GYPSUM
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
-IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
GYPSUM/PHOSPHOGYPSUM GYPSUM GIPS GYPSITE LANDPLASTER PHOSPHOGYPSUM
IDENTIFIERS
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Gypsum is used commercially in Portland cement, artificial marble, soil conditioner, white pigment in paints, pharmaceuticals, and paper, and as a filtration agent (EOSH, 1982). It is also calcined to the hemihydrate or dehydrated forms (plaster of Paris or dead-burned gypsum, respectively) (EOSH, 1982).
GYPSUM/PHOSPHOGYPSUM is a mineral composed mostly of CALCIUM SULFATE, also containing small amounts of SILICON DIOXIDE or SILICA, PHOSPHORIC ACID, and FLUORIDES. The formula for the calcium sulfate moiety in gypsum/phosphogypsum is Ca.H2SO4.2H2O. Gypsum is a white-to-gray powder or crystalline solid which is soluble in water (EOSH, 1982). It occurs in five forms in nature (gypsum rock, gypsite, alabaster, satin spar, and selenite) (EOSH, 1982). The fibrous forms can resemble asbestos (EOSH, 1982).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Gypsum dust is an irritant of the eyes and respiratory tract, may impair the senses of smell or taste, or cause nosebleeds (ILO, 1983).
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Chronic gypsum dust exposure can cause rhinitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, and tracheal and bronchial mucus membrane reactions (ILO, 1983). Gypsum dust itself does not cause pneumoconiosis; only minimal nonspecific lung damage was seen in four persons exposed to gypsum products who died of other causes (Schepers & Durkan, 1955). However, if the gypsum dust silica content is high, there can be a risk of developing silicosis from chronic exposures.
- The chronic respiratory effects of inhaling gypsum dust have been reviewed (Oakes, 1982).
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS13397-24-5 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Calcium sulfate EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Gypsum MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS13397-24-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS13397-24-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS13397-24-5 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS13397-24-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
Listed as: Gypsum REL: TWA: 10 mg/m(3) (total) 5 mg/m(3) (resp) STEL: Ceiling: Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed Skin Designation: Not Listed Note(s):
IDLH: Not Listed
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS13397-24-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
Listed as: Gypsum (Total dust) Table Z-1 for Gypsum (Total dust): 8-hour TWA: ppm: mg/m3: 15 Ceiling Value: Skin Designation: No Notation(s): Not Listed
Listed as: Gypsum (Respirable fraction) Table Z-1 for Gypsum (Respirable fraction): 8-hour TWA: ppm: mg/m3: 5 Ceiling Value: Skin Designation: No Notation(s): Not Listed
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS13397-24-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS13397-24-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS13397-24-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS13397-24-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS13397-24-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS13397-24-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS13397-24-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS13397-24-5 (EPA, 2005):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS13397-24-5 (NFPA, 2002):
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 13397-24-5.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS13397-24-5 (NFPA, 2002):
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS13397-24-5 (NFPA, 2002):
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS13397-24-5 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS13397-24-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
- AEGL Values for CAS13397-24-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 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62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS13397-24-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
- Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (10101-41-4): 172.17
-REFERENCES
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY- 40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
- 40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
- 49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.
- 62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.
- 65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
- 65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
- 65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
- 66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.
- 67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.
- 68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.
- 69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.
- AIHA: 2006 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA, 2006.
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- DFG: List of MAK and BAT Values 2002, Report No. 38, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany, 2002.
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- NFPA: Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 13th ed., National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 2002.
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