ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER ACETATE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

DESIGNATIONS

BEILSTEIN HANDBOOK REFERENCE:4-02-00-00215
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NUMBER:1756960
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL TRADE CLASSIFICATION NUMBER:51616

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C8-H16-O3

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

152-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(CHRIS, 2004; EPA, 2005; HSDB, 2004; NIOSH, 2004; RTECS, 2004; Bingham et al, 2001)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate is used as a coalescing agent in latex paints, and as a solvent in lacquers and resins, as well as some inks and spot-remover products (Ashford, 2001; Bingham et al, 2001).
It has been used to improve the flow properties in stoving enamels (HSDB, 2004).

FORMS

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate is a colorless liquid that possesses a sweet, fruity odor (HSDB, 2004; Bingham et al, 2001).
It is shipped in grades of 98+% purity (CHRIS, 2004).

SOURCES

SOURCES OF EXPOSURE

OCCUPATIONAL

The use of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate as a solvent can result in occupational exposure to the chemical via inhalation and/or skin contact (HSDB, 2004).

GENERAL POPULATION

People may be exposed to ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate or its vapors through contact with or use of a variety of commercial products containing this chemical (HSDB, 2004).

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate is produced through ester formation using ethylene glycol monobuty ether and acetic acid (Ashford, 2001).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) is rapidly and quantitatively metabolized to ETHYLENE GLYCOL BUTYL ETHER (EGBE); therefore its systemic toxicity is thought to be similar to EGBE (Bingham et al, 2001)
Based on limited case reports of either intentional or accidental human oral exposure to EGBE, metabolic acidosis, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and CNS depression (coma in one case) have been reported. Hemolysis and hematuria were evident in mixed ingestions of EGBE and other solvents (EPA, 1999).
Based on in vitro studies, EGBE is considered a potent hemopoietic toxin. The authors concluded that the effects could be severe if long-term chronic exposure occurred. However, this study could not adequately address the risk of malignancy and aplasia of the bone marrow after long-term exposure, and further study was suggested (Ruchaud et al, 1992).

ANIMAL STUDIES

Following acute exposure, experimental animals became moderately toxic after receiving large oral doses (near-lethal doses) of EGBEA. Hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and hypertrophic kidneys were observed in rats following oral EGBEA exposure (Truhaut et al, 1979).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

Following occupational exposure to low levels of EGBE via inhalation, hematologic, hepatic and renal parameters were similar in both the exposed and control workers. No adverse effects were observed (EPA, 1999).

ANIMAL STUDIES

ORAL - Ingestion by rats resulted in severe hematuria, which subsided after approximately one week (Truhaut et al, 1979).
INHALATION - Rats and rabbits exposed to 400 ppm of EGBEA for 4 hours/day, 5 days/week for 1 month (or 100 ppm for 10 months) developed hemoglobinuria and/or hematuria approximately two weeks after exposure. Kidney damage was evident in two rats that died, however, no obvious pathology was reported in the rabbits or rats that survived (Truhaut et al, 1979).
Of those animals that died following exposure to 100 ppm daily for 10 months, kidney injury consisting of necrotizing hemorrhage, interstitial tubular nephrosis, nolithhiasic, with occasional glomerular lesions were evident(Truhaut et al, 1979).
DERMAL - Skin contact resulted in hematuria and/or hemolysis and a decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin in exposed rabbits (HSDB, 2004).

REPRODUCTIVE

Based on oral and inhalation studies in laboratory animals (rats, mice and rabbits), EGBE is not significantly toxic to the reproductive organs of males or females (parents) nor the developing fetus. Teratogenicity was not reported (EPA, 1999).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED

EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. . Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, CNS, hematopoietic system, blood, kidneys, liver, lymphoid system (NIOSH, 2004; OSHA, 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Based on available human toxicity data, acute oral ingestions of large doses of EGBE combined with other solvents can produce hematologic changes and metabolic acidosis. However, occupational exposure of low levels of EGBE did not cause alterations in hepatic, renal or hematologic parameters. Because of the potential for CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

HUMAN

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

HUMAN

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL STUDIES

Rats and mice survived a 4-hour inhalation exposure to saturated atmosphere of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (approximately 400 ppm), and exhibited no signs of toxicity. Rabbits exposed to this same concentration showed transient hemoglobinuria and/or hematuria, but no gross pathological lesions were found at necropsy 2 weeks later (Bingham et al, 2001).
Daily exposure to 100 ppm ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate for 10 months did not produce observable adverse effects in rats or rabbits (Bingham et al, 2001).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS112-07-2 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: 2-Butoxyethyl acetate (EGBEA)

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: 2-Butoxyethanol acetate
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS112-07-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- 3200 mg/kg (RTECS, 2004)
LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- 1500 mg/kg -- hematuria; changes in urine composition; normocytic anemia (RTECS, 2004)
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- 2400 mg/kg -- hematuria; changes in urine composition (RTECS, 2004)
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- female, 2400 mg/kg (HSDB, 2004)
- male, 3000 mg/kg (HSDB, 2004)
LDLo- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- 5 mL/kg (RTECS, 2004)
TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- 4060 mg/kg for 2W - continuous -- changes in urine composition; unspecified changes to kidney, ureter, bladder; biochemical changes: dehydrogenases (RTECS, 2004)

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 ppm = 6.55 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH, 2004)
1 ppm = 6.54 mg/m(3); 1 mg/L = 157 ppm (at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg) (HSDB, 2004)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS112-07-2 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

2-Butoxyethyl acetate (EGBEA)

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 20 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Hemolysis
Molecular Weight: 160.2

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS112-07-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS112-07-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: 2-Butoxyethanol acetate
REL:

TWA: 5 ppm (33 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS112-07-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS112-07-2 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS112-07-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS112-07-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS112-07-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS112-07-2 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS112-07-2 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS112-07-2 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS112-07-2 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, acetate

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS112-07-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 1

(1) Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care.

Flammability Rating (Red): 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Wear adequate chemical protective clothing and equipment to protect against dermal and eye contact, inhalation, and ingestion of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate liquid and vapors (NIOSH, 2004).

Wear rubber gloves when working with ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (CHRIS, 2004).

Avoid inhalation of vapors by using adequate respiratory protection(CHRIS, 2004; NIOSH, 2004).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate containers separately from strong oxidants and other reactive chemicals. Ventilate storage area at floor level (ILO ICSC, 2003).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate is reactive with strong acids, perchloric acid, oxidizers, and nitrates (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Prevent eye and skin contact with liquid ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate through use of appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment, including gloves, goggles, and face shield. Minimize inhalation of its vapors through use of adequate respiratory protection. Immediately remove any clothing that becomes wet or contaminated with this compound due to its flammability hazard(CHRIS, 2004; NIOSH, 2004).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Wear chemical-protective goggles or face shield when working with or around ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (CHRIS, 2004).

Do not wear contact lenses when working with this chemical (NIOSH, 2004).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Avoid inhalation of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate vapors (CHRIS, 2004).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 112-07-2.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Natural Rubber

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 723

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene 6780 Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultraflex Neoprene 32

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene+NatR

Best Manufacturing

Chem Master CHM

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitrile

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 8005

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitri-Solve 727

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Marigold Industrial

315F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

326Y

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

368R

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CO7B

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 17
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 100 to 1000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CR30

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

G12T

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

ME104

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

U263B/G

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:173 / CAN:459

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:414 / CAN:454

Degradation Rating:
Breakthrough Time (minutes):
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min):
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Nitrile+Neoprene+Natural Rubber

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

TRIonic 521

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 35
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 538.2
Notes: 0.85
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic 522

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 35
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 538.2
Notes: 0.85
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-194

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 35
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 538.2
Notes: 85%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-194BPK

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 35
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 538.2
Notes: 85%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-204

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 35
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 538.2
Notes: 0.85
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic O-240

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 35
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 538.2
Notes: 85%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Nitrile+PVC

Best Manufacturing

Hustler 725R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
Marigold Industrial 3585 Engineering Drive Suite 200 Box 926090 Norcross, GA 30092 USA Phone: (800) 733-0987 Fax: (800) 786-4564 Toll-Free: (800) 733-0987 Website: http://www.marigoldindustrial.com
Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC 85 Innsbruck Dr. Buffalo, NY 14227 USA Phone: (800) 245-6837 Fax: (716) 668-3224 Toll-Free: (800) 245-6837 Website: http://www.perfectfitglove.com Email: perfectfitglove@perfectfitglove.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

OTHER

INDUSTRIAL DECONTAMINATION

If ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate contacts the skin, promptly wash the the affected area(s) with water or soap and water. Seek medical attention (CHRIS, 2004; NIOSH, 2004).
If this chemical contacts the eyes, hold eyelids open, occasionally lifting and lowering upper and lower lids, and flush eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention right away (CHRIS, 2004; NIOSH, 2004).
In case of ingestion, seek medical attention immediately (CHRIS, 2004; NIOSH, 2004).
Immediately remove any clothing that becomes contaminated with ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate due to its flammability hazard (NIOSH, 2004).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) may become flammable if exposed to strong oxidants, heat, or flames. EGBEA may form explosive peroxides like other ethers (ILO ICSC, 2003; ILO, 1998).
EGBEA can react vigorously with strong oxidizers creating both fire and explosion hazards (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 2000).
Store containers away from strong oxidants or bases, potential ignition sources, and flames (ILO ICSC, 2003).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS112-07-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate
Flammability Rating: 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

Exposure of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) to strong oxidants, heat, or flames can create both fire and explosion hazards (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 2000).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS112-07-2 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate
Extinguishing Method(s): 5

5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.

Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to extinguish fire. Water may be ineffective for extinguishing fires. Water spray may be used to cool material below flash point. Normal fire-fighting methods may be used (CHRIS, 2004; ILO ICSC, 2003).

Wear breathing protection and up-to-date protective clothing (gas tight eye protection, gas tight respiratory equipment /self contained breathing apparatus, rubber gloves). Prevent exposure to liquid or vapor via inhalation, skin or eye dermal contact, or ingestion (CHRIS, 2004; ILO ICSC, 2003; NIOSH, 2004).

Remove any contaminated work clothing due to flammability hazard. Wash skin and flush eyes with water if exposure occurs (CHRIS, 2004; ILO ICSC, 2003; NIOSH, 2004).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) gives off acrid smoke and irritating fumes that are moderately toxic if inhaled (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH, 2004).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) poses a potential explosion hazard when exposed to strong oxidants, nitrates, perchloric acid, and strong acids. It may also form explosive peroxides (ILO ICSC, 2003; ILO, 1998; Pohanish & Greene, 1997a).

Store containers away from strong oxidants or bases and potential ignition sources and flames (ILO ICSC, 2003).

Explosive vapor/air mixtures may develop at temperatures above 71 degrees C (160 degrees F),(ILO ICSC, 2003; ILO, 1998; NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish & Greene, 1997a).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes that are moderately hazardous to human health (Lewis, 2000; NIOSH, 2004).

EGBEA is a combustible liquid that can become flammable when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers (CHRIS, 2004; Lewis, 2001).

EGBEA vapor mixes well with air. Explosive vapor/air mixtures may develop at temperatures above 71 degrees C (160 degrees F) (ILO ICSC, 2003; ILO, 1998; NIOSH, 2004; Pohanish & Greene, 1997a).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) reacts vigorously with strong oxidizers and strong bases and may form explosive peroxides like other ethers (ILO ICSC, 2003; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997a).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) poses a fire and explosion hazard. It is moderately toxic when inhaled, absorbed through dermal contact with skin or eyes, or ingested. Evacuate all unnecessary people upwind from the spill area (CHRIS, 2004; ILO ICSC, 2003; NFPA, 2002a).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS112-07-2 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS112-07-2 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Butoxyethanol acetate, 2-; (Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 20
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 60
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 100
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 150
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS112-07-2 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS112-07-2 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Avoid direct contact or inhalation of spilled ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA). Ventilate to prevent mist generation. Remove all ignition sources from the area. Prevent spills from entering sewers or water intakes (ILO ICSC, 2003; NFPA, 2002a).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Ventilate the area. Collect spilled ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) liquid in sealable containers. Use sand or inert absorbent to cleanup remaining liquid (ILO ICSC, 2003).
Wear appropriate protective clothing and respiratory equipment to avoid breathing vapors and any direct contact of chemical vapor or liquid with eyes or skin (CHRIS, 2004; ILO ICSC, 2003).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Prior to distillation, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) should be checked for the presence of peroxides. If found, peroxides should be removed using appropriate safety precautions (ILO ICSC, 2003).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) is used as a solvent in the manufacturing of paints, epoxy resins, printing inks, and nitrocellulose lacquers. It is also used as a coalescing agent in polyvinyl acetate latex paint production. Exposure to EGBEA may occur during its production or use in chemical manufacturing or its presence in industrial waste streams. Vapor inhalation and dermal contact are the principal potential exposure routes for the occupational and general populations (HSDB, 2004; Howard, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA), which has a measured vapor pressure of 0.375 mm HG at 25 degrees C, likely exists in the atmosphere solely in its vapor phase followed by degradation through reaction with hydroxyl radicals (OH) (HSDB, 2004).
Wet deposition may physically remove EGBEA from the atmosphere since the compound is relatively soluble in water (Howard, 1993).
The estimated rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of EGBEA with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 2.1 x 10(-11) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 25 degrees C (HSDB, 2004).
- The corresponding half-life is approximately 18 hours, given an atmospheric concentration of 5 x 10 (5) hydroxyl radicals per cm(3)(HSDB, 2004; Howard, 1993).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- When released into water, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) readily biodegrades or volatilizes from water surfaces. EGBEA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids or sediments, given estimated organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc) values of 22 (HSDB, 2004), and 26 (Howard, 1993).
- Estimated volatilization half-lives for EGBEA are 9 and 70 days, respectively, according to study results on a model river (1 m deep, 1 m/s flow rate, 3 m/s wind velocity ) and model lake (1 m deep, 0.05 m/s flow rate, 0.5 m/s wind velocity) (HSDB, 2004).
GROUND WATER
- Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) may potentially leach from soil given its high mobility and ready leachability in soil (Howard, 1993).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Biodegradation is the primary removal process in soil. Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) has very high mobility in soil, and it may readily leach through soil, given estimated Koc values of 22 (calculated using a regression equation and water solubility of 15,000 mg/L) (HSDB, 2004), and 26 (Howard, 1993).
- EGBEA will likely volatilize from moist soil, given a Henry's Law Constant of 5.3 x 10(-6) atm/m(3)/mole (calculated from empirical values for vapor pressure and water solubility). Based on a vapor pressure of 0.375 mm HG, volatilization from dry soil surfaces is environmentally unimportant (HSDB, 2004).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) has very high mobility in soil. EGBEA readily biodegrades in soil and water; volatilization from moist soil surfaces and water may also occur. EGBEA is not expected to adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate in water. The vapor phase photooxidizes or degrades by reaction with hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere (HSDB, 2004; Howard, 1993).

