HEXACHLOROPHENE

Hexachlorophene is approved as a surgical scrub and bacteriostatic skin cleanser. It is indicated to control an outbreak of gram-positive infection where other infection control measures have failed (Prod Info pHisoHex(R) topical detergent cleanser, 2011).
It has also been used as an additive in the feed and drinking water of animals and/or for the treatment of food-producing animals (Lewis, 2000).

FORMS

Hexachlorophene is a tasteless and generally odorless crystalline solid (from benzene) or a white crystalline or powder (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 2000).
Hexachlorophene is available in the United States as a 3% topical liquid (Prod Info pHisoHex(R) topical detergent cleanser, 2011).
Since 1974, US FDA regulations limit hexachlorophene in cosmetics to less than 0.1%. Trade names include pHisoHex (Winthrop-Breon), Bilevon, Dermadex, Exofene, Gamophen, Surgi-Cen, and Surofene (among many others) (RTECS , 2002).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Hexachlorophene is approved as a surgical scrub and bacteriostatic skin cleanser. It is indicated to control an outbreak of gram-positive infection where other infection control measures have failed.

PHARMACOLOGY: Hexachlorophene is a bacteriostatic agent against staphylococci and other gram positive bacteria.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Overdose is rare.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

DERMAL: Dermal application of highly concentrated (greater than 3%) preparations on several occasions or repeated applications of less concentrated preparations, especially in neonates or to damaged skin, may result in significant toxicity. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and lethargy frequently occur as early signs of toxicity. In one study, an erythematous desquamative rash was the most common sign of topical hexachlorophene toxicity (reported in 93% of 204 children dermally exposed to 6.3% hexachlorophene powder). The rash may precede or follow the onset of neurologic abnormalities. In patients with significant CNS toxicity (eg, coma, seizures), cerebral edema is almost always present, sometimes sufficient to cause herniation and death.
INGESTION: Acute ingestion of large amounts (greater than 30 mL by adults) or repeated ingestion of small amounts may cause significant toxicity or death. Anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration, seizures, hypotension, shock, and death have been reported following accidental ingestion of 1 to 4 oz (30 to 120 mL) of 3% hexachlorophene. Other reported effects include bradycardia, blindness, muscular fasciculations, irritability, weakness, hypertonicity, transverse myelopathy of the spinal cord, cranial nerve palsies, choreoathetosis, and cardiorespiratory arrest.

WITH THERAPEUTIC USE

Dermatitis and photosensitivity may occur following topical use of hexachlorophene.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

Prehospital gastrointestinal decontamination is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression or seizures and subsequent aspiration.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE

The patient should be removed from further exposure to this agent. Treatment should be directed at the symptoms manifested by the patient, as no specific therapy has been recognized to be effective for hexachlorophene exposure.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

Vigorous washing with soap and water is necessary. Hexachlorophene is well absorbed dermally and may remain on the skin following simple rinsing due to poor solubility in water (Shemano & Nickerson, 1954).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Prehospital gastrointestinal decontamination is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression or seizures and subsequent aspiration.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

Acute ingestion of large amounts (greater than 30 mL by adults) or repeated ingestion of small amounts may also cause significant toxicity or death.

Anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration, seizures, hypotension, shock, and death have been reported following accidental ingestion of 1 to 4 oz (30 to 120 mL) of hexachlorophene (Prod Info pHisoHex(R) topical detergent cleanser, 2011).

CASE REPORTS

Death occurred following ingestion of 1 gram (43 mg/kg) of hexachlorophene by a 7-year-old child (Boehm & Czajka, 1979).
Following ingestion of 4 to 5 oz of a 3% hexachlorophene solution, a 6-year-old child became obtunded. Hypotension and seizures ensued, and death occurred within an hour of ingestion (Lustig, 1963).
POTENTIAL TOXIC DOSES

REFERENCES: (Marquardt, 1986; Martin-Bouyer, 1982; Boehm & Czajka, 1979; Herskowitz & Rosman, 1979; Kimbrough & Gaines, 1971; Pilapil, 1966; Lustig, 1963)

ANIMAL DATA

MICE: Given a dose of 60 milligrams/kilogram/day developed hepatic failure. Within 3 to 5 days, hind limb weakness proceeded to paralysis. By 6 to 7 days, drowsiness, listlessness, and weight loss became apparent (Prasad et al, 1987c).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

Anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dehydration, seizures, hypotension, shock, and death have been reported following accidental ingestion of 1 to 4 oz (30 to 120 mL) of hexachlorophene (Prod Info pHisoHex(R) topical detergent cleanser, 2011).

CASE REPORTS

Herskowitz and Rosman (1979) reported an 8-day-old infant who received 10 to 15 mg of a 3% solution (approximately 100 mg/kg) as a single dose. At a follow-up examination after 2-1/2 years, no residual effects were seen (Herskowitz & Rosman, 1979).

ANIMAL DATA

Rats fed 500 ppm (25 mg/kg/day) of hexachlorophene in the diet had weakness in the hindquarters which progressed to paralysis. When the poisoned diet was discontinued, the animals gradually recovered over a period of weeks (Lewis, 2000).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS70-30-4 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Hexachlorophene
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Hexachlorophene

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS70-30-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 3x10(-4) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- 290 mg/m(3)
LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- 340 mg/m(3)
LD50- (ORAL)GOAT:
- 30 mg/kg
LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- 60 mg/kg
LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- 1100 mg/kg
LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- 20 mg/kg
LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- 67 mg/kg
LD50- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- 270 mg/kg
LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- 8500 mcg/kg
LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- 40,690 mcg/kg
LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- 22 mg/kg
LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- 7500 mcg/kg
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- 56 mg/kg
LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- 1840 mg/kg
LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- 7650 mcg/kg
LD50- (ORAL)SHEEP:
- 30 mg/kg
LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)DOG:
- 5 mg/kg
LDLo- (ORAL)DOG:
- 40 mg/kg
HUMAN DATA
- LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- TDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS70-30-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS70-30-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS70-30-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS70-30-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS70-30-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS70-30-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Phenol, 2,2[prime]-methylenebis[3,4,6-trichloro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Hexachlorophene
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS70-30-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS70-30-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Hexachlorophene
P or U series number: U132
Footnote:
Listed as: Phenol, 2,2[prime]-methylenebis[3,4,6-trichloro-
P or U series number: U132
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS70-30-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS70-30-4 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Hexachlorophene
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/94
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS70-30-4 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS70-30-4 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Phenol, 2,2'-methylenebis[3,4,6-trichloro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2875 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Hexachlorophene

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2875
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB8, IP3, T1, TP33

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP3: Flexible IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or must be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
T1: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 213
Bulk packaging: 240

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 100 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 200 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2875 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Hexachlorophene
UN Number: 2875

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS70-30-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Hexachlorophene and hexachlorophene liquid soap should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers (HSDB , 1992).
Hexachlorophene cleansing emulsion should be stored in tight, light-resistant, non-metallic containers: This emulsion should not be dispensed from, or stored in, containers with ordinary metal parts (HSDB , 1992).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 70-30-4.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS70-30-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS70-30-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorophene emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorophene emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorophene emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS70-30-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS70-30-4 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Hexachlorophene
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 15
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 50
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 150
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 150
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS70-30-4 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS70-30-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
"At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices." (HSDB , 1992)

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Release of hexachlorophene to the environment may occur as a result of its production and use in germicidal soaps and other soaps and cosmetics (HSDB , 1992).

The monosodium salt has also found use as a broad-spectrum soil fumigant and seed-treatment fungicide (HSDB , 1992).

Hexachlorophene has not been reported to be a natural product (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- TERRESTRIAL FATE
- AQUATIC FATE
- ATMOSPHERIC FATE
- Hexachlorophene is resistant to metabolic attack and tends to persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in food chains (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Ecotoxicity Values (HSDB , 1992):

1. LD50 (ORAL) BOBWHITE QUAIL: 575 mg/kg
2. LD50 (ORAL) MALLARD DUCK (FEMALE): 1450 mg/kg

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

406.92 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Hexachlorophene is a crystalline solid (from benzene) or a white to light tan powder (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1997; HSDB , 2002).

It is white to light tan in color (HSDB , 2002).

It is odorless or has a slight phenolic odor (CHRIS , 1997; HSDB , 2002).

Hexachlorophene is tasteless (HSDB , 2002).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

No information found at the time of this review.

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

164-165 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)

BOILING POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

FLASH POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Hexachlorophene is practically insoluble in water.

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Hexachlorophene is soluble in (Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 2002):

acetone (1 in less than 1 part)
alcohol (Soluble at 1 in 3.5 parts)
alkalies (dilute aqueous solutions)
chloroform
cottonseed oil
dimethyl sulfoxide (about 100 mg/mL at 20 degrees C)
ether (1 in less than 1 part)
fatty acids (with the aid of heat)
olive oil
polyethylene glycols
propylene glycol
vegetable oils (with the aid of heat)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.2 X 10(-18) atm-m(3)/mol (Ehrenfeld et al, 1986)

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HEXACHLOROPHENE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents