FORMETANATE HYDROCHLORIDE
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
FORMETANATE HYDROCHLORIDE CARBAMIC ACID, METHYL-, ESTER with N'- (m-HYDROXYPHENYL)-N,N- DIMETHYLFORMAMIDINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE CARZOL CARZOL SP DICARZOL m-(((DIMETHYLAMINO)METHYLENE)AMINO)PHENYL METHYL CARBAMATE, HYDROCHLORIDE 3-DIMETHYLAMINOMETHYLENEIMINOPHENYL-N- METHYLCARBAMATE, HYDROCHLORIDE N,N-DIMETHYL-N'-(((METHYLAMINO)CARBONYL)OXY) PHENYLMETHANIMIDAMIDE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE EP-332 FORMETANATE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE METHANIMIDAMIDE, N,N-DIMETHYL-N'-(3-(((METHYLAMINO) CARBONYL)OXY)PHENYL)-, MONOHYDROCHLORIDE MORTON EP 332 NOR-AM EP 332 SCHERING 36056 SN 36056 OPTUNAL
IDENTIFIERS
Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
SYNONYM REFERENCE
- (RTECS , 1990; EPA, 1985)
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
Formetanate has been used as an insecticide, miticide, and acaricide on plants (EPA, 1985). Formetanate, similar to other carbamate pesticides, is a cholinesterase inhibitor (Knowles & Ahmad, 1972). Unlike organophosphates, carbamates cause reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Their effects are similar to those of the organophosphates, but are generally not as severe and disappear more quickly (Morgan, 1989).
Formetanate hydrochloride (also called FORMETANATE) is a carbamate compound. It occurs as a colorless crystalline or a white-to-yellow powder solid which is soluble in methanol, chloroform, and acetone, and is sparingly soluble in water (HSDB , 1993). Formetanate is a HIGHLY TOXIC substance. At the time of this review, little information was available on the effects of formetanate itself. This review is based on the properties of carbamates in general, with effects attributed specifically to formetanate noted. The metabolism of formetanate has been reviewed (Fukuto, 1972).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- The following are symptoms from carbamate insecticides in general, which are due to the anticholinesterase activity of this class of compounds. All of these effects may not be documented for formetanate, but could potentially occur in individual cases.
- USES: Formetanate, a carbamate insecticide, is used as a systemic carbamate acaricide, insecticide, and miticide.
- TOXICOLOGY: Carbamate insecticides competitively inhibit pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase, preventing hydrolysis and inactivation of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine accumulates at nerve junctions, causing malfunction of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and peripheral nervous systems and some of the CNS. Clinical signs of cholinergic excess develop.
- EPIDEMIOLOGY: Exposure to carbamate insecticides is common, but serious toxicity is unusual in the US. Common source of severe poisoning in developing countries. Toxicity generally less severe than with organophosphates.
MILD TO MODERATE POISONING: MUSCARINIC EFFECTS: Can include bradycardia, salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis, vomiting, diarrhea, urination, and miosis. NICOTINIC EFFECTS: Tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, and muscle cramps may develop. SEVERE POISONING: MUSCARINIC EFFECTS: Bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, and acute lung injury. NICOTINIC EFFECTS: Muscle fasciculations, weakness, and respiratory failure. CENTRAL EFFECTS: CNS depression, agitation, confusion, delirium, coma, and seizures. Hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, pancreatitis, and hyperglycemia can also develop. CHILDREN: May have different predominant signs and symptoms than adults (more likely CNS depression, stupor, coma, flaccidity, dyspnea, and seizures). Children may also have fewer muscarinic and nicotinic signs of intoxication (ie, secretions, bradycardia, fasciculations, and miosis) as compared with adults. INHALATION EXPOSURE: Vapors rapidly produce mucous membrane and upper airway irritation and bronchospasm, followed by systemic muscarinic, nicotinic, and central effects if exposed to significant concentrations.
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
- Based on its acute oral LD50 of 21 or 26.4 mg/kg in rats (RTECS , 1993), formetanate is a HIGHLY TOXIC carbamate compound (Morgan, 1989). Formetanate is hazardous by the inhalation and oral exposure routes, but is not well absorbed through the skin (EPA, 1985; Sax & Lewis, 1989). It is an eye irritant in rabbits (EPA, 1988).
- General symptoms of exposure to carbamates include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, salivation, sweating, lassitude, weakness, rhinorrhea, chest tightness, blurring or dimness of vision, miosis, tearing, eye pain, loss of coordination, slurring of speech, muscle twitching, breathing difficulty, cyanosis, hypertension, hypotension, jerking movements, incontinence, convulsions, coma, and death due to paralysis of respiratory muscles, respiratory arrest, and bronchoconstriction (HSDB , 1993).
- The effects of acute exposure to carbamates can rarely be long-lasting. Protracted malaise and weakness may occur after apparent recovery from carbamate poisoning (Garber, 1987). Delayed axonal peripheral neuropathy, similar to that seen with organophosphates, has been described in one patient who ingested 500 mg/kg of carbaryl (Dickoff et al, 1987).
- As a rule, carbamates cause rapid reversible inactivation of cholinesterases by formation of carbamylated enzymes. Reversal of enzyme inhibition is relatively rapid, with a half-life of hours. The rapid reactivation of cholinergic activity with carbamate poisoning often produces less severe symptoms than those seen in organophosphate poisoning; however, severe and even fatal anticholinergic effects can occur from exposure to carbamates if the dose is sufficiently high. Respiratory depression and acute pulmonary edema are usually the immediate causes of death with acute exposure to N-methyl carbamates, such as formetanate (Morgan, 1989).
- Carbamates, such as formetanate, are direct-acting cholinesterase inhibitors. Metabolism results in detoxification. Anticholinesterase effects of carbamates are usually milder than those of organophosphates (Finkel, 1983).
- Methylcarbamates, such as formetanate, may inhibit a number of enzymes other than cholinesterases. Enzymes which have been inhibited by other methylcarbamates include alkaline phosphatase, aldolase, arginase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD), transaminase, and phosphofructokinase (Finkel, 1983).
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- At the time of this review, no studies were found on the effects of chronic formetanate exposure in humans or experimental animals.
- Because carbamates generally have rapid inactivation and reversal of anticholinesterase activity, cumulative toxicity is less likely with these compounds than with the organophosphates.
- Neurological effects have been reported with long-term exposure to carbaryl, a related compound. One patient developed a progressive debilitating syndrome, including headaches, memory loss, proximal muscle weakness, muscle fasciculations, muscle cramps, and anorexia with marked weight loss (Branch & Jacqz, 1986).
-FIRST AID
FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT
- PREHOSPITAL: Activated charcoal is contraindicated because of possible respiratory depression, seizures, and risk of aspiration. Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water. Universal precautions and nitrile gloves to protect personnel. Vomiting should be contained and treated as hazardous material. Rescue personnel should avoid dermal exposure to vomiting because of the risk of intoxication.
- ANTIDOTE: There are two primary classes of antidotes: ATROPINE (muscarinic antagonist); OXIMES (pralidoxime in the US, or obidoxime in some other countries) to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Use of oximes is generally indicated for patients with severe toxicity and are used in conjunction with atropine.
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
PREHOSPITAL DECONTAMINATION/NOT RECOMMENDED PERSONNEL PROTECTION Universal precaution should be followed by all individuals (i.e., first responders, emergency medical, and emergency department personnel) caring for the patient to avoid contamination. Nitrile gloves are suggested. Avoid direct contact with contaminated clothing, objects or body fluids. Vomiting containing carbamates should be placed in a closed impervious containers for proper disposal.
DERMAL EXPOSURE EYE EXPOSURE DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.
INHALATION EXPOSURE INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ANTIDOTE: There are two primary classes of antidotes: ATROPINE (muscarinic antagonist); OXIMES (pralidoxime in the US, or obidoxime in some other countries) to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Use of oximes is generally indicated for patients with severe toxicity and are used in conjunction with atropine.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
Note that CHILDREN MAY EXHIBIT DIFFERENT PREDOMINANT SIGNS of organophosphate poisoning from adults. In studies of children poisoned by organophosphate or carbamate compounds, the major symptoms in most of them were CNS depression, stupor, flaccidity, dyspnea, and coma. Other classical signs of organophosphate poisoning, such as miosis, fasciculations, bradycardia, excessive salivation and lacrimation, and gastrointestinal symptoms, were infrequent (Sofer et al, 1989; Lifshitz et al, 1999). Children tend to be more sensitive to organophosphates than adults (Zweiner & Ginsburg, 1988).
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS23422-53-9 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS23422-53-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS23422-53-9 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS23422-53-9 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS23422-53-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS23422-53-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS23422-53-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS23422-53-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
Listed as: Formetanate hydrochloride Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information: Listed as: Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N[prime]-[3-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]-, monohydrochloride Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms): Additional Information:
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS23422-53-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS23422-53-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
Listed as: Formetanate hydrochloride P or U series number: P198 Footnote: Listed as: Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N[prime]-[3-[[(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]-, monohydrochloride P or U series number: P198 Footnote: Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS23422-53-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
Listed as: Formetanate Hydrochloride Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100 Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds: Note(s): d
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS23422-53-9 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS23422-53-9 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS23422-53-9 (EPA, 2005):
Listed as: Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[3-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]-, monohydrochloride
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS23422-53-9 (NFPA, 2002):
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash away any material that may have contaminated the body with copious amounts of soap and water (AAR, 1987).
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
- Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 23422-53-9.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures. POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004) Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS23422-53-9 (NFPA, 2002):
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS23422-53-9 (NFPA, 2002):
- Choose an extinguishing agent suitable for fires in surrounding material (AAR, 1987).
- Water may be used in flooding quantities as fog (AAR, 1987).
- Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Wear self-contained (positive pressure) breathing apparatus and full-protective clothing (EPA, 1985).
When heated to decomposition, formetanate releases toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen, and hydrogen chloride (Sax & Lewis, 1989).
DUST/VAPOR HAZARD
- When heated to decomposition, formetanate releases toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen, and hydrogen chloride (Sax & Lewis, 1989).
REACTIVITY HAZARD
- At the time of this review, no information was found regarding reactivity hazards of formetanate hydrochloride.
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
- SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS23422-53-9 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS23422-53-9 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
Listed as Formetanate hydrochloride TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 3.5 TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 10 TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 18 TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 18 Definitions: TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects. TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.
- AEGL Values for CAS23422-53-9 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS23422-53-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004) Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004) Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Disposal of large quantities or contamination of large areas may be regulated by various governmental agencies and reporting may be required.
-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT
POLLUTION HAZARD
- Artificial Sources: Formetanate hydrochloride's use as an insecticide(1) will result in its release to the environment through various insecticidal applications(SRC). HSDB 2003 Formetanate hyddrochloride has been used as an insecticide, and this use has resulted in releases to the environment (HSDB, 2003).
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS
OTHER Formetanate appears to rapidly degrade in soil under aerobic conditions. Since it appears to leach in soil, it has a potential for groundwater contamination (EPA, 1988). Dissipation of formetanate residues applied to citrus trees followed first-order kinetics. The half-life of formetanate was undeterminably long (Hadjidemetriou et al, 1985). TERRESTRIAL FATE (Menzer & Nelson, 1986) Carbamate insecticides are relatively nonpersistent in the environment, in contrast to persistent insecticides such as the chlorinated hydrocarbons. They generally persist from only a few hours through several weeks to months. Only in rare instances are carbamate residues found in crops beyond the growing season during which they were applied. Because of their rapid breakdown in the environment, these compounds do not generally represent a serious problem as contaminants of soil and water. Their breakdown products, being composed of low molecular weight, volatile molecules that are easily degraded and utilized by organisms, are usually non-toxic. Carbamate insecticides may contaminate soils by either direct application or through runoff from applications to crops. When these compounds are present in soil, their disappearance is influence by their interaction with physical characteristics and water content of the soil, and the microflora present. The combination of interaction with soil components and rapid chemical and biochemical degradation in the soil results in minimal contamination of water supplies and soil to which the insecticides have not been applied.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY
1. LD50 (ORAL) MALLARD DUCK: 11.7 mg/kg (EPA, 1988) 2. LD50 (ORAL) BOBWHITE QUAIL: 43.1 mg/kg (EPA, 1988)
- The persistence of toxic effects of several acaricides was determined via bioassays from treated peach foliage. The half-lives of formetanate HCl was 8 to 9 days (Pree et al, 1992).
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- This compound exists as a white crystalline solid; it is essentially odorless (EPA, 1988)
- white powder with a faint odor (EPA, 1985)
PH
VAPOR PRESSURE
- 2x10(-8) mmHg (temperature not specified) (EPA, 1985)
FREEZING/MELTING POINT
SOLUBILITY
> 50% solubility in water (EPA, 1985) 50% in water (HSDB , 1999) > 500,000 mg/L (HSDB , 1999)
Methanol: 20% (HSDB , 1999) Benzene: < 0.1% (HSDB , 1999) Acetone: < 0.1% (HSDB , 1999) Methanol ca.: 25% (HSDB , 1999) Chloroform: 0.2% (HSDB , 1999) Hexane: < 0.1% (HSDB , 1999) Slightly soluble in organic solvents (HSDB , 1999).
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