BIODEGRADATION

Results obtained using the Zahn-Wellens biodegradation screening method indicate ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) can nearly completely biodegrade in soil and water (total degradation > 90%). Test results showed a measured biodegradation rate of 12% per day and no perceptible lag period prior to degradation onset (HSDB, 2004; Howard, 1993).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

A bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 3 for ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) suggests a low potential to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms (HSDB, 2004; Howard, 1993).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EGBEA) has an estimated bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 3 (calculated from a regression equation and a measured water solubility of 15,000 mg/L). This low BCF value indicates a low bioconcentration potential (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES

MICROORGANISMS

EC10 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas putida): 720 mg/L for 17H(Verschueren, 2001)
EC50 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas putida): 960 mg/L for 17H(Verschueren, 2001)
EC90 - BACTERIA (Pseudomonas putida): 1,200 mg/L for 17H(Verschueren, 2001)

ALGAE

EC50 - FRESHWATER ALGAE (Scenedesmus subspicatus): >500 mg/L for 72H(LOLI, 2004; Verschueren, 2001)

INVERTEBRATES

EC0 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 10 mg/L for 48H(Verschueren, 2001)
EC0 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 58 mg/L for 24H(Verschueren, 2001)
EC50 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 37 mg/L for 48H(LOLI, 2004; Verschueren, 2001)
EC50 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 150 mg/L for 24H(Verschueren, 2001)
EC100 - WATER FLEA (Daphnia magna): 320 mg/L for 24H and 48H (Verschueren, 2001)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

160.21

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate is a colorless liquid (CHRIS, 2004; NIOSH, 2004; Lewis, 2001; Verschueren, 2001).

It has a pleasant, sweet, fruity odor (CHRIS, 2004; NIOSH, 2004; Verschueren, 2001).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0.3 mmHg (NIOSH, 2004)

0.375 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2004)

0.9 mmHg (NFPA, 2002)

0.4 hPa (at 20 degrees C); 1.4 hPa (at 40 degrees C) (Verschueren, 2001)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.94 (at 20/20 degrees C) (Verschueren, 2001)
0.942 (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS, 2004)
0.9422 (at 20/20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2004)
0.9424 (at 20/20 degrees C) (Lewis, 2001)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.9 (NFPA, 2002)

DENSITY

RELATIVE VAPOR DENSITY

5.5 (HSDB, 2004)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

209.7 K; -63.5 degrees C; -82.3 degrees F (CHRIS, 2004)
-82 degrees F (NIOSH, 2004)
-63.5 degrees C (Lewis, 2001)

MELTING POINT

-63.5 degrees C (HSDB, 2004)
-64 degrees C (Verschueren, 2001)

BOILING POINT

465.4 K; 192.2 degrees C; 378.0 degrees F (CHRIS, 2004)

378 degrees F (NIOSH, 2004)

192.3 degrees C (Lewis, 2001)

192 degrees C; 377 degrees F (NFPA, 2002)

184-195 degrees C (at 1,013 hPa) (Verschueren, 2001)

FLASH POINT

190 degrees F (open cup); 160 degrees F (closed cup) (CHRIS, 2004)

71 degrees C; 160 degrees F (closed cup) (HSDB, 2004)

71 degrees C; 160 degrees F (NFPA, 2002)

87.7 degrees C; 190 degrees F (Lewis, 2001)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

340 degrees C; 645 degrees F (NFPA, 2002)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

0.88% (at 275 degrees F) (NIOSