GLUTARALDEHYDE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C5-H8-O2
OCH(CH2)3CHO

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

154-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; HSDB , 2001; RTECS , 2001)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Glutaraldehyde is an effective biocide, killing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. It is commonly used as a cold sterilant and disinfectant for hospital instruments and equipment that cannot be sterilized by heat. This compound may also be used as a biocide for water treatment and oil field applications. Aqueous solutions are used as embalming fluids and for tanning leather. Glutaraldehyde may also be used as a tissue fixative. It is used as a cross-linking agent for proteins, enzymes, and polyhydroxy compounds. This compound is also used in film emulsions, x-ray processing solutions, as a preservative for cosmetics, a gelatine hardening agent, and as chemical intermediates for sealants and adhesives (Bingham et al, 2001; HSDB , 2001; S Sweetman , 2001; Fukunaga & Khatibi, 2000; Budavari, 1996; Hathaway et al, 1996; Ashford, 1994; Sittig, 1991).
A 5% to 10% buffered glutaraldehyde solution has been recommended for the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis and recurrent bullous eruption of the hands and feet, and warts (S Sweetman , 2001; DesGroseilliers & Brisson, 1974). Therapeutically, 2% to 10% topical solutions have been used to treat hyperhidrosis, onychomycosis, and verruca vulgaris. Glutaraldehyde solutions have been used prophylactically to prevent friction blisters in athletes and ballet dancers (Comaish, 1973).
Its primary use is as disinfectant, being most effective in a pH of 7.5 to 8.5 as a 2% aqueous solution. Brands containing glutaraldehyde include Cidex, Glutarol, Glutarex, Sporicidin, and Verucasep. The use of glutaraldehyde solutions in simulated cold sterilization procedures resulted in air concentrations of greater than the TLV in the operator's breathing zone in one report. Levels were 0.38 ppm compared to the TLV of 0.2 ppm (Schneider & Blejer, 1973).

FORMS

Glutaraldehyde is a liquid aliphatic dialdehyde which is soluble in water and alcohol (Budavari, 1996). At room temperature, it is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is miscible in water and organic solvents. Glutaraldehyde is not a naturally occurring compound. It is commonly the active ingredient in 2% buffered solutions, requiring sodium bicarbonate to activate the solutions (alkalinization to a pH of 7.5 to 8.5) (Harbison, 1998).
Glutaraldehyde is available in 99%, 50%, 25%, 10% and 2% solutions or a 50% biological solution (S Sweetman , 2001; Ellenhorn et al, 1997; Lewis, 1993).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Glutaraldehyde, an aliphatic dialdehyde, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, It is widely used in industrial, scientific and biomedical applications including biocidal treatment of water and paper, controlling bacterial growth in oil fields, cold sterilization of medical instruments and use as a histological fixative. It is commonly used as a disinfectant in endoscopy and bronchoscopy laboratories. It has also be used to treat hyperhidrosis (in low concentrations of 1% to 10%), the treatment of warts, an adhesive in dentistry, and a component in the manufacture of tissue transplants. It is available in aqueous solutions of various concentrations that can range from 1% to 50% (w/w).

TOXICOKINETICS: Glutaraldehyde can act as an eye, skin and respiratory tract irritant. It is also a skin and respiratory tract sensitizer. Clinical events can vary depending on the concentration. It has also been reported to produce dark room disease among radiographers defined as various symptoms of indefinite complaints, sometimes described as similar to sick building syndrome. Symptoms reported in human exposures appear to be dose-dependent.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

COMMON: Glutaraldehyde can be a strong irritant to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.
DERMAL: Glutaraldehyde can cause allergic contact dermatitis, skin discoloration and ulceration.
INHALATION: Vapor exposure in humans has been associated with coryza, epistaxis, headache, asthma, chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting. Among health care workers (eg, nurses, medical radiation technologists) peak concentrations of glutaraldehyde have been correlated with chronic bronchitis and nasal symptoms in some exposed individuals. Additional symptoms from exposure may include cough, rhinitis, respiratory difficulty, and lacrimation.
INGESTION: Limited data. In one young adult, a patient developed pain with swallowing and mild abdominal pain following the intentional ingestion of 75 mL of a glutaraldehyde 15% w/v and coco benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride 10% w/v solution. She recovered completely.
ANIMAL DATA: CNS depression has occurred in experimental animals given intravenous injections.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

TOXICOKINETICS: Glutaraldehyde can act as an eye, skin and respiratory tract irritant. It is also a skin and respiratory tract sensitizer. Clinical events can vary depending on the concentration. It has also been reported to produce dark room disease among radiographers defined as various symptoms of indefinite complaints, sometimes described as similar to sick building syndrome. Symptoms reported in human exposures appear to be dose-dependent.

Glutaraldehyde can be a strong irritant or corrosive of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs with exposure to vapor or mist (p 16). The threshold for irritation was 0.3 ppm in trained odor panelists (ACGIH, 1992). Ingestion may cause a burning sensation in the chest, severe abdominal pain and cramping, vomiting, diarrhea, anuria, vascular collapse, and coma (HSDB). Inhalation of glutaraldehyde vapor may cause sudden headaches (ACGIH, 1992). Glutaraldehyde penetrates the skin of experimental animals poorly, and penetrates human skin to an even lesser extent (Andersen, 1996).

According to one manufacturer's product information, direct contact with a concentrated solution may cause permanent corneal opacity. The no-effect level for ocular irritation in rabbits was 0.1% (Andersen, 1996). Failure to rinse all residual glutaraldehyde sterilant from colonoscopic equipment can result in severe proctocolitis in humans undergoing colonoscopy (Dolle et al, 1995) (Ryan & Potter, 1995).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Glutaraldehyde is a potent skin SENSITIZER (Benson, 1984) and can cause dermatoses (Hansen, 1983) and allergic contact dermatitis (Jordan et al, 1972). Many persons may already be sensitized to glutaraldehyde before ever being exposed to it in the workplace through contact with glutaraldehyde-containing medications and tanned leather (Foussereau, 1985). It may induce occupational asthma (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Daily application of a 20% solution of glutaraldehyde for treatment of plantar warts was implicated in necrosis of the pulp of the great toe in a 7-year-old child; necrosis was evidently due to the caustic rather than the allergenic activity of glutaraldehyde (Prigent et al, 1996).

In long-term experimental animal studies, glutaraldehyde caused liver damage in mice (ACGIH, 1992), but it was not neurotoxic in rats (Spencer, 1978).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

SUMMARY

Because of the potential for further gastrointestinal injury, do NOT induce emesis.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

Activated charcoal is generally not recommended due to the risk of producing emesis and/or obscuring endoscopic findings if endoscopy is needed.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

The following first aid measures are suggested (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

EYE EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE: Immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS: Eyes, skin and respiratory system.

SUMMARY

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression or seizures with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for further caustic injury and subsequent aspiration, do NOT induce emesis.
Activated charcoal is generally not recommended due to the risk of producing emesis and/or obscuring endoscopic findings if endoscopy is needed.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

The probable oral lethal dose of glutaraldehyde for humans ranges from 50 mg/kg to 5 g/kg, or between 1 teaspoon and 1 pint, for a 70 kg (150 lb) person (HSDB , 2001). Ten percent solutions have caused dermatitis when applied therapeutically.
Glutaraldehyde is a moderate sensitizer of human skin (Beauchamp et al, 1992).
WORKPLACE: In the workplace, glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde are frequently used together; however, there was no evidence of sensitization to glutaraldehyde due to formaldehyde exposure or vice versa (Beauchamp et al, 1992).

ABSORPTION

Glutaraldehyde can be absorbed through the skin and pulp chamber of the teeth when used as a dental adhesive (Beauchamp et al, 1992).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

SUMMARY

A maximum tolerated dose has not been established.

INGESTION

CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old woman presented to the ED about 1.5 hours after intentionally ingesting 75 mL of Omnicide(R) (glutaraldehyde 15% w/v and coco benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride 10% w/v). She developed spontaneous vomiting and complained of pain with swallowing and mild abdominal pain. Initially her physical exam was normal. However, 10 hours after admission she developed dyspnea and tachypnea with audible stridor and basal crepitations. During intubation, laryngeal edema was observed. Therapy included IV antibiotics and hydrocortisone therapy. The patient also developed metabolic acidosis within the first 24 hours which resolved with supportive care only; no sodium bicarbonate. She was successfully extubated on day 6. An endoscopy was not performed because the patient rapidly improved. The patient was discharged to home on day 9 and then lost to follow-up (Perera et al, 2008).

DERMAL

CASE REPORT: A 6-year-old child was inadvertently splashed on the face during surgery with approximately 100 mL of glutaraldehyde (Cidex(R)) and developed vomiting, fever, tachypnea and tachycardia for 6 hours after exposure. Chemical pneumonia also developed. The child recovered completely without permanent sequelae (Takigawa & Endo, 2006).

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Glutaraldehyde has been used in the healthcare setting for high level disinfection including endoscopes, it is a known irritant of the skin, eyes, nose and lungs in some individuals. Healthcare personnel have developed allergic dermatitis, rhinitis and occupational asthma after ongoing exposure (Copeland & Nugent, 2015; Rosenman & Beckett, 2015; Gutterman et al, 2013; Rideout et al, 2005).
PEL: The permissible exposure limit has been set at 0.05 to 0.2 part per million for vapor contamination from glutaraldehyde has been set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) (Gutterman et al, 2013; Ballantyne & Myers, 2001).
In the United Kingdom, glutaraldehyde has been withdrawn from use (Gutterman et al, 2013).
CASE REPORT: A 32-year-old pulmonary technician developed glutaraldehyde-induced rhinitis and asthma following occupational exposure. She came in contact with glutaraldehyde vapor during sterilization of mouthpieces being cleaned for spirometry studies. Her symptoms improved when she was away from work and recurred when working and was then placed on medical leave. Diagnostic studies were positive for a 25% drop in FEV1 after exposure to glutaraldehyde but not other substances used as a control. The patient was able to return to work once the sterilization process was changed and her asthma symptoms improved. She was maintained on a low dose of inhaled corticosteroid therapy (Ong et al, 2004).
CASE SERIES: Gannon et al (1995) diagnosed occupational asthma in 7 workers, all of whom demonstrated positive specific bronchial challenge tests to glutaraldehyde. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) records in all 7 were suggestive of occupational asthma. Mean level of glutaraldehyde in air during the challenge tests was 0.068 mg/m(3), a level below current occupational exposure standards (Gannon et al, 1995).

ANIMAL DATA

INGESTION

ACUTE TOXICITY: In animal studies, the effects of ingestion of glutaraldehyde were followed in the rat. When mortality was expressed as mL solution dosed/kg of body weight, a dose response relationship for lethality was found with solutions of 5% and greater producing moderate acute oral toxicity and those of 2% and lower causing slight toxicity. Of note, when LD50s are expressed as mL of solution, toxicity decreases with decreasing glutaraldehyde concentration (ie, dilution). However, when toxicity is expressed as the absolute amount of glutaraldehyde doses (ie, milligrams glutaraldehyde/kilogram) there is a reciprocal relationship between LD50 and dosage (Ballantyne & Myers, 2001).

Signs of oral toxicity in both rats and mice given 2% solutions included a decrease of spontaneous behavior, piloerection and abdominal swelling (Takigawa & Endo, 2006).
In mice, similar acute oral toxicity was found. In addition, the findings confirmed the inverse relationship between toxicity and dose when expressed as milligram glutaraldehyde per kilogram. The reasons are somewhat unclear, but the findings suggest that at higher concentrations there is severe irritancy and corrosivity to the upper gastrointestinal tract and death may occur, while at lower concentrations a lesser degree of gastrointestinal irritancy may occur which might allow a greater amount of glutaraldehyde to be absorbed and result in systemic toxicity (Ballantyne & Myers, 2001).

DERMAL

ACUTE TOXICITY: In animal studies, the percutaneous effects of glutaraldehyde were as follows (Ballantyne & Myers, 2001):
- Concentrations of 15% glutaraldehyde or higher: Severe skin irritation and injury included erythema, edema, necrosis and scab formation.
- Concentrations of 10% glutaraldehyde: Less marked skin irritation, but erythema, edema, necrosis and scab formation occurred.
- Concentrations of 5% glutaraldehyde: Mild to moderate skin irritation, but necrosis did not develop.
A 2% glutaraldehyde solution produced no systemic effects, whether applied as a single dose or in multiple applications. In this study where rabbits had a 2% glutaraldehyde solution and an 8% formaldehyde solution applied, the glutaraldehyde produced some yellow and brown skin stainings, but was not nearly as severe an irritant as formaldehyde (Stonehill et al, 1963).

OCULAR

ACUTE TOXICITY: In animal studies, eye irritation studies showed a dose-dependent response for the development of periocular injury and/or inflammation (Ballantyne & Myers, 2001):
- Concentrations of 45% glutaraldehyde: Severe conjunctival and marked diffuse corneal injury occurred and were persistent.
- Concentrations of 5% glutaraldehyde: Marked corneal injury developed.
- Concentrations of 2% glutaraldehyde: Produced mild corneal injury.
- Concentrations of 1% glutaraldehyde: The lowest concentration that produced corneal injury in rabbits; it also produced conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis of mild to moderate effects.
- Lowest no effect level (absence of corneal injury): 0.5% concentration.

INHALATION

INHALATION: When equicidal concentrations of solutions were allowed to evaporate in a closed system, a 2% glutaraldehyde produced no symptoms in 4 hours, while an 8% formaldehyde produced respiratory tract irritation and pulmonary damage. When the concentration of both compounds were increased, the clinical effects became equally severe. When the concentration of both compounds were increased, the clinical effects became equally severe (Stonehill et al, 1963).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS111-30-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Glutaraldehyde, activated and inactivated

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Glutaraldehyde
MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: Glutaraldehyde

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS111-30-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: ACGIH, 1991 Lewis, 1996 HSDB, 2001 RTECS, 2001
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 4.164 mg/m(3)
1 mg/m(3) = 0.24 ppm
1 mg/L = 245 ppm; 1 ppm = 4.1 mg/m(3) (Clayton & Clayton, 1993; HSDB , 2001)
1 ppm = 4.09 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 1998)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS111-30-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Glutaraldehyde, activated and inactivated

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling: 0.05 ppm

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: SEN
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.
SEN: The designation SEN refers to the potential for an agent to produce sensitization, as confirmed by human or animal data. The notation does not imply that this is the critical effect or that this is the sole basis for the TLV. Although, for those TLVs that are based on sensitization, the TLV is meant to protect workers from induction of this effect, but cannot protect workers who have already become sensitized. The notation should be used to assist in identifying sensitization hazards and reducing respiratory, dermal, and conjunctival exposures to sensitizing agents in the workplace. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT, skin, and eye irr; CNS impair
Molecular Weight: 100.11

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS111-30-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS111-30-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Glutaraldehyde
REL:

TWA:
STEL:
Ceiling: 0.2 ppm (0.8 mg/m(3))
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix C (Aldehydes)

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS111-30-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS111-30-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS111-30-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS111-30-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS111-30-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS111-30-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS111-30-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS111-30-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS111-30-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Pentanedial

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS111-30-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Medical personnel should wear long-sleeved gowns with cuffs and overlapping gloves. Double gloving is recommended since glutaraldehyde may be adsorbed to rubber gloves. Wear protective eye wear (no contact lenses) and use a respirator with organic vapor filter (paper masks are ineffective). To prevent vapor formation, cover baths and drainage systems. Dispose of gowns and gloves in closed container after use (Wiggins et al, 1989).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Glutaraldehyde should be stored in containers which can be tightly closed (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Storage areas for glutaraldehyde should be well-ventilated (Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Glutaraldehyde is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong bases. Alcohol, ketones, amines, hydrazines, and proteins will react with alkaline glutaraldehyde solutions (NIOSH , 1998).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent skin and eye contact. Since this compound is a severe skin and eye irritant, contaminated skin should be flushed with water and contaminated clothing should be removed. Eyes should also be flushed with lots of water in case of exposure. Eyewash fountains and quick drench showers should be provided in work areas where there may be exposure (CHRIS , 1998; NIOSH , 1998; Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 111-30-8.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 1

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 2

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 50%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 5% aqueous solution
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 50%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 5% aqueous solution
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 50%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 5% aqueous solution
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: 50%
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)
Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: 5% aqueous solution
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.02
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 50%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.02
Notes: 5% aqueous solution
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid, 50%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: liquid, 5% aqueous solution
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.04
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 50%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid, 5% aqueous solution
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyethylene

DuPont Personal Protection

Poly-Coat

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Insufficient Data
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Insufficient Data
Notes: 7%
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 25%
Citation: (North, 2002)

Natural Rubber

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 723

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%, tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultraflex Neoprene 32

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%, tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene+NatR

Best Manufacturing

Chem Master CHM

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%, tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitrile

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 7005

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): None Detected
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

N-DEX 8005

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%, tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

North Safety Products

Nitrile Series

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Insufficient Data
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Insufficient Data
Notes: 25%
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 440
Notes: 7%
Citation: (North, 2002)

Nitrile+PVC

Best Manufacturing

Hustler 725R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 25
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.1
Notes: 50%
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%, tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: 2% in water, tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: 25% in Water, tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: 25% in Water, tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: 2% in water, tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

North Safety Products

Silver Shield

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Insufficient Data
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Insufficient Data
Notes: 7%
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Insufficient Data
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Insufficient Data
Notes: 25%
Citation: (North, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Best Manufacturing

Black Knight 7712R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: 50%
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 25%
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Insufficient Data
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Insufficient Data
Notes: 7%
Citation: (North, 2002)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
Glutaraldehyde will not burn, so fire extinguishing agents should be suitable for surrounding fires (Sittig, 1991).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS111-30-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS111-30-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Glutaraldehyde will not burn, so fire extinguishing agents should be suitable for surrounding fires (Sittig, 1991).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Glutaraldehyde will give off irritating fumes and acrid smoke if heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Glutaraldehyde is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong bases. Alcohol, ketones, amines, hydrazines, and proteins will react with alkaline glutaraldehyde solutions (NIOSH , 1998).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS111-30-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Gluteraldehyde
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): 0.2
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 1
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 5
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS111-30-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Gluteraldehyde
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.05
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.2
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 1
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 5
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS111-30-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS111-30-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 154 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
In case glutaraldehyde is spilled, restrict persons from the area if they are not properly equipped with personal protective equipment. Glutaraldehyde is irritating to eyes and skin. The release should be stopped if it is safe to do so. This compound should be kept from entering water intakes. Spilled material can be absorbed in dry material such as vermiculite or sand and placed in sealed containers. This compound may be disposed of by incineration (CHRIS , 1998; Sittig, 1991).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

This compound may be disposed of by incineration (CHRIS , 1998; Sittig, 1991).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Occupational exposure to glutaraldehyde is common in health care workers, and can occur through its use as a disinfectant and steralizing agent for medical instruments and hospital rooms, dental clinics, operating areas, etc. (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Glutaraldehyde present in waste waters and municipal sewage systems reacts with amino-group containing compounds and degrades readily (Verschueren, 2001).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Glutaraldehyde is degraded in waste streams through reaction with amino-group containing compounds (Verschueren, 2001).

BIODEGRADATION

As shown by the results of several lab studies, glutaraldehyde is readily degraded by a number of different microorganisms (Verschueren, 2001).

BIOACCUMULATION

PLANTS

TERRESTRIAL
- Glutaraldehyde will not concentrate in the food chain (CHRIS, 2004).

OTHER

OTHER
- Glutaraldehyde will not concentrate in the food chain (CHRIS, 2004).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for glutaraldehyde in E. coli was found to be 31,600 - 316,000 (after 30 minutes exposure to 300 - 1200 mcg/L) (Verschueren, 2001).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

AQUATIC ORGANISMS

FISH

LC50 - BLUEGILL SUNFISH (Lepomis macrochirus) (Verschueren, 2001):

13 mg/L for 48H
13 mg/L for 72H
13 mg/L for 96H
19 mg/L for 24H
22.4 mg/L for 96H
23.7 mg/L for 48H

LC50 - GOLDEN ORFE: 10 - 100 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC50 - RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (Verschueren, 2001):

23.7 mg/L for 96H
32.6 mg/L for 48H

LC50 - SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW (Cyprinodon variegatus) (Verschueren, 2001):

39 mg/L for 72H
39 mg/L for 96H
42 mg/L for 48H
46 mg/L for 24H

LC50 - TROUT (Salmo gairdneri) (Verschueren, 2001):

10 mg/L for 72H
10 mg/L for 96H
12 mg/L for 48H
17 mg/L for 24H

NOEC - BLUEGILL SUNFISH (Lepomis macrochirus) (Verschueren, 2001):

7.8 mg/L for 96H
10 mg/L

NOEC - RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss): 18 mg/L (Verschueren, 2001)
NOEC - SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW (Cyprinodon variegatus): 22 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)
NOEC - TROUT (Salmo gairdneri): <1.7 mg/L for 96H (Verschueren, 2001)

CRUSTACEANS

EC0 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna) (Verschueren, 2001):

12.5 mg/L for 24H
12.5 mg/L for 48H

EC50 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna)(Verschueren, 2001) :

11.5 - 14 mg/L 48H
18 - 33 mg/L for 24H
29.7 mg/L for 48H

EC100 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna Straus) (Verschueren, 2001):

50 mg/L for 48H
100 mg/L for 24H

LC0 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 10 mg/L for 28D (Verschueren, 2001)
LOEC - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 20 mg/L for 28D (Verschueren, 2001)
NOEC - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna) (Verschueren, 2001):

5.0 - 6.6 mg/L for 48H
10 mg/L for 28D

MICROORGANISMS

BACTERIA

EC10 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas putida): 8.8 mg/L for 17H (Verschueren, 2001)
EC50 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas putida): 13.3 mg/L for 17H -- affected cell multiplication (Verschueren, 2001)
EC90 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas putida): 27.9 mg/L for 17H (Verschueren, 2001)
EC>99 -BACTERIA (Staphylococcus aureus): 0.2 mg/L for 20 min -- affected cell multiplication (Verschueren, 2001)
IC15 - BACTERIA (Bacillus subtilis): 20 mg/L for 10 min -- growth inhibition (Verschueren, 2001)
IC50 -BACTERIA (Pseudomonas aeruginosa): 0.62 mg/L for 48H -- inhibited cell multiplication (Verschueren, 2001)
IC>99 - BACTERIA (Bacillus sp.): 20 mg/L for 48H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC22 - BACTERIA (Bacillus pumilus): 20 mg/L for 1H -- at pH 6 and 37 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>90 - BACTERIA (Bacillus pumilus): 20 mg/L for 30 min -- at 20 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Bacillus anthracis): 20 mg/L for 30 min (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Bacillus pumilus): 20 mg/L for 1H -- at pH 8 and 37 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Bacillus subtilis): 20 mg/L for 24H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Clostridium bifermentans): 20 mg/L for 5 min (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Clostridium sporogenes): 20 mg/L for 20 min (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Clostridium tetani): 20 mg/L for 30 min (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Escherichia coli): 0.1 mg/L for 2H -- at pH 4.6 (Verschueren, 2001)
IC>99 - BACTERIA (Escherichia coli): 0.2 mg/L for 20 min -- cell multiplication (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas aeruginosa): 0.1 mg/L for 75 min -- at pH 4.6 and 18 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)
IC>99 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas aeruginosa): 0.2 mg/L for 20 min (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - BACTERIA (Staphylococcus aureus): 0.1 mg/L for 105 min -- at pH 4.6 and 18 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)
LC100 - BACTERIA (Bacillus subtilis): 20 mg/L for 1H (Verschueren, 2001)
LC100 - BACTERIA (Escherichia coli): 0.1 mg/L for 10 min -- at pH 7.9 (Verschueren, 2001)
LC100 - BACTERIA (Staphylococcus aureus): 20 mg/L for 10 min (Verschueren, 2001)

ALGAE

EC20 - ALGAE (Scenedesmus subspicatus): 0.08 - 0.39 mg/L for 72H (Verschueren, 2001)
EC50 - ALGAE (Scenedesmus subspicatus): 0.39 - 0.61 mg/L for 72H -- cell multiplication inhibition test (Verschueren, 2001)
EC90 - ALGAE (Scenedesmus subspicatus): 1.66 - 1.79 mg/L for 72H (Verschueren, 2001)

FUNGI

IC50 - FUNGUS (Aspergillus fumigatus): >0.5 mg/L for 8 min -- at pH 8 and 22 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)
IC50 - FUNGUS (Candida albicans): >2.5 mg/L for 8 min -- at pH 8 and 22 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)
LC>99 - FUNGUS (Candida albicans): 0.1 mg/L for 72H -- at 35 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)

The effect of low concentrations of glutaraldehyde on aquatic life is unknown; however, it may be harmful if it enters water intakes (CHRIS, 2004).

TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS

BIRDS

LD50 (ORAL) - MALLARD (Anas platyrhynchas) (Verschueren, 2001):

365 mg/kg
412 mg/kg

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

100.12

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Glutaraldehyde exists as a colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid with a pungent odor like rotten apples. This compound will polymerize in water to a glassy form (CHRIS, 2005; Budavari, 1996) . ACGIH (1991) reports that glutaraldehyde forms colorless crystals.

Solutions in water are slightly acidic. When buffered to a pH of 7.5-8.5, solutions are only stable for 1 to 2 weeks. Alkaline solutions tend to polymerize and precipitate (S Sweetman , 2001).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0.0152 mmHg (50% solution); 0.0012 mmHg (2% solution) (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

17 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (NIOSH, 2005; Lewis, 1993)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.10 (NIOSH, 2005)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 1.062-1.124 (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS, 2005)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.72 (Lewis, 1993)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-14 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)
<-7 degrees C; <20 degrees F; <266 degrees K (CHRIS, 2005)
7 degrees F (NIOSH, 2005)

MELTING POINT

-14 degrees C(HSDB, 2005)

BOILING POINT

187-189 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

106-108 degrees C (at 50 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

71-72 degrees C (at 10 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996)

187-189 degrees C (with decomposition) (ACGIH, 1991)

188 degrees C (decomposes) (Lewis, 1993)

187 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1993)

>100 degrees C; >212 degrees F; 373 degrees K (CHRIS, 2005)

212 degrees F (NIOSH, 2005)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Glutaraldehyde is soluble in water and becomes volatile in steam (Budavari, 1996). HSDB (2001) reports that glutaraldehyde is soluble in all proportions in water.

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Glutaraldehyde is soluble in alcohol, ether, and other organic solvents (ACGIH, 1991).

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

MASS

NIST 1116 (NIST/EPA/MCDC Mass Spectral Database 1990 Version)(HSDB, 2005)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.04 ppm (ACGIH, 1991)

SURFACE TENSION

<80 dynes/cm = <0.08 N/m (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (CHRIS, 2005)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4338 (at 25 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

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GLUTARALDEHYDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents