FLUOROACETAMIDE

Fluoroacetamide is a fluoro ester compound used as a rodenticide, insecticide, miticide, and aphicide. Few specific data were available specifically about the toxicity of fluoroacetamide in humans; its toxicity is predicted to be similar to that of FLUOROACETATE, with convulsions, coma, nausea, and vomiting.

In one experimental animal study, FLUOROACETAMIDE caused coma and death, but NOT convulsions. In two human poisoning cases, serious cardiac arrhythmias were noted; grand mal seizures occurred in one case.

Fluoroacetamide may be absorbed and cause systemic poisoning after ingestion or dermal contact. It is unclear whether or not fluoroacetamide can be absorbed by the inhalation route.

Fluoroacetamide is a colorless crystalline powder solid which is freely soluble in water. It is synthesized from fluoroacetyl chloride by a variety of processes. The use of fluoroacetamide is restricted to licensed pesticide applicators.
The following review discusses the toxicity and treatment of poisoning with FLUOROACETATE.

Clinical effects are usually seen within 1/2 hour of exposure. Nausea, vomiting, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, numbness, a tingling sensation, and apprehension are seen initially, and may last for up to 6 hours. Muscular twitching, blurred vision, and hypotension may develop.

Coma, convulsions, and cardiac arrhythmias may be delayed in onset for as long as 20 hours. One death due to subacute fluoroacetate poisoning has been reported.
Cardiac effects may include tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden onset of asystole.
Death may occur from respiratory depression and hypoxia during convulsions or cardiac arrest.
Neurologic sequelae and acute renal failure have been described after acute poisoning.
Metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, elevated serum levels of hepatic transaminases, and elevated serum creatinine levels may occur.

Severe poisoning with numbness and tingling of the face, excessive salivation, blurred vision, peripheral paresthesias, convulsions, and coma followed inhalation and dermal contact with fluoroacetate. Fluoroacetate can be absorbed following ingestion and inhalation, but not through intact skin.

Fluoroacetate mimics acetic acid and reacts with coenzyme A and oxaloacetic acid, forming fluorocitric acid which enters and blocks the Kreb's cycle, allowing accumulation of citric acid.

Fluoroacetamide releases toxic and irritating fumes of fluoride and oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition. Inhalation of such combustion products would be predicted to result in respiratory tract irritation with bronchospasm, chemical pneumonitis, or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

A milligram of the pure compound is probably enough to cause severe toxicity, and less may be toxic. Extrapolation of experimental animal toxicity data to humans suggests that a dose of 2 to 10 mg/kg (140 to 700 mg for a 70-kg adult) may be fatal (Egekeze & Oehme, 1979; Baselt & Cravey, 1989).

CASE REPORTS

A death was reported after ingestion of 465 mg or more in an adult (Harrisson et al, 1952).
Prior to 1955, there were 23 cases of poisoning in humans, 17 with fatal outcomes (Brockmann et al, 1955).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

A milligram of the pure compound is probably enough to cause severe toxicity, and less may be toxic.

CASE REPORTS

Two patients survived fluoroacetamide poisoning after ingesting "large amounts" (not otherwise specified) (Taitelman et al, 1983).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS640-19-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS640-19-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1996
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)CHICKEN:
- LD50- (ORAL)LABORATORY_QUAIL:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)PRIMATE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS640-19-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS640-19-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS640-19-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS640-19-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS640-19-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS640-19-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Acetamide, 2-fluoro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Fluoroacetamide
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS640-19-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS640-19-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Acetamide, 2-fluoro-
P or U series number: P057
Footnote:
Listed as: Fluoroacetamide
P or U series number: P057
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS640-19-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Fluoroacetamide
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS640-19-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS640-19-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS640-19-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Acetamide, 2-fluoro-

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS640-19-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 640-19-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS640-19-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS640-19-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS640-19-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS640-19-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Fluoroacetamide
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 1
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 3.5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 5.8
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 5.8
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS640-19-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS640-19-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

77.07 (Lewis, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Fluoroacetamide is a crystalline solid (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

sublimes (107-109 degrees C) (Hayes & Laws, 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

It is very soluble in water (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is sparingly soluble in aliphatic as well as aromatic hydrocarbons and is moderately soluble in acetone (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

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69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.

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FLUOROACETAMIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents