HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE

This compound is used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of chlorinated pesticides, fungicides, resins, dyes, flame retardants, shock proof plastics, esters, acids, ketones, fluorocarbons, and pharmaceuticals. It may be present in the end products in concentrations of 1% or less (ACGIH, 1992; Clayton & Clayton, 1982a; HSDB, 2001; Lewis, 1997a; Rand et al, 1982).

FORMS

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is available in a technical grade (Lewis, 1997a).

The technical grade may contain impurities, such as hexachlorobenzene and octachlorocyclopentene (HSDB, 2001).

SOURCES

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene occurs as an impurity in technical grade chlordane (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (C56) is highly irritating. Exposure effects may include cough, dyspnea, chest discomfort, headache, dizziness and burns. Proteinuria and elevated serum liver enzymes may occur. Pulmonary damage may range from bronchitis, chemical pneumonitis, bronchiolitis, and pulmonary edema to respiratory failure.

Inhalation may cause coughing, difficult breathing, cyanosis, sneezing and salivation. Inhalation may be fatal because of bronchial spasm, inflammation, and edema of the larynx and bronchi. Degenerative changes of the brain, heart, liver (elevations in liver enzymes), adrenals, and kidneys have been reported.

The compound is corrosive to tissues. Dermal and/or ocular contact ranges from irritation of the eyes, throat, nose and skin to dermatitis and burns.

Other signs and symptoms of poisoning include: nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nervousness, oliguria, proteinuria, hematuria, jaundice, hepatomegaly, optic neuritis, unconsciousness, coma, ventricular fibrillation.

In experimental animals, the lung is the primary target organ for C56 toxicity even with oral administration. Degenerative changes were observed in multiple organ systems. Animal studies demonstrated the development of pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhages, and necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis. Diffuse degenerative changes of the central nervous system, heart, liver, adrenals, and kidneys have been observed. Even at the lowest exposure concentration (0.15 ppm) degenerative changes were observed in the liver and kidney.

In human studies: workers noted eye and throat irritation, cough, chest discomfort and headache. Medical examination showed proteinuria and elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Reported human cases have generally been mild.

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene was negative in the Salmonella assay and the sex-linked recessive lethal mutation assay in Drosophila. This compound caused induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

OVERVIEW

Remove victims from the toxic environment and supply supplemental humidified oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed eyes and skin should be flushed copiously with water. Patients should be carefully observed for any signs of central nervous system involvement.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of potential CNS depression, do not induce emesis.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ACUTE

The probable human lethal dose is 50 to 500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce for a 150 lb (70 kg) person (EPA, 1985).

ANIMAL DATA

An acute inhalation toxicity study was conducted with groups of male and female rats (5/sex/exposure) receiving whole body exposure to hexachlorocyclopentadiene in a dynamic air flow chamber (Huntingdon Research Center, 1987).
Groups of animals received a single exposure to the test substance at mean analytical concentrations of 0, 18.8, 20.5, 37.1 or 38.9 micrograms per liter resulting in the following mortality data (number animals dead/number animals tested): 0/10, 2/10, 2/10, 6/10 and 6/10, respectively. Most of the rats died within the first 14 days of the 28 day observation period (Huntingdon Research Center, 1987).
The LC50 of hexachlorocyclopentadiene was calculated to be 41.2 micrograms per liter 14 days after exposure, and 32.7 micrograms per liter 28 days after exposure (Huntingdon Research Center, 1987).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

OCCUPATIONAL

In March 1977, a large volume of industrial chemical hexachlorocyclopentadiene was dumped into a municipal sewage system in Kentucky, causing immediate tracheobronchial irritation among sewage treatment plant workers. The contaminant was dispersed in about 6 tons of fuel-oil (Kominsky & Wisseman, 1978; Morse et al, 1979).
AIR SAMPLES obtained 4 days after initial worker exposure showed hexachlorocyclopentadiene concentrations between 270 and 970 parts per billion (ppb); the 8-hour time weighted average limit recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists was 10 ppb (Kominsky & Wisseman, 1978; Morse et al, 1979).
A study of the HEALTH EFFECTS of exposure to this compound in 145 of the sewage treatment plant workers found that 59% had noted eye irritation, 45% had headaches, and 27% had throat irritation. Skin irritation, cough, nausea, and abdominal cramps were also reported. Symptoms occurred throughout the plant; however, highest attack rates occurred in primary sewage treatment areas (Kominsky & Wisseman, 1978; Morse et al, 1979).
As long as 6 weeks following exposure, 15-46% of the workers still reported fatigue, respiratory tract irritation, headaches, and eye irritation (Kominsky & Wisseman, 1978; Morse et al, 1979).
Maximum time-concentrations by volume in air survived (Clayton & Clayton, 1981) -

Guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats were subjected to 150 7-hour exposures over 216 days. They survived at 0.15 ppm by volume in air, but mild liver and kidney damage were noted (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
A dose of 500 mg/4H (Standard Draize Test-skin route) caused severe skin irritation in test rabbits (RTECS , 2001).
A dose of 20 mg (Standard Draize Test-skin route) caused mild skin irritation in test guinea pigs (Lewis, 2000; RTECS , 2001).
A dose of 10 mg (Standard Draize Test-skin route) caused severe skin irritation in test monkeys (Lewis, 2000; RTECS , 2001).
A dose of 20 mg/24H (Standard Draize Test-eye route) caused moderate eye irritation in test rabbits (Lewis, 2000; RTECS , 2001).
A dose of 100 mg/5min (Standard Draize Test-eye route) caused severe eye irritation in test rabbits (Lewis, 2000; RTECS , 2001).
The threshold for toxic effects in rats was 0.11-0.5 ppm in a 14-day range-finding study (Rand et al, 1982).
The acceptable daily intake for a 70-kg adult is 0.00462 mg (EPA, 1984).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS77-47-4 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): E ; Listed as: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD)

E : Evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS77-47-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 6x10(-3) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC: 2x10(-4) mg/m3

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Clayton & Clayton, 1994 HSDB, 2001 Lewis, 2000 OHM/TADS, 2001 RTECS, 2001
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 ppm = 11.17 mg/m3 (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).
1 ppm = 11.16 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F; 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 2001).

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS77-47-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.01 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr
Molecular Weight: 272.75

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS77-47-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS77-47-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
REL:

TWA: 0.01 ppm (0.1 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS77-47-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS77-47-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS77-47-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: 1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS77-47-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS77-47-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: 1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-
P or U series number: U130
Footnote:
Listed as: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
P or U series number: U130
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS77-47-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 10

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): d

d: Revised TPQ based on new or re-evaluated toxicity data, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS77-47-4 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS77-47-4 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS77-47-4 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,3-Cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2646 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2646
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: 2, B9, B14, B32, B74, B77, T20, TP2, TP13, TP38, TP45

2: This material is poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter) in Hazard Zone B (see sxn. 173.116(a) or sxn. 173.133(a) of this subchapter), and must be described as an inhalation hazard under the provisions of this subchapter.
B9: Bottom outlets are not authorized.
B14: Each bulk packaging, except a tank car or a multi-unit-tank car tank, must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials must not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
B32: MC 312, MC 330, MC 331, DOT 412 cargo tanks and DOT 51 portable tanks must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of sxn. 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for tank shell and heads for cargo tanks and portable tanks must be the greater of 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) or the thickness required for a tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.3 times the vapor pressure of the lading at 46 °C (115 °F). In addition, MC 312 and DOT 412 cargo tank motor vehicles must: a. Be ASME Code (U) stamped for 100% radiography of all pressure-retaining welds; b. Have accident damage protection which conforms with sxn. 178.345-8 of this subchapter; c. Have a MAWP or design pressure of at least 87 psig; and d. Have a bolted manway cover.
B74: Tank cars must have a test pressure of 20.68 Bar (300 psig) or greater and conform to Class 105S, 106, 110, 112J, 114J or 120S.
B77: Other packaging are authorized when approved by the Associate Administrator.
T20: Minimum test pressure (bar): 10; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 8 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.
TP38: Each portable tank must be insulated with an insulating material so that the overall thermal conductance at 15.5 °C (60 °F) is no more than 1.5333 kilojoules per hour per square meter per degree Celsius (0.075 Btu per hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit) temperature differential. Insulating materials may not promote corrosion to steel when wet.
TP45: Each portable tank must be made of stainless steel, except that steel other than stainless steel may be used in accordance with the provisions of 173.24b(b) of this subchapter. Thickness of stainless steel for portable tank shells and heads must be the greater of 6.35 mm (0.250 inch) or the thickness required for a portable tank with a design pressure at least equal to 1.3 times the vapor pressure of the hazardous material at 46 °C (115 °F).

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 227
Bulk packaging: 244

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2646 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
UN Number: 2646

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS77-47-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Use tightly-closed containers (OHM/TADS , 2001).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Keep away from heat and water (OHM/TADS , 2001).
Store at ambient temperature (CHRIS , 2001).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Use of special protective clothing and positive-pressure breathing apparatus is recommended for fire fighting activities and safe handling and use of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (EPA, 1985).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Use of a positive-pressure breathing apparatus is recommended for fire fighting activities and safe handling and use of hexachlorocyclopentadiene (EPA, 1985).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 77-47-4.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Neoprene

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stanzoil/NL-34

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): <30
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 100%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is nonflammable and noncombustible. The material solidifies at 50 degrees F (AAR, 2000; Lewis, 1997).
In the presence of moisture, flammable and explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces (EPA, 1985).
When heated to decomposition, hexachlorocyclopentadiene emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 2000).
- Toxic hydrogen chloride, chlorine, and phosgene gases may form in fires (EPA, 1985).
In the presence of moisture, hexachlorocyclopentadiene will corrode iron and other materials (EPA, 1985).
Wear special protective clothing and positive-pressure breathing apparatus for fire fighting activities (EPA, 1985).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS77-47-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS77-47-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (AAR, 2000).

Use water spray to knock down vapors (AAR, 2000).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorocyclopentadiene emits toxic fumes of chlorides chlorine, phosgene, and carbon monoxide (CHRIS , 2001; EPA, 1985; Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2001).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene may explode on contact with sodium (Lewis, 2000; Urben, 1999).

In the presence of moisture, flammable and explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces (EPA, 1985).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorocyclopentadiene emits toxic fumes of chlorides chlorine, phosgene, and carbon monoxide (CHRIS , 2001; EPA, 1985; Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2001).

In the presence of moisture, flammable and explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces (EPA, 1985).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorocyclopentadiene emits toxic fumes of chlorides chlorine, phosgene, and carbon monoxide (CHRIS , 2001; EPA, 1985; Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2001).

In the presence of moisture, hexachlorocyclopentadiene will corrode iron and other materials (CHRIS , 2001; EPA, 1985).

In the presence of moisture, flammable and explosive hydrogen gas may collect in enclosed spaces (CHRIS , 2001; EPA, 1985; HSDB , 2001).

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene reacts slowly with water to form hydrochloric acid; the reaction is not hazardous (EPA, 1985).

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene may explode on contact with sodium (Lewis, 2000; Urben, 1999).

It is highly reactive with olefins and polynuclear hydrocarbons (NTP , 2001a)

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 2646 - Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.1 kilometers (0.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.1 kilometers (0.1 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 60 meters (200 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.4 kilometers (0.3 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.5 kilometers (0.3 miles).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS77-47-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS77-47-4 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Hexachlorocylopentadiene
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.01
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.025
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 0.15
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 0.15
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS77-47-4 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS77-47-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Wear special protective clothing and positive-pressure breathing apparatus (EPA, 1985).
Use water spray to reduce vapors (AAR, 2000).
LAND SPILL
- Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material (AAR, 2000).
- Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water (AAR, 2000).
- Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder (AAR, 2000).
WATER SPILL
- Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom (AAR, 2000).
- Remove trapped material with suction hoses (AAR, 2000).
- Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates (AAR, 2000).
AIR SPILL: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors (AAR, 2000).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450-980 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids (HSDB , 2001).
A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820-1,600 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids (HSDB , 2001).
A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650-1,600 degrees C and a residence time of 0.1-2 seconds (HSDB , 2001).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

On-site contamination with hexachlorocyclopentadiene has been determined at several landfills listed on the National Priorities List which were used for the disposal of off-spec pesticides and other related compounds. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene has been detected at the Hardeman County Landfill in Tennessee and the S-Area Landfill in Niagara Falls, New York (Anon, 1990; Anon, 1990a).

Samples of raw and drinking waters were collected directly at a water treatment plant in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and stored in amber bottles prior to analysis by solvent extraction. No hexachlorocyclopentadiene was detectable (less than 50 ng/L) in the raw waters analyzed; however, hexachlorocyclopentadiene levels ranging from 57 to 110 ng/L were observed in the treated waters. These results suggest that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is introduced during the treatment process (Benoit & Williams, 1981).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene oxidizes to form oxalyl chloride and 2,2'-dichloromalonyl chloride (Grosjean, 1991).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- "Hexachlorocyclopentadiene underwent chemical alterations in water forming both lipophilic and hydrophilic products. The water-soluble substances included at least 11 unidentified breakdown products" (HSDB , 2001).
- "A model ecosystem study showed that hexachlorocyclopentadiene has considerable ecological stability and moderate biomagnification potential in aquatic organisms" (OHM/TADS , 2001).
- According to a National Academy of Sciences report, bioassays indicate that levels approximating 1 ppm hexachlorocyclopentadiene are acutely toxic to fish (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
- Photolysis and, to a lesser extent, hydrolysis are the predominant degradation processes for hexachlorocyclopentadiene in water (Wolfe et al, 1982).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is readily adsorbed by soil materials. Adsorbed hexachlorocyclopentadiene remained immobile in the earth materials when leached with water, landfill leachates, and caustic soda brine solutions; however, it was highly mobile when leached with organic solvents (Issue 3).

OTHER

OTHER
- Hexachlorocyclopentadiene was photolyzed rapidly when dissolved in water and irradiated with a mercury-vapor light source. The photolytic half-life was less than 1.03 minutes. Pentachlorocyclopentenone was tentatively identified as the primary photolysis product. After 10 minutes of irradiation, 44% of hexachlorocyclopentadiene radiocarbon equivalents were converted to water-soluble photoproducts (Butz et al, 1982).
- Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is not a persistent environmental contaminant. If released to soil, hexachlorocyclopentadiene is predicted to be relatively immobile. and photolyze on soil surfaces. Volatilization from soil surfaces is expected to be dependent upon organic carbon content. In moist soil, this compound would be subject to chemical hydrolysis (half-life hours to weeks) and biodegradation (HSDB , 2001).
- If released to water, this compound will degrade primarily by photolysis and chemical hydrolysis. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene has the potential to adsorb extensively to suspended solids and sediments; nevertheless, adsorption does not significantly affect the rate of hydrolysis. Volatilization from water is expected to be a significant removal mechanism. Biodegradation is expected to be of minor importance. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene could potentially bioaccumulate in some aquatic organisms depending upon the species (HSDB , 2001).
- In the atmosphere, direct photolysis is expected to be the dominant removal mechanism. Reaction with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals, reaction with ozone molecules, washout, and dry deposition are not expected to be environmentally significant fate processes. (HSDB , 2001)

BIODEGRADATION

Photolysis and, to a lesser extent, hydrolysis are the predominant degradation processes for hexachlorocyclopentadiene in water (Wolfe et al, 1982).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

"According to a National Academy of Sciences report, bioassays indicate that levels approximating 1 ppm hexachlorocyclopentadiene are acutely toxic to fish" (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
"A model ecosystem study showed that hexachlorocyclopentadiene has considerable ecological stability and moderate biomagnification potential in aquatic organisms" (OHM/TADS , 2001).
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is subject to moderate to extensive bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms depending upon the organism and its species (HSDB , 2001).
The biological halflife of goldfish is appxroximately 9 days (HSDB , 2001).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

These data indicate that hexachlorocyclopentadiene is subject to moderate to extensive bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms depending upon the organism and its species (HSDB , 2001).
Bioconcentration factor of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in a laboratory model ecosystem:
- alga (Edogonium) 341
- snail (Physa) 929
- mosquito (Culex) 1634
- fish (Gambusia) 448
BCF in other aquatic species:
- green alga (Chlorella fusca) 1090
- fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) <11 and 29
- goldfish (Carassius auratus) 100-323
- golden orfe (Leuciscus idus) 1230

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

LC50 - (WATER) FATHEAD MINNOWS, Early Juvenile: 6.7 mcg/L for 30D (HSDB , 2001)

LC50 - (WATER) FATHEAD MINNOWS, Larval: 7.0 mcg/L for 96H (HSDB , 2001)

TLM - (WATER) FATHEAD MINNOWS: 0.059 for 96H (OHM/TADS , 2001)

TLM - (WATER) SUNFISH: 25 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS , 2001)

TLM - (WATER) BASS: 20 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS , 2001)

TLM - (WATER) BLUEGILL SUNFISH: >500 ppm for 24H (OHM/TADS , 2001)

TLM - (WATER) BLUEGILL SUNFISH: 30 ppm for 48H (OHM/TADS , 2001)

TLM - (WATER) LARGEMOUTH BASS: >500 ppm for 24H (OHM/TADS , 2001)

TLM - (WATER) LARGEMOUTH BASS: 35 ppm for 48H (OHM/TADS , 2001)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

272.77

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is a greenish-yellow to amber-colored, dense, oily liquid with a pungent, unpleasant odor (HSDB , 2001; Lewis, 2000; Sittig, 1991).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0.08 mmHg (at 25 degrees C; 77 degrees F) (Clayton & Clayton, 1982; EPA, 1985; HSDB , 2001; NIOSH , 2001)

1 mmHg (at 60 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1982; HSDB , 2001)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.71 (NIOSH , 2001)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.7019 g/mL (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1992)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.715 g/mL (at 15.5 degrees C) (Lewis, 1992)
14.30 lb/gal (bulk) (at 15.5 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)
1.717 (15/15 C) (Lewis, 1997)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.7 g/cm(3) (Lewis, 1998)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

10 degrees C; 50 degrees F; 283 K (CHRIS , 2001)
16 degrees F (NIOSH , 2001)
9-10 degrees C (NTP , 2001a)

MELTING POINT

9.9 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)
-9 degrees C (ACGIH, 1992; EPA, 1985)
16 degrees F (EPA, 1985)
9.6 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2001)

BOILING POINT

239 degrees C; 462 degrees F; 512K (Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 1998; NIOSH , 2001; OHM/TADS , 2001)

238 degrees C (ACGIH, 1992)

234 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1982)

462 degrees F (EPA, 1985)

48-49 degrees C (at 0.3 mmHg) (NTP , 2001a)

68-70 degrees C (at 1-1.3 mmHg) (NTP , 2001a)

FLASH POINT

Non-flammable (Lewis, 1993)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is virtually insoluble in water (2 ppm at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1992).
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene's solubility in water is 800 ppb (HSDB , 1996; Clayton & Clayton, 1982).
0.0002% (at 77 degrees F) (reacts) (NIOSH , 2001)
<0.1 mg/mL (at 21.5 degrees C) (NTP , 2001a)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene is soluble in all proportions in acetone, carbon tetrachloride, methanol, and hexane (ACGIH, 1992).
95% Ethanol: >= 100 mg/mL (at 21 degrees C) (NTP , 2001a)
Acetone: >= 100 mg/mL (at 21 degrees C) (NTP , 2001a)
DMSO: >= 100 mg/mL (at 21 degrees C) (NTP , 2001a)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 3.99 (HSDB , 2001)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.60 X 10(-2) atm-m(3)/mol (Ehrenfeld et al, 1986)

2.7X10(-2) atm m(3)/mol (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

1918 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2001)

5-25 (Organic Electronic Spectral Data) (HSDB , 2001)

MASS

1947 (National Bureau of Standards EPA-NIH Mass Spectra Data Base) (HSDB , 2001)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SURFACE TENSION

3.7 dynes/cm = 0.0375 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.5658 @ 20 degrees C (HSDB , 2001)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

102 (Johnson & Jankowski, carbon-13 NMR Spectra) (HSDB , 2001)

VISCOSITY

7.8 centipoise (at 25 degrees C) (NTP , 2001a)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents