HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE

Hexachlorobutadiene is used as both a heat transfer fluid and as a solvent for elastomers (AAR, 1998; HSDB, 2000).
Hexachlorobutadiene is used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of rubber compounds, as well as a fluid for gyroscopes (ATSDR, 1994).
It has had some usage as a pesticide, but is primarily encountered as an unwanted byproduct of certain processes associated with the chlorination of hydrocarbons (ACGIH, 1991).

FORMS

Hexachlorobutadiene is a clear, colorless liquid, and has a faint to mild turpentine-like odor (HSDB, 2000; (ILO, 1998).

SOURCES

Hexachlorobutadiene is produced as a by-product of tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride production (HSDB, 2000).
Hexachlorobutadiene is most commonly encountered in the United States as a byproduct in the chlorination of various hydrocarbons. It is also used as a pesticide, as a solvent, and as an intermediate in lubricant and rubber production (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Hexachlorobutadiene may be toxic or fatal by inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure. Inhalation produces dizziness, dullness, headaches, tremors and coma. Ingestion results in nausea and vomiting. Skin and eye contact produce redness and irritation. Dermal absorption can occur. Damage to the respiratory, renal and hepatic systems may occur. Chronic exposure has produced liver and kidney damage in animals.

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorobutadiene emits toxic fumes of chlorine and chlorinated products of combustion.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. However, as recommended by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), individuals who wear contact lenses in the workplace must combine them with appropriate industrial safety eyewear.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - Get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system and kidneys (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).(OSHA, 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for central nervous system depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
Supportive care for renal failure may be indicated in substantial acute or chronic exposures.
Do not give lipids by mouth as this may increase absorption.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ADULT

Various investigators have rated the acute oral toxicity of hexachlorobutadiene as moderate to high (ACGIH, 1991).
The ACGIH classifies hexachlorobutadiene in category A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans (ACGIH, 2000).
The IARC places hexachlorobutadiene in Group 3: The agent (mixture, or exposure circumstance)is unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans (IARC, 1999).
A group of 205 vineyard workers who were exposed seasonally to hexachlorobutadiene and polychlorobutane-80 (0.8 to 30 mg/m(3) and 0.12 to 6.7 mg/m(3), respectively, in air over the fumigated zones) showed multiple toxic effects contributing to the development of hypotension, cardiac disease, chronic bronchitis, disturbances of nervous function, and chronic hepatitis (HSDB, 2000).

ANIMAL DATA

INHALATION - Four to seven hour exposures of 133 to 500 ppm caused death in some or all rats so exposed. All rats survived 161 ppm for 0.88 hour or 34 ppm for 3.3 hours. Most guinea pigs and cats died subsequent to exposure to 161 ppm for 0.88 hour or 34 ppm for 7.5 hours (ACGIH, 1991).
DERMAL - Dermal application of 126 mg/kg was lethal to one-half of treated rabbits at seven hours and 4 of 4 rabbits in 24 hours (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ANIMAL DATA

Hexachlorobutadiene demonstrates high chronic toxicity. It is capable of causing lung, liver and renal injury in rats (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Rats experienced eye and nose irritation and respiratory difficulty after repeated exposures to 250 ppm (twice for 4 hours) or 100 ppm (twelve times for 6 hours) (Hathaway et al, 1996).
Rats, rabbits, and guinea pigs exposed to 3 ppm for 7 hours/day for approximately 5 months experienced liver and kidney damage. Exposure to 1 ppm caused no adverse effects (Hathaway et al, 1996).
Based on animal studies, a level of 0.13 ppm in air would be without effect, and 1.3 ppm would produce reversible changes (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Rats exposed to 5 ppm hexachlorobutadiene for 15 six-hour exposures showed no toxic symptoms (ACGIH, 1991).
All rabbits survived the dermal application of 120 mg/kg for four hours or 63 mg/kg for 24 hours (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
No deleterious effects were reported in adult Japanese quail maintained for 90 days on diets containing up to 5 mg/kg-day (ACGIH, 1991).
In rats, ingestion of the lowest level doses of 0.2 mg/kg-day for up to 2 years caused no effects that could be attributed to treatment. Whereas the intermediate dose level of 2.0 mg/kg-day caused a slight degree of renal toxicity, the highest dose level of 20 mg/kg-day for up to 2 years caused multiple and substantial toxicological effects, including renal tubular neoplasms (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS87-68-3 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): C ; Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene

C : Possible human carcinogen.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS87-68-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor: 7.8x10(-2) per mg/kg-day
RfD:

Inhalation:

Unit Risk: 2.2x10(-2) per mg/m3
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk: 2.2x10(-3) per mg/L

TOXICITY VALUES

References: ACGIH, 1991 Budavari, 1996 Clayton & Clayton, 1994 Lewis, 2000 ) (OHM/TADS, 2000; RTECS, 2000)
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)CAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)HAMSTER:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 mg/m(3) = 0.095 ppm (ATSDR, 1994)
1 ppm = 10.5 mg/m(3) (ATSDR, 1994)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS87-68-3 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Hexachlorobutadiene

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.02 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Skin
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Kidney dam
Molecular Weight: 260.76

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS87-68-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS87-68-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene
REL:

TWA: 0.02 ppm (0.24 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: [skin]

Indicates the potential for dermal absorption; skin exposure should be prevented as necessary through the use of good work practices and gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other appropriate equipment.

Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS87-68-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS87-68-3 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS87-68-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene (D033)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information: Unlisted Hazardous Wastes Characteristic of Toxicity
Listed as: 1,3-Butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS87-68-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS87-68-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: 1,3-Butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-
P or U series number: U128
Footnote:
Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene
P or U series number: U128
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS87-68-3 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS87-68-3 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS87-68-3 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as 1,3-Hexachlorobutadiene
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes
Listed as Hexachlorobutadiene
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS87-68-3 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,3-Butadiene, 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexachloro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2279 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Hexachlorobutadiene

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2279
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB3, T4, TP1

IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672).
T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 241

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 60 L
Cargo aircraft only: 220 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2279 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Hexachlorobutadiene
UN Number: 2279

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS87-68-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 3

(3) Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 1

(1) Slightly combustible. Materials that require considerable preheating before ignition can occur. This rating includes most ordinary combustible materials.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Hexachlorobutadiene should be stored in 55 gallon steel drums (OHM/TADS, 2000).
When heated, containers may explode (HSDB, 2000).
Containers of hexachlorobutadiene should be kept tightly closed (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Containers should be kept in a cool, well-ventilated area (Sittig, 1991).
Eyewash fountains should be available in any area where worker exposure could occur (NIOSH, 2000).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Hexachlorobutadiene does not burn, but when heated it will decompose, producing corrosive and/or toxic fumes (HSDB, 2000).
Hexachlorobutadiene will react with bromine perchlorate and form an explosive product (Lewis, 2000).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 87-68-3.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Hexachlorobutadiene is combustible when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 2000).
Poisonous gases (phosgene) may be produced when hexachlorobutadiene is involved in a fire (CHRIS, 2000; (ILO, 1998).
When hexachlorobutadiene is heated to decomposition, it may produce very toxic fumes of chlorine and chlorinated products of combustion (Lewis, 2000).
Hexachlorobutadiene may form explosive mixtures with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS87-68-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene
Flammability Rating: 1

(1) Slightly combustible. Materials that require considerable preheating before ignition can occur. This rating includes most ordinary combustible materials.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS87-68-3 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Hexachlorobutadiene
Extinguishing Method(s): Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorobutadiene emits very toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 2000).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Hexachlorobutadiene reacts to form an explosive product with bromine perchlorate (Lewis, 2000).

Hexachlorobutadiene may form explosive mixtures with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorobutadiene emits very toxic fumes of chlorine and chlorinated products of combustion (Lewis, 2000).

Poisonous gases (phosgene) may be produced when hexachlorobutadiene is involved in a fire (CHRIS, 2000; (ILO, 1998).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Although not easily ignitable, hexachlorobutadiene is combustible when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 2000).

Hexachlorobutadiene can react vigorously with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 2000).

When heated to decomposition, hexachlorobutadiene emits very toxic fumes of chlorine and chlorinated products of combustion (Lewis, 2000).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS87-68-3 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Hexachlorobutadiene
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): 1
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 3
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 10
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS87-68-3 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Hexachlorobutadiene
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.02
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 1
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 3
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 10
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS87-68-3 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS87-68-3 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Residues of the product and sorbent materials should be placed in 17H epoxy-lined drums and taken to an approved EPA disposal site (OHM/TADS, 2000).
Hexachlorobutadiene will be destroyed during high temperature incineration. Incinerator should be equipped with a hydrochloric acid scrubber (OHM/TADS).
Incineration is considered the preferred method of disposal. Proper incineration will achieve greater than 99.9% destruction efficiency (ATSDR, 1994).
All disposal procedures should be confirmed with a responsible environmental engineer and regulatory officials (OHM/TADS, 2000).
Hexachlorobutadiene may undergo rotary kiln incineration at temperatures of 820 to 1600 degrees C. Residence time is seconds for liquids and gases and longer for solids (HSDB, 2000).
Hexachlorobutadiene may be disposed of by means of fluidized bed incineration, using a temperature range of 450 to 980 degrees C. Residence time should be seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids (HSDB, 2000).
Liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 degrees C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds, may be used for hexachlorobutadiene disposal (HSDB, 2000).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

This compound is a candidate for the following waste-water treatment technologies: resin adsorption, stripping, solvent extraction, and activated carbon (HSDB, 2000).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Total US production of hexachlorobutadiene was reported as 8.0 million pounds/year in 1975; losses to the environment were estimated at 0.1 million pounds/year (HSDB, 2000).

Currently, all hexachlorobutadiene used commercially in the US is imported from Germany (HSDB, 2000).

Hexachlorobutadiene also occurs as a byproduct in the production of various chlorinated hydrocarbons (HSDB, 2000).

Hexachlorobutadiene is not known to occur as a natural product (HSDB, 2000).

People exposed to hexachlorobutadiene in an occupational setting will have the highest exposure to hexachlorobutadiene. The general public will primarily be exposed to hexachlorobutadiene from contaminated drinking water (HSDB, 2000).

The main source of hexachlorobutadiene in the United States is its production as a by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon synthesis. It is estimated that 100,000 pounds of hexachlorobutadiene are released each year to the environment (ATSDR, 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

It is expected that hexachlorobutadiene will remain in the atmosphere for a long time, and considerable dispersion will occur (HSDB, 2000).
It has been estimated that the tropospheric half-life in the northern hemisphere of hexachlorobutadiene is 1.6 years; however, structurally similar compounds indicate the half-life may be as short as 60 days, due to reactions with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone (ATSDR, 1994).
Hexachlorobutadiene has a long half-life in the atmosphere with estimates ranging from months to over a year. Therefore, considerable dispersion is expected and hexachlorobutadiene is found in remote areas of the globe far removed from emission sources (HSDB, 2000).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Due to it's Henry's Law constant and water/air partition coefficient, it is expected that hexachlorobutadiene will volatilize rapidly from water. Hexachlorobutadiene has a relatively high log Kow value, and is therefore expected to sorb to sediments, suspended sediments, and biota (HSDB, 2000).
- The estimated half-lives for hexachlorobutadiene degradation were found to be 3-30 days in river water and 30-300 days in lake and groundwater (HSDB, 2000).
- Environmental surveys have generally reported higher levels of hexachlorobutadiene in sediments than in water (ATSDR, 1994).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Evaporation is a significant transport mechanism when hexachlorobutadiene is released to soils. It is expected that hexachlorobutadiene will biodegrade in aerobic soils, but may not biodegrade in anaerobic soils (HSDB, 2000).
- In organic material, hexachlorobutadiene will adsorb strongly to the material, and therefore is not expected to migrate rapidly. Migration will be more rapid in sandy soils (HSDB, 2000).
- Degradation of hexachlorobutadiene in sandy soils is expected to be slow (HSDB, 2000).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

It is expected that the half-life of hexachlorobutadiene will be similar to tetrachloroethane. The half-life of tetrachloroethylene is approximately 60 days (HSDB, 2000).

BIODEGRADATION

It is expected that hexachlorobutadiene will biodegrade under aerobic conditions, but will not biodegrade under anaerobic conditions (HSDB, 2000).

In an anaerobic batch culture which was incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees C, hexachlorobutadiene did not biodegrade (HSDB, 2000).

Under aerobic batch conditions, using domestic waste water as the inoculum, 100% of hexachlorobutadiene was removed after 7 days incubation at 25 degrees C (HSDB, 2000).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

Hexachlorobutadiene does not bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms via the food chain (CHRIS, 2000).
In a United Kingdom study, organs of 15 species of fish were found to contain 2.6 ug/kg hexachlorobutadiene residue (HSDB, 2000).
Mosquito fish taken from the Mississippi River near Baton Rouge, LA contained an average of 827.3 ppb hexachlorobutadiene (HSDB, 2000).

PLANTS

AQUATIC
- Five species of marine algae contained hexachlorobutadiene residues at levels up to 8.9 ug/kg in a United Kingdom study (HSDB, 2000).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Rainbow trout were exposed to 0.10 ng/L and 3.4 ng/L of hexachlorobutadiene. The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) was found to be 5800 and 17,000, respectively (HSDB, 2000).
Mississippi River mosquito fish in Baton Rouge, LA, had an average concentration on hexachlorobutadiene of 827.3 ppb, while the river water contained 1.9 ppb hexachlorobutadiene (HSDB, 2000).
In Lake Ontario, near the Niagara River, the mean bioconcentration factor for hexachlorobutadiene between oligocheate worms and sediment was 0.43. The main factor affecting bioconcentration was the concentration of the chemical in the sediment pore water (HSDB, 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Aquatic toxicity:

LC50 - (WATER) FATHEAD MINNOW, 31 days old: 0.09 mg/L for 96H -- water conditions 24.9 degrees C, 8.0 mg/l dissolved oxygen, 45.0 mg/l CaCO3, pH 7.42 (HSDB, 2000)
LC50 - (WATER) GUPPY: 0.4 ppm for 14D -- conditions of bioassay not specicied (HSDB, 2000)
TLm - (WATER) GOLDFISH: 0.09 mg/l -- water at 17.5 degrees C (HSDB, 2000)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

260.76

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Hexachlorobutadiene exists as a liquid at 15 degrees C and 1 atm (CHRIS, 2000).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0.15 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2000)

0.15 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1989)

22 mmHg (at 100 degrees C) (HSDB, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2000)

500 mmHg (at 200 degrees C) (OHM/TADS, 2000)

2.93 kPa (at 100 degrees C) (ILO, 1998)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.5542 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-2.2 degrees F (CHRIS, 2000)
-19 degrees C (CHRIS, 2000)
254 K (CHRIS, 2000)

MELTING POINT

21 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2000)
-21 degrees C (Budavari, 1996) HSDB, 2000; (ILO, 1998)

BOILING POINT

215 degrees C (HSDB, 2000; (ILO, 1998) OHM/TADS, 2000)

FLASH POINT

90 degrees C/195 degrees F (Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

610 degrees C (ILO, 1998) OHM/TADS, 2000)

1130 degrees C (CHRIS, 2000; OHM/TADS, 2000)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Hexachlorobutadiene is insoluble in water (AAR, 1998; (Clayton & Clayton, 1994) OHM/TADS, 2000).
2.55 mg/L (at 20 degrees C) (Howard, 1989)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Hexachlorobutadiene is soluble in ethanol (Lewis, 1998).

OTHER

Hexachlorobutadiene is soluble in ether (Lewis, 1998).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 4.90 (Howard, 1989) HSDB, 2000)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

1.03 x 10(-2) atm-m(3)/mol (Howard, 1989)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

3229 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB, 2000)

956 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB, 2000)

MASS

1784 (Atlas of mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB, 2000)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.006 ppm (OHM/TADS, 2000)
12 mg/m(3) (WHO, 1994)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

41 psia (CHRIS, 2000)
28 atm (CHRIS, 2000)
2.8 MN/m(2) (est) (CHRIS, 2000)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

315 - 342 degrees F (est) (CHRIS, 2000)
157 - 172 degrees C (est) (CHRIS, 2000)
430 - 445 Kelvin (est) (CHRIS, 2000)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.5542 (at 20 degrees C/D) (HSDB, 2000)

VISCOSITY

2.447 cP; 1.479 centistokes (at 37.7 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)
1.131 cP; 0.724 centistokes (at 98.9 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)

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