and release corrosive/toxic gases. Dry chemical, dry sand, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam can be used in small fires. Spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam can be used in large fires. The use of straight streams should be avoided (HSDB , 1999).

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders (or monitor nozzles) in fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. Stay away from the ends of tanks (HSDB , 1999).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

On combustion, forms toxic and corrosive fumes including nitrogen oxides and hydrogen cyanide (ILO, 1998).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Hexamethylene diisocyanate reacts violently with acids, alcohols, amines, bases, and oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard (ILO, 1998).

Base-catalyzed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols may be explosively violent in absence of diluting solvents (Urben, 1996).

Explosion may occur upon reaction with water (HSDB , 1999; Sittig, 1991).

When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and in sewers. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back (HSDB , 1999).

Containers may explode when heated in fire (HSDB , 1999; Sittig, 1991).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Avoid breathing dusts and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (AAR, 1998).

When hexamethylene diisocyanate reacts with water, flammable, toxic, or corrosive gases and runoff are released. When hexamethylene diisocyanate contacts with metal, flammable hydrogen gas may evolve (HSDB , 1999).

When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and in sewers. Most vapors are heavier than air, and they will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, and tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back (HSDB , 1999).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Organic isocyanates are responsible for the worst chemical industry accident to date (Urben, 1996). Hexamethylene diisocyanate reacts violently with acids, alcohols, amines, bases, and oxidants causing fire and explosion hazard (ILO, 1998). Base-catalyzed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols may be explosively violent in absence of diluting( chemically inert) solvents (HSDB , 1999; Urben, 1996)

Hexamethylene diisocyanate should be stored away from moisture or water (Sittig, 1991). The rate of reaction with water ranges from readily to slow (<1% in 10 minutes at 30 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999). It is a complex decomposition reaction and usually involves several mechanisms: an initial unstable intermediate (acid) is formed that decomposes to the amine with liberation of carbon dioxide, and the amine can react with more isocyanate to form a polyurea. Explosion may occur upon reaction with water (HSDB , 1999) Raffle et al, 1994; (Sittig, 1991). Flammable, toxic, or corrosive gases and runoff can be released when hexamethylene diisocyanate reacts with water (HSDB , 1999).

When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors, and in sewers. Most vapors are heavier than air, and they will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, and tanks). Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Containers may explode if heated (HSDB , 1999). When heated, decomposition may occur. It is important to keep polymerization temperature below 180 degrees C during generation of polyurethane polymers with polyols (Urben, 1996). The urethane reaction is exothermic, and the heat generated is sufficient to evaporate hexamethylene diisocyanate due to its high vapor pressure (Raffle et al, 1994).

Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas (HSDB , 1999).

Organic isocyanates are extremely reactive high-energy species; they can react with themselves and with nucleophiles generating runaway exotherms. Hexamethylene diisocyanate can be readily oxidized with the covalent cyano-group as endothermic and reactive (Urben, 1996).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

Avoid breathing dusts and fumes from burning materials. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material (AAR, 1998). Use a air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister, or any escape-type self-contained breathing apparatus when escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards (HSDB , 1999; NIOSH , 1999).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS822-06-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS822-06-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Hexamethylene diisocyanate (1,6-Diisocyanatohexane)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.005
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.3
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 2
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 2
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS822-06-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS822-06-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam to reduce vapors.
- DO NOT GET WATER on spilled substance or inside containers.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Use a vapor-suppressing foam to reduce vapor. Minimize spreading (HSDB , 1999). Use equipment that is grounded to handle the product. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing (HSDB , 1999). Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean up is complete (AAR, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 156 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
Eliminate all ignition sources (no smoking, flares sparks, or flames in immediate area). Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb liquids in fly ash, cement powder, vermiculite, dry sand, dirt, or similar substances before deposit in sealed containers (AAR, 1998; (Sittig, 1991). Cover small spills with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain following absorption by non-combustible substance. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material, and deposit in sealed containers (HSDB , 1999; Sittig, 1991). Ventilate area of spill or leak (Sittig, 1991). Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel if spilled in water (AAR, 1998).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Eliminate all ignition sources (no smoking, flares sparks, or flames in immediate area). Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements, or confined areas (HSDB , 1999). Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain material. Dike surface flow using soil, sandbags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete (AAR, 1999). Absorb liquids in fly ash, cement powder, vermiculite, dry sand, dirt, or similar materials before deposit in sealed containers if feasible (AAR, 1998; (Sittig, 1991). Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel if spilled in water (AAR, 1998).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Although without catalysts reaction with water is slow (<1% in 10 minutes at 30 degrees C), hexamethylene diisocyanate will be degraded by reaction with water (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 1999). It is a complex reaction and usually involves several mechanisms: an initial unstable intermediate (acid) is formed that decomposes to the amine with liberation of carbon dioxide, and the amine can react with more isocyanate to form a polyurea (HSDB , 1999; Sittig, 1991).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

From 0.5-1.6% (ACGIH, 1991) or from 0.5-1.0% (HSDB , 1999) of free hexamethylene diisocyanate monomer can be released to the environment during spray application of polymer paints and coating systems. Waste streams generated at sites of industrial manufacture and polymer production could also release hexamethylene diisocyanate to the environment (HSDB , 1999).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

If released into the atmosphere, hexamethylene diisocyanate will exist in the vapor-phase in the ambient atmosphere. It will be degraded in the atmosphere by the vapor-phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals. An estimated half-life of approximately 2 days has been reported when released in air. Atmospheric degradation may also occur through contact with water vapor, clouds, fog, or rain (HSDB , 1999).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Since hexamethylene diisocyanate readily reacts with water and degrades (forming amines and polyureas), only low concentrations of monomeric hexamethylene diisocyanate are expected to be found in waste water streams (HSDB , 1999).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Since hexamethylene diisocyanate readily reacts with water, hydrolysis is expected to be the main fate process in moist soil (HSDB , 1999).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Isocyanates typically have aqueous hydrolysis half-lives of <10 minutes. Hexamethylene diisocyanate is expected to be hydrolyzed more rapidly (to form amines and polyureas) than degradation by microorganisms. Hexamethylene diisocyanate can undergo photolysis, hydroxyl radical oxidations, and other reactions in atmosphere (HSDB , 1999).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

Hexamethylene diisocyanate reacts with water to form amines and polyureas; therefore, bioaccumulation of monomeric hexamethylene diisocyanate in aquatic organisms or along the food chain is unlikely to occur (HSDB , 1999).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Since hexamethylene diisocyanate reacts with water and degrades, environmental toxicity of monomeric hexamethylene diisocyanate is low. There is very little chance that it will accumulate in the food chain. Leaching should not be important. Volatilization of monomeric hexamethylene diisocyanate from water should not be significant (HSDB , 1999).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

168.2

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Hexamethylene diisocyanate is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sharp pungent odor (ACGIH, 1991) Hathaway, 1996; (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1997; NIOSH , 1999; Sittig, 1991).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0.05 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

0.05 mmHg (at 24 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

0.5 mmHg (at 77 degrees F) (NIOSH , 1999)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.0528 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993).

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.04 g/cm(3) (NIOSH , 1999; Lewis, 1997)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.05 kg/L (20 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-89 degrees F (NIOSH , 1999)

MELTING POINT

-67 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)

BOILING POINT

212.8 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

213 degrees C (Sittig, 1991)

225 degrees C (ILO, 1998)

124 degrees C; 255 degrees F (at 0.013 bar) (Kohler & Meyer, 1993)

127 degrees C (at 1.3 kPa) (Ashford, 1994)

415 degrees F (NIOSH , 1999)

FLASH POINT

140 degrees C (open cup) (Ashford, 1994; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1997; Sittig, 1991)

284 degrees F (closed cup) (NIOSH , 1999)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

454 degrees C (ILO, 1998)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

0.9% (ILO, 1998)

UPPER

9.5% (ILO, 1998)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Hexamethylene diisocyanate degrades by reaction with water (ILO, 1998; ACGIH, 1991; HSDB , 1999).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Hexamethylene diisocyanate is readily soluble in organic solvents (ACGIH, 1991).

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

The absolute perception limit is 0.001 ppm and 100% recognition at 0.02 ppm (HSDB , 1999).

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