HEPTACHLOR

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

STCC NUMBER

4960630

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C10-H5-Cl7

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(CHRIS, 1996;(HSDB , 1996; RTECS , 1996)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

It is used as an insecticide for the control of cotton boll weevils (Budavari, 1989).
The US Environmental Protection Agency has canceled registration of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants (40 Federal Register 28850, July 9, 1975) (Budavari, 1989).

FORMS

Heptachlor has been described as a white to light-tan waxy solid, or crystals (Budavari, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

With an acute oral LD50 in rats of 40 mg/kg, heptachlor is a highly toxic substance (RTECS , 1996). Heptachlor can be toxic by the oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure routes (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1993). A dose of 1 to 3 grams has been estimated to cause serious symptoms in humans, especially liver impairment (Hathaway et al, 1991; Lewis, 1992).

Heptachlor is an eye and moderate skin irritant (CHRIS, 1996). Ingestion of heptachlor causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract (CHRIS, 1996).

Heptachlor is a central nervous system stimulant. Acute heptachlor exposure in experimental animals produces hyperexcitability, tremors, seizures, paralysis, respiratory collapse, and death (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1992). While there have been no reported cases of acute human heptachlor poisoning, similar effects might occur (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Pulmonary aspiration of formulations containing hydrocarbon solvents might carry a risk of potentially fatal chemical pneumonitis.

Heptachlor is readily metabolized to heptachlor epoxide in mammals; heptachlor epoxide may also be formed in the environment (ACGIH, 1991). The epoxide is generally more toxic and more stable than heptachlor itself (Hayes & Laws, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994). This metabolite is relatively persistent and is concentrated in the body fat (ACGIH, 1991). Formation of the epoxide has been demonstrated in human liver microsomal preparations in vitro, but human enzymes were 4 times less active than those obtained from rats (Tashirom & Matsumura, 1978).

Liver damage and altered liver function have been induced in heptachlor-exposed rats, pigs, and sheep (ACGIH, 1991).

Heptachlor may have immunomodulatory effects; a concentration of 80 mcM completely suppressed release of interleukin-2 from cultured monkey lymphocytes (Chuang et al, 1992).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

In two episodes of mass exposure to heptachlor-contaminated cows' milk, no adverse health effects were noted. In the first episode, no adverse effects were seen in a group of 45 dairy farm family members who consumed raw milk products contaminated with heptachlor residues at concentrations as high as 89.2 ppm, when compared with 94 unexposed persons in the same geographic area (Stehr-Green et al, 1988).

In a mass contamination incident of the cows' milk supply on the island of Oahu in 1981-82, no specific health effects related to heptachlor exposure were found (Baker et al, 1991).

There have been reports of approximately 59 cases of human blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, megaloblastic anemia, and thrombocytopenic purpura) in persons exposed to heptachlor (Infante et al, 1978; Epstein & Ozonoff, 1987). There appears to be no dose-response relationship between occupational exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and development of aplastic anemia, however (Wang & Grufferman, 1981).

Two cases of chronic motor neuron disease have been reported in persons exposed to organochlorine insecticides including heptachlor, aldrin, and lindane (Fonseca et al, 1993). Because of the mixed exposures, the results cannot be attributed solely to heptachlor.

Heptachlor may have cumulative toxicity. In one rat study, a dose of 5 mg/kg/day produced no clinical effects for 50 days, then dyspnea, hyperreflexia, and seizures occurred. Fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, fatty infiltration of the renal tubular epithelium, and hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the liver were found at necropsy (Pelikan et al, 1968). Cumulative toxicity for both lethality and neurological effects has been found in rats (Moser et al, 1995).

Heptachlor is an inducer of microsomal oxidases in rats when fed in the diet at a level of at least 5 ppm for 2 weeks (Gillett & Chan, 1968). Administration of heptachlor to mice increased levels of lipid peroxidation, which may be involved in its effect on the liver (Izushi & Ogata, 1990).

In a study conducted by the Velsicol Chemical Corporation, rats fed 7 ppm of heptachlor or more for 2 years developed liver lesions typical of those induced by chlorinated hydrocarbons; the NOEL was 5 ppm (IRIS , 1996). In a series of unpublished chronic toxicity studies in rats, dogs, and mice, heptachlor produced liver damage similar to that seen with chlordane; the maximum NOEL was 5 ppm in the diet (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
Insure airway patency and adequacy of ventilation and oxygenation.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Some chemicals can produce systemic poisoning by absorption through intact skin. Carefully observe patients with dermal exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Do not induce emesis.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

REFRACTORY SEIZURES: Consider continuous infusion of midazolam, propofol, and/or pentobarbital. Hyperthermia, lactic acidosis and muscle destruction may necessitate use of neuromuscular blocking agents with continuous EEG monitoring.
If seizures develop, administer anticonvulsants, protect the airway, and insure adequate ventilation and oxygenation.
A number of chemicals produce abnormalities of the hematopoietic system, liver, and kidneys. Monitoring complete blood count, urinalysis, and liver and kidney function tests is suggested for patients with significant exposure.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

In man, a dose of 1 to 3 g can cause serious symptoms, especially in cases of liver impairment (Lewis, 1992).
No acute and/or subacute hepatic effects were noted in a study of 45 dairy farm family members who had consumed raw milk products contaminated with heptachlor residues at concentrations as high as 89.2 ppm when compared with 94 unexposed persons in the same geographic area (Stehr-Green et al, 1988).
The dermal toxicity of heptachlor to man has been estimated to be 46 g for a single exposure or 1.2 g per day for multiple exposures (ACGIH, 1986).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS76-44-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Heptachlor

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): B2 ; Listed as: Heptachlor

B2 : Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 2B ; Listed as: Heptachlor

2B : The agent (mixture) is possibly carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Heptachlor

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Heptachlor

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS76-44-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor: 4.5 per mg/kg-day
RfD: 5x10(-4) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk: 1.3 per mg/m3
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk: 1.3x10(-1) per mg/L

TOXICITY VALUES

HEPTACHLOR RTECS, 1992 IPCS, 1992 Lewis 1992
- LCLo- (INHALATION)CAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)CHICKEN:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)HAMSTER:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)CAT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- TD- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
RTECS, 1992 IPCS, 1992 Lewis 1992
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS76-44-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Heptachlor

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.05 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Skin
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Liver dam
Molecular Weight: 373.32

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS76-44-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS76-44-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Heptachlor
REL:

TWA: 0.5 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: [skin]

Indicates the potential for dermal absorption; skin exposure should be prevented as necessary through the use of good work practices and gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other appropriate equipment.

Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH:

IDLH: 35 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

Ca: NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

OSHA PEL Values for CAS76-44-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Heptachlor
Table Z-1 for Heptachlor:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 0.5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: Yes
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS76-44-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS76-44-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Heptachlor (and epoxide) (D031)
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information: Unlisted Hazardous Wastes Characteristic of Toxicity
Listed as: Heptachlor
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Heptachlor and metabolites

Additional Information:
Listed as: 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS76-44-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS76-44-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Heptachlor
P or U series number: P059
Footnote:
Listed as: 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-
P or U series number: P059
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS76-44-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS76-44-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Heptachlor
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30:
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28: 10

See 40 CFR 372.28: Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern

Listed as: Heptachlor[1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indene]
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS76-44-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Heptachlor
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS76-44-8 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS76-44-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Heptachlor is stable to light, moisture, air, and moderate heat (HSDB , 1992).

HANDLING

Keep in well-ventilated area and wear rubber gloves for all handling (OHM/TADS , 1992).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 76-44-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Heptachlor is not combustible, but may be dissolved in flammable liquids (HSDB , 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS76-44-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS76-44-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, heptachlor emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, heptachlor emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Heptachlor is not combustible, but may be dissolved in flammable liquids (HSDB , 1992).

It is oxidized by chromic trioxide in acetic acid to give heptachlor epoxide (HSDB , 1992).

Heptachlor can react with iron and rust to form hydrogen chloride gas (HSDB , 1992).

When heated to decomposition, heptachlor emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

Heptachlor is not combustible, but may be dissolved in flammable liquids (HSDB , 1992).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS76-44-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS76-44-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Heptachlor
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.05
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.15
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 1
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 35
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS76-44-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS76-44-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 35 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

(Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
"At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices." (HSDB , 1992)
LAND SPILL (AAR, 1987)
- Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
- Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire-fighting water.
WATER SPILL (AAR, 1987)
- Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom.
- If dissolved in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount.
- Remove trapped material with suction hoses.
- Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Treatment technologies which are capable of removing heptachlor from drinking water include adsorption by granular activated carbon and ozone or ozone/ultraviolet radiation (HSDB , 1992).
Heptachlor is a potential candidate for incineration by a rotary kiln with a temperature of 820 to 1600 degrees C with a residence time of seconds for liquids and gases and a residence time of hours for solids (HSDB , 1992).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

In 1983, the use of heptachlor in the US was restricted to the control of termites; its release to the environment will result from this use (HSDB , 1992).

AIR: In air, vapor phase heptachlor will react with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 36 minutes. Direct photolysis may also occur (HSDB , 1992).

WATER: Release of heptachlor to water will result in hydrolysis to 1-hydroxychlordene (half-life of about 1 day) and volatilization. Adsorption to sediments may occur. Biodegradation of heptachlor may occur, but is expected to be slow compared to hydrolysis. Bioconcentration of heptachlor may be significant. Direct and photosensitized photolysis may occur but are not expected to occur at a rate comparable to that of hydrolysis (HSDB , 1992).

SOIL: Release of heptachlor to soil surfaces will result in volatilization from the surface, especially in moist soils, but volatilization of heptachlor incorporated into soil will be slower. Hydrolysis in moist soils is expected to be significant. In soil, heptachlor will degrade to 1-hydroxychlordene, heptachlor epoxide, and an unidentified metabolite less hydrophilic than heptachlor epoxide. Biodegradation may also be significant. Heptachlor is expected to adsorb strongly to soil and, therefore, to resist leaching to groundwater (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- AIR: In air, vapor phase heptachlor will react with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 36 minutes (HSDB , 1992).
- WATER: Heptachlor may undergo significant photolysis in ambient media, since laboratory studies have demonstrated photolytic decomposition in 1 week and complete decomposition in 2 weeks. The singlet oxygen reaction with heptachlor in aquatic media may be significant, with the half-life of heptachlor estimated to be about 1 day. The estimated hydrolytic half-life of heptachlor is estimated to be in the range of 1 to 3 days (HSDB , 1992).
- SOIL: The half-life of heptachlor in soil was calculated to range from 0.4 to 0.8 years based on data collected in Mississippi, New Jersey, and Maryland. The mean disappearance rates of heptachlor from soil ranged from 5.25 to 79.5% per year, depending upon the soil type and mode of application of the insecticide (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Ecotoxicity Values (HSDB , 1992):

LC50, Aplexa hypnorum (snails), 1450 mcg/L/96 hours, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Tanytarsus dissimilis (chironomids), greater than the concentration used (2500 mcg/L/48 hours), conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Bobwhite quail, oral, 92 ppm in 5-day diet, 23 days old
LC50, Ring-necked pheasant, 224 ppm in 5-day diet, 8 days old
EC50, Simocephalus (Daphids), 47 mcg/L/48 hours at 15 degrees C, 1st instar, static bioassay
LC50, Gammarus fasciatus (scuds), 56 mcg/L/96 hours at 15 degrees C, mature, static bioassay
LC50, Palaemonetes kadiakensis (glass shrimp), 1.8 mcg/L/96 hours at 21 degrees C, mature, static bioassay
LC50, Pteronarcys Californica (stoneflies), 1.1 mcg/L/96 hours at 15 degrees C, 1st year class, static bioassay
LC50, Claassenia savulosa (stoneflies), 2.8 mcg/L/96 hours at 15 degrees C, 2nd year class, static bioassay
LC50, Esox lucius (northern pike), 6.2 mcg/L/96 hours at 18 degrees C, weight 0.7 g, static bioassay
LC50, Ictalurus melas (black bullhead), 63 mcg/L/96 hours at 24 degrees C, weight 0.9 g, static bioassay
LC50, Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill), 13 mcg/L/96 hours at 17 degrees C, weight 1.0 g, static bioassay
LC50, Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass), 10 mcg/L/96 hours at 18 degrees C, weight 0.8 g, static bioassay
LC50, Japanese quail, oral, 93 ppm in 5-day diet, 19 days old
LC50, Mallard, oral, 480 ppm in 5-day diet, 10 days old
EC50, Daphnia pulex (Daphnids), 42 mcg/L/48 hours at 15 degrees C, 1st instar, static bioassay
LC50, Gammarus lacustris (scuds), 29 mcg/L/96 hours at 21 degrees C, mature, static bioassay
LC50, Orconectes nais (crayfish), 0.5 mcg/L/96 hours at 21 degrees C, early instar, static bioassay
LC50, Pteronarcella badia (stoneflies), 0.9 mcg/L/96 hours at 15 degrees C, naiad, static bioassay
LC50, Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout), 7.4 mcg/L/96 hours at 13 degrees C, 0.8 g, static bioassay
LC50, Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), 23 mcg/L/96 hours at 18 degrees C, weight 1.3 g, static bioassay
LC50, Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish), 25 mcg/L/96 hours at 18 degrees C, weight 1.0 g, static bioassay
LC50, Lepomis microlophus (redear sunfish), 17 mcg/L/96 hours at 24 degrees C, weight 1.1 g, static bioassay
LC50, Carassius auratus (goldfish), 320 mcg/L/96 hours, static, unmeasured bioassay
LC50, Fowler's toad, larvae, 440 mcg/L/96 hours, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Penaeus duorarum (pink shrimp), 0.03 mcg/L/96 hours, saltwater, flow-through, measured bioassay
LC50, Morone saxatillis (striped bass), 3 mcg/L/96 hours, saltwater, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Lagodon rhomboides (pinfish), 3.77 mcg/L/96 hours, saltwater, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Leiostomus xanthurus (spot), 0.85 mcg/L/96 hours, saltwater, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow), 10.5 mcg/L/96 hours, saltwater, flow-through, measured bioassay
EC50, Selenastrum capricornutum (alga), 26.7 mcg/L/96 hours, toxic effect: growth inhibition, conditions of bioassay not specified
EC50, Isochrysis galbana (alga), 157 mcg/L/96 hours, saltwater, toxic effect: reduction of growth, conditions of bioassay not specified
EC50 Porphyridium cruentum (alga), 273 mcg/L/96 hours, saltwater, toxic effect: reduction in growth, conditions of bioassay not specified
EC50, Dunaliella tertiolecta (alga), 2260 mcg/L/96 hours, saltwater, toxic effect: reduction in growth, conditions of bioassay not specified

LC50 MINK (ORAL) 10.5 ppm/181 days (Crum et al, 1993)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

373.35 (Budavari, 1989)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

ODOR: Mild, camphoraceous odor (ACGIH, 1986)

TASTE: Not listed

COLOR

White crystals (HSDB , 1992)
White to light-tan waxy solid (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

3 X 10(-4) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.57-1.59 g/cm(3) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

95-96 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

BOILING POINT

135-145 degrees C (ACGIH, 1986)

FLASH POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Heptachlor is nearly insoluble in water (Lewis, 1992).
0.03 ppm (HSDB , 1992)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Heptachlor is soluble in organic solvents (Lewis, 1992).
Solubility in g/100 mL solvent (at 27 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989):

Acetone: 75
Alcohol: 4.5
Benzene: 106
Carbon tetrachloride: 112
Cyclohexanone: 119
Xylene: 102

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Nitrogen Trifluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009l. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963e0c&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Phenyl Mercaptan (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020cc0c&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Phosgene Oxime (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7e26d&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Potassium Cyanide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7cbb9&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Propargyl Alcohol (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec91&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Selenium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec55&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Silane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020d523&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Sodium Cyanide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7cbb9&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Strontium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Sulfuryl Chloride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec7a&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Tellurium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009i. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7e2a1&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Tert-Octyl Mercaptan (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008r. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648096e5c7&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents