FLUOROACETYL CHLORIDE

Fluoroacetyl chloride is an acid chloride compound. No information on the appearance or odor of fluoroacetyl chloride were found in available references at the time of this review.
Few specific data were available about the toxicity of fluoroacetyl chloride; its toxicity is expected to be similar to that of FLUOROACETATE. This review is based on the properties of fluoroacetate (as SODIUM FLUOROACETATE). Effects attributed specifically to fluoroacetyl chloride are identified.

SOURCES

It is made from SODIUM FLUOROACETATE (HSDB , 1993). It can be hydrolyzed directly to fluoroacetate (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Fluoroacetyl chloride is the acid chloride of sodium fluoroacetate. Fluoro ester compounds can be hydrolyzed directly to fluoroacetate. Little specific data were available specifically regarding the toxicity of fluoroacetyl chloride; its toxicity is expected to be similar to that of FLUOROACETATE.

The following review discusses the toxicity and treatment of poisoning with FLUOROACETATE.
No data on the appearance, odor, or uses of fluoroacetyl chloride were found in available references at the time of this review,
FLUOROACETYL CHLORIDE is irritating or corrosive to the skin and eyes, and could be irritating to the GI tract if ingested. No data are available regarding whether this compound can be absorbed through intact skin; it may be absorbed following ingestion and inhalation.

Clinical effects are usually seen within 1/2 hour of exposure. Symptoms of nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, numbness, a tingling sensation, and apprehension are seen initially, and may last for up to 6 hours. Muscular twitching, blurred vision, and hypotension may develop.

Severe effects such as coma, convulsions, and cardiac arrhythmias may be delayed in onset as long as 20 hours.
The cardiac effects noted include tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden onset of asystole.
Death may occur from respiratory depression and hypoxia during convulsions or cardiac arrest.
Neurologic sequelae and acute renal failure have been described after acute poisoning.
Metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, elevated levels of hepatic transaminases, and elevated serum creatinine may occur in fluoroacetate poisoning.

At least one case of severe poisoning with numbness and tingling of the face, excessive salivation, blurred vision, peripheral paresthesias, convulsions, and coma has occurred from inhalation and dermal contact with fluoroacetate. In general, fluoroacetate is absorbed following ingestion and inhalation, but not through intact skin.

Fluoroacetate mimics acetic acid and reacts with coenzyme A and oxaloacetic acid, forming fluorocitric acid which enters and blocks the Kreb's cycle, allowing accumulation of citric acid.

Fluoroacetyl chloride release toxic and irritating fumes of chlorides and fluorides when heated to decomposition. Inhalation exposure to such products of combustion would be predicted to result in respiratory tract irritation with bronchospasm, chemical pneumonitis, or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Based on its acute inhalation LC50 of 200 mg/m(3)/10 minutes in mice (RTECS , 1993), fluoroacetyl chloride is a moderately toxic substance. It may be absorbed following ingestion and inhalation (Sax & Lewis, 1989; EPA, 1985). No data are available about whether this compound can be absorbed through intact skin.

Fluoroacetyl chloride is irritating or corrosive to the skin and eyes (EPA, 1985), and could be irritating to the GI tract if ingested.

Fluoroacetate is very rapidly absorbed. A milligram of pure fluoroacetate is probably enough to cause severe toxicity, and less may be toxic. A dose of 2 to 10 mg/kg (140 to 700 mg for a 70-kg adult) may be fatal (Egekeze & Oehme, 1979; Baselt & Cravey, 1989). One death due to subacute fluoroacetate poisoning has been reported (Peters et al, 1981).

Clinical effects of fluoroacetate poisoning are usually seen within 1/2 hour of exposure (HSDB , 1993; Grant, 1986). Fluoroacetate produces initial symptoms of nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, numbness, a tingling sensation, and apprehension, which may last for up to 6 hours (HSDB , 1993; Grant, 1986; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988). Muscular twitching, blurred vision, and hypotension may develop (HSDB , 1993; Grant, 1986). Auditory hallucinations can occur (Proctor et al, 1988).

At least one case of severe poisoning with numbness and tingling of the face, excessive salivation, blurred vision, peripheral paresthesias, convulsions, and coma has occurred from inhalation and dermal contact with fluoroacetate (Grant, 1986).

Severe effects of fluoroacetate poisoning such as coma, convulsions, and cardiac arrhythmias may be delayed in onset as long as 20 hours (Reigart et al, 1975; HSDB , 1993). Death may occur from respiratory depression and hypoxia during convulsions or cardiac arrest (HSDB , 1993).

Acute fluoroacetate poisoning can affect the heart. Cardiac effects noted include tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden onset of asystole (HSDB , 1993; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988). Other effects described with acute fluoroacetate poisoning are delayed neurotoxicity, acute kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, elevated levels of hepatic transaminases, and elevated serum creatinine (McTaggart, 1970; Trabes et al, 1983; Baselt & Cravey, 1989; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988; Chung, 1984).

Fluoroacetate mimics acetic acid and reacts with coenzyme A and oxaloacetic acid, forming fluorocitric acid which enters and blocks the Krebs cycle, with accumulation of CITRIC ACID as the result (HSDB , 1993; Baselt & Cravey, 1989).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

At the time of this review, no studies on chronic exposure to fluoroacetyl chloride in humans or experimental animals were found.

Neurologic, liver, kidney, and thyroid dysfunction were seen in an exterminator who was repeatedly exposed to fluoroacetate during a 10-year period and in a rabbiter who was repeatedly exposed to sodium fluoroacetate (Parkin et al, 1977; Proctor et al, 1988). No other reports of chronic exposure to fluoroacetate were found.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

A milligram of pure compound is probably enough to cause severe toxicity, and less may be toxic. Extrapolation of experimental animal toxicity data to humans indicates that a dose of 2 to 10 mg/kg (140 to 700 mg for a 70-kg adult) may be fatal (Egekeze & Oehme, 1979; Baselt & Cravey, 1989).

CASE REPORTS

A death was reported after ingestion of 465 mg or more in an adult (Harrisson et al, 1952).
Prior to 1955, there were 23 cases of poisoning in humans, 17 with fatal outcomes (Brockmann et al, 1955).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

A milligram of pure compound is probably enough to cause severe toxicity, and less may be toxic.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS359-06-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS359-06-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1998 EPA, 1985
- LCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS359-06-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS359-06-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS359-06-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS359-06-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS359-06-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS359-06-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS359-06-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS359-06-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS359-06-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Fluoroacetyl Chloride
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 10

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

10
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): b

b: The calculated TPQ changed after technical review as described in a technical support document for the final rule, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS359-06-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS359-06-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS359-06-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Acetyl chloride, fluoro-

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS359-06-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 359-06-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS359-06-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS359-06-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS359-06-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS359-06-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Fluoroacetyl chloride
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 2
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 6
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 10
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS359-06-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS359-06-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

96.49 (Lewis, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Liquid (Sittig, 1991)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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FLUOROACETYL CHLORIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents