FLUORINE

Conversion of uranium tetrafluoride to uranium hexafluoride; oxidizer in rocket fuel systems; manufacture of various fluorides and fluorocarbons (Proctor et al, 1988; Clayton & Clayton, 1994); insecticidal sprays for fruits and vegetables; mining of phosphate rock to superphosphate to be used as fertilizer (Finkel, 1983)
Fluorine is used as one component of liquid rocket fuel and in chemical lasers. It is also used in the production of metallic and other fluorides; the production of fluorocarbons; and as an active constituent of fluoridating compounds used in drinking water, toothpastes, etc (Sax & Lewis, 1989; HSDB , 2000). It is also used as a gaseous surface treatment agent for polyethylene bottles (HSDB , 2000).

SOURCES

Fluorine is available in both gas and liquid form.
Important sources of fluorine are cryolite, fluorite, and florapatite.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Fluorine is an extremely strong tissue irritant, causing caustic irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Thermal burns or frostbite may occur. Chronic absorption can cause mottled tooth enamel, osteosclerosis, and ligament calcification.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled.
Vapors are extremely irritating.
Contact with gas or liquefied gas will cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Fluorine is severely irritating to the eyes, skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. Laryngospasm and bronchospasm followed by delayed onset of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema have been reported.

Mice exposed to sublethal concentrations developed pulmonary irritation and delayed focal necrosis of the kidneys and liver. Severe burns have been observed in exposed experimental animals (Hathaway et al, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; HSDB , 1997).

Nausea, vomiting, weight loss or decreased weight gain, and seizures have been reported in experimental animals (RTECS , 1997; HSDB , 1997).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Increased calcitonin levels and moderate functional changes of the hypophysis-thyroid gland system (not accompanied by clinical manifestations) were observed amongst workers in fluorine production (Tokar et al, 1989). Osteosclerosis, calcification of the spinal ligaments, fractures, and periarticular pain have also been noted in persons with chronic fluorine exposure (Marcelli et al, 1989; Nemeth & Zsogon, 1989).

Pustular contact dermatitis has been reported following direct contact with fluorine in an anti-rust solution (Stecink et al, 1997).

In experimental animals, repeated short-term exposures had no effects or only slight gross effects on the lungs, liver, and kidneys (ACGIH, 1991).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

DILUTION

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Keep victim under observation.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Keep victim under observation.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

Remove patient to fresh air. Support cardiovascular and respiratory function as necessary.
Ingestion is unlikely as fluorine is a gas at room temperature and pressure. Dilution with water may reduce mucosal irritation.
Monitor patient for the development of irritation, burns, bronchospasm and pulmonary edema, and electrolyte abnormalities. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

INHALATION -

The lowest published toxic concentration in man for fluorine inhalation was 25 ppm/5 minutes (HSDB , 2000).
Toxic by inhalation; strong irritant to tissue (HSDB , 2000). Fatal plasma level of fluorine is 3 milligrams/liter.

ANIMAL DATA

Uniform fatality occurred in guinea pigs, mice, rabbits, and rats in exposures ranging from 10,000 parts per million for 5 minutes to 200 parts per million for 3 hours. Cause of death was respiratory damage with pulmonary edema (Stokinger, 1982).
Seizures occurred at exposures of lesser concentrations for up to 35 days in dogs, many of which were fatal (Stokinger, 1982).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

INHALATION, OCULAR, AND DERMAL -

Repeated short-term exposures of 15 mg/m(3) were well-tolerated (Belles, 1965).
Human volunteers tolerated concentrations of 10 ppm fluorine for 15 minutes with a minimum of irritation. However, a few intermittent exposures at this same concentration were repeated at 3 to 5 minute intervals every 15 minutes for two to three hours with some slight irritation to the eyes and skin reported (ACGIH, 1986).
Intermittent exposures up to 20 mg/m(3) (approximately 10 ppm) for periods of 5 to 30 minutes in fluorine workers during a 9 year time period showed no ill effects (Lyon, 1962).
Slight eye irritation occurred at 23 ppm but could be inhaled without respiratory irritation. At 50 ppm for 5 minutes, eye and nasal irritation occurred (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
25 to 40 mg/m(m) - nasal and eye irritation (Belles, 1965).
Severe dyspnea was reported at 75 mg/m(3) (Rickey RP, 1959).
Marked irritation of eyes and nose occurred at levels between 67 to 100 ppm and became very uncomfortable after only a few seconds (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Dermal irritation occurred from skin exposure between 150 and 300 mg/m(3) (Belles, 1965).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS7782-41-4 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Fluorine
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Fluorine (soluble fluoride)
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Fluorine
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS7782-41-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 6x10(-2) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

RTECS, 2000 Budavari, 1996 Sax & Lewis, 1989:)
- LC50- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RABBIT:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS7782-41-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Fluorine

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 1 ppm
TLV-STEL: 2 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT, eye, and skin irr
Molecular Weight: 38.0

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS7782-41-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS7782-41-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Fluorine
REL:

TWA: 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 25 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS7782-41-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Fluorine
Table Z-1 for Fluorine:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 0.1

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 0.2

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS7782-41-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:1000

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS7782-41-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Fluorine
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS7782-41-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS7782-41-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Fluorine
P or U series number: P056
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS7782-41-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Fluorine
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 10

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): e

e: The TPQ was revised due to calculation error, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS7782-41-4 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Fluorine
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS7782-41-4 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS7782-41-4 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Fluorine

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1045 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Fluorine, compressed

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 2.3

2.3: Poisonous gas. See 49 CFR section 173.115 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1045
Packing Group: Not Listed
Label(s) required (if not excepted): 2.3, 5.1, 8

2.3: Poison Gas.
5.1: Oxidizer.
8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: 1

1: This material is poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter) in Hazard Zone A (see sxn. 173.116(a) or sxn. 173.133(a) of this subchapter), and must be described as an inhalation hazard under the provisions of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 302
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40, 89, 90

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".
89: Segregation same as for oxidizers.
90: Stow "separated from" radioactive materials.

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 9192 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1045 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Fluorine, compressed
UN Number: 1045

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN9192 (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS7782-41-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Breathing of vapors should be avoided (AAR, 1987).
Contact with material should be avoided (AAR, 1987).

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated location (NFPA, 1991).
Outside or detached storage is preferred (NFPA, 1991).
Isolate from all other storage (NFPA, 1991).
Protect against physical damage (HSDB , 1992).
Keep away from sources of heat and ignition (HSDB , 1992).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 7782-41-4.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.002
Notes: gas
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Natural Rubber

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Neoprene

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Nitrile

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Boss Manufacturing Company 221 W. First Street Kewanee, IL 61443 USA Phone: (309) 852-2131 Fax: (309) 852-0848 Toll-Free: (800) 447-4581 Website: http://www.bossgloves.com Email: custserv@bossgloves.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: Information from more than one emergency response guide is associated with this material.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)
- Substance does not burn but will support combustion.
- Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
- These are strong oxidizers and will react vigorously or explosively with many materials including fuels.
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Some will react violently with air, moist air and/or water.
- Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)
- Substance does not burn but will support combustion.
- This is a strong oxidizer and will react vigorously or explosively with many materials including fuels.
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
Though fluorine is nonflammable, it reacts violently with a wide range of both organic and inorganic compounds and thus is a dangerous fire and explosion risk in contact with such materials (Sax & Lewis, 1987).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS7782-41-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)

Water only; no dry chemical, CO2 or Halon®.
Contain fire and let burn. If fire must be fought, water spray or fog is recommended.
Do not get water inside containers.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or sand.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog (flooding amounts).
Do not get water inside containers.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS7782-41-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated, fluorine emits highly toxic fumes of fluorides (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Fluorine reacts with nitric acid, forming the explosive gas, fluorine nitrate, and with sulfuric acid, giving fluorosulfuric acid (Budavari, 1989).

Solid fluorine explodes when brought in contact with liquid hydrogen (Budavari, 1989).

Fluorine causes explosive or potentially explosive reactions with the following (Sax & Lewis, 1989):

Acetonitrile + chlorine
Ammonia
Carbon monoxide
Cesium fluoride + fluorocarboxylic acids
Cesium heptafluoropropoxide
Fluoride
1- or 2-Fluoriminoperfluoropropane
Graphite
Halocarbons (eg, carbon tetrachloride; chloroform; perfluorocyclobutane; iodoform; 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane)
Liquid hydrocarbons (eg, anthracene; turpentine)
Hydrogen
Hydrogen + oxygen
Hydrogen fluoride + seleninyl fluoride + heat
Ice
Nitric acid
Silver cyanide
Sodium acetate
Sodium bromate
Stainless steel
Sulfur dioxide
Water

Fluorine reacts to form explosive products with (Sax & Lewis, 1989):

Alkanes + oxygen (forms peroxides)
Cyanoguanidine
Perchloric acid (forms fluorine perchlorate gas)
Potassium chlorate (forms fluorine perchlorate gas)
Potassium hydroxide (forms potassium trioxide)

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated, fluorine emits highly toxic fumes of fluorides (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Fluorine reacts with water or steam to produce heat as well as toxic and corrosive fumes (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

Fluorine vapor causes severe irritation of the eyes and throat; it can cause eye and lung injury. The vapors cannot be tolerated even at low concentrations (CHRIS , 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Fluorine reacts vigorously with most oxidizable substances at room temperature, frequently with ignition (Budavari, 1989).

Fluorine decomposes in water, giving hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen fluoride, oxygen fluoride, OF2, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and ozone (Budavari, 1989).

Fluorine reacts violently with organic compounds, usually with disintegration of the molecule. Under controlled conditions, however, hydrocarbon vapors may be fluorinated with elemental fluorine (Budavari, 1989).

Fluorine ignites or forms a violent reaction on contact with the following (Sax & Lewis, 1989):

Acetylene
Ceramic materials
Covalent halides (eg, chromyl chloride; phosphorus pentachloride; phosphorus trichloride; phosphorus trifluoride; boron trichloride; silicon tetrachloride)
Dicyanogen
Gaseous hydrocarbons (eg, town gas, methane, benzene)
Halogens (eg, bromine; iodine; chlorine + spark or heating to 100 degrees C)
Hydrogen halide gases or concentrated solutions (eg, hydrogen bromide; hydrogen chloride; hydrogen iodide; hydrogen fluoride)
Metal acetylides and carbides (eg, monocesium acetylide; cesium acetylide; lithium acetylide; rubidium acetylide; tungsten carbide; ditungsten carbide; zirconium dicarbide; uranium dicarbide)
Metal cyano complexes (eg, potassium hexacyanoferrate(II); lead hexacyanoferrate(III); potassium hexacyanoferrate(III))
Metal hydrides (eg, copper hydride; potassium hydride; sodium hydride)
Metal iodides (eg, lead iodide; calcium iodide; mercury iodide; potassium iodide)
Metals
Metal salts
Metal silicides (eg, calcium disilicide; lithium hexasilicide)
Nickel(IV) oxide
Non-metals (eg, boron, yellow or red phosphorus; selenium; tellurium; silicon; carbon; charcoal; sulfur)
Oxygenated organic compounds (eg, methanol, ethanol; 3-methyl butanol; acetaldehyde; trichloroacetaldehyde; acetone; lactic acid; benzoic acid; salicylic acid; ethyl acetate; methyl borate)
Non-metal oxides (eg, arsenic trioxide; nitrogen oxide; dinitrogen tetroxide)
Oxygen + polymers (eg, phenol-formaldehyde resins (bakelite); polyacrylonitrile-butadiene (Buna N))
Polyamides (nylons)
Polychloropene (neoprene)
Polyethylene
Polytrifluoopropylmethylsiloxane
Polyvinylchloride-vinyl acetate (Tygon)
Polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (Viton)
Polyurethane foam
Polymethyl methacrylate (Perspex)
Polytetrafluooethylene (Teflon)
Sulfides (eg, antimony trisulfide; carbon disulfide vapor; chromium (II) sulfide; hydrogen sulfide; barium sulfide; potassium sulfide; zinc sulfide; molybdenum sulfide)
Xenon + catalysts (eg, nickel fluoride; silver difluoride; nickel(III) oxide; silver(I) oxide)

Fluorine forms an incandescent reaction with (Sax & Lewis, 1989):

Boron nitride
Hexalithium disilicide + heat
Metal borides
Metal oxides (eg, nickel(II) oxide; alkali metal oxides; alkaline earth oxides)
Nitrogenous bases (eg, aniline; dimethylamine; pyridine)
Gallic acid

Fluorine is incompatible with (Sax & Lewis, 1989):

Alkali metals
Alkaline earths
Cesium heptafluoro propoxide
Cyanoguanidine
H-containing molecules
Halocarbons
Hexalithium disilicide
Hydrogen sulfide
Most organic matter
Oxides of S, N, P
Oxygen
Seleninyl fluoride
Sodium acetate
Sodium bromate
Sodium dicyanamides

Fluorine reacts violently with (Sax & Lewis, 1989):

Al
As
CCl4
CS2
ClO2
Cr(OCl)2
KNO3
(PbO + glycerol)
Sn
Sb
Tl
Alkenes
Alkyl benzenes
Coke
Cyanamide
Cyanides
Halogen acids
Hydrazine
Liquid air
Natural gas
Perfluoropropionyl fluoride
Polyvinyl chloride acetate
Silicides
Silicates
Trinitromethane

Also see Explosion Hazard Section.

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1045 - Fluorine

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.2 kilometers (0.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.5 kilometers (0.3 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 90 meters (300 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.8 kilometers (0.5 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles).

DOT ID No. 1045 - Fluorine, compressed

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.2 kilometers (0.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.5 kilometers (0.3 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 90 meters (300 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.8 kilometers (0.5 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles).

DOT ID No. 9192 - Fluorine, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid)

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.2 kilometers (0.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.5 kilometers (0.3 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 90 meters (300 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.8 kilometers (0.5 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS7782-41-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Fluorine
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): 0.5
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 5
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 20
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS7782-41-4 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Fluorine
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.1
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 1.7
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 5
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 13
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS7782-41-4 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Fluorine
Final Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Fluorine
Final Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 20 ppm
mg/m3: 31 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 11 ppm
mg/m3: 17 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 5 ppm
mg/m3: 7.8 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 2.3 ppm
mg/m3: 3.6 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 2.3 ppm
mg/m3: 3.6 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Fluorine
Final Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 36 ppm
mg/m3: 56 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 19 ppm
mg/m3: 29 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 13 ppm
mg/m3: 20 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 5.7 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 5.7 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

Listed as: Fluorine
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 1.7 ppm
mg/m3: 2.6 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Fluorine
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 20 ppm
mg/m3: 31 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 11 ppm
mg/m3: 17 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 5 ppm
mg/m3: 7.8 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 2.3 ppm
mg/m3: 3.6 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 2.3 ppm
mg/m3: 3.6 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Fluorine
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 36 ppm
mg/m3: 56 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 19 ppm
mg/m3: 29 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 13 ppm
mg/m3: 20 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 5.7 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 5.7 ppm
mg/m3: 8.8 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS7782-41-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 25 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
- If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
- Ventilate the area.
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- If you have not donned special protective clothing approved for this material, do not expose yourself to any risk of this material touching you.
- Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
- A fine water spray remotely directed to the edge of the spill pool can be used to direct and maintain a hot flare fire that will burn the spilled material in a controlled manner.
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
- Ventilate the area.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 124 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 167 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
- Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids.
At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1992).
Fluorine is a poor candidate for incineration via fluidized bed, rotary kiln, or liquid injection techniques (HSDB , 1992).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Fluorine is emitted to the atmosphere from industries producing aluminum, super phosphate fertilizer, glass, ceramics, fluorspar, bricks, beryllium and antimony, and from power stations using brown coal for energy production (HSDB , 1992).

The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) - Fourier transform spectrometer onboard spacelab 3 was used to evaluate the total budgets for the odd chlorine and fluorine chemical families in the stratosphere in 1985. Fluorine showed a slight, but steady, decrease in its mixing volume with increased altitude and a mean value of 1.15 +/- 0.12 ppbv (Zander et al, 1992).

The speciation and mobility of fluorine were investigated in soils contaminated over a 50 year period by an aluminum smelter. The results indicated contamination risk for the food chain. Groundwater is low in slightly acid soils, and increases under more acidic and alkaline conditions (Wenzel & Blum, 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- Fluorine decomposes in water, giving hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen fluoride, oxygen fluoride, OF2, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and ozone (Budavari, 1989).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

TLm, trout, 2.3 ppm (time period not specified), fresh water (CHRIS , 1992)

This study was done to determine the effects on grain crops of airborne fluorides. The study was completed in the southeast part of the Ukraine. In areas near industrial fluoride emission sources, the yield of wheat and barley dropped by 60% and their quality was deteriorated. The fluoride accumulation was found to be linear with dose (Gritsan, 1992).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

F1 = 18.998; atomic weight for elemental state is F2 = 37.99 (CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

This compound exists as a pale yellow to light green, strong, pungent, irritating smelling gas (ITI, 1988) Fire Protection Guide, 1978; (HSDB , 2000).

It is a reactive diatomic gas (Budavari, 1996).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

1 mmHg (at -223.0 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

10 mmHg (at -214.1 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 1.5127 g/mL (at -188.13 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
LIQUID: 1.108 g/mL (at -188.13 degrees C) (Sax & Lewis, 1989)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

GAS: 1.695 g/cm(3) (air = 1.29) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-219.61 degrees C (HSDB , 2000)

BOILING POINT

-188.13 degrees C (HSDB , 2000)

FLASH POINT

No information found at the time of this review.

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

- No information found at the time of this review.

UPPER

- No information found at the time of this review.

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Fluorine decomposes in water, giving hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen fluoride, oxygen fluoride, OF2, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, and ozone (Budavari, 1996).

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.035 ppm (CHRIS , 2002)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

55 atm

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

-129 degrees C

HEAT OF FUSION

244 cal/g (CHRIS , 1990)

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FLUORINE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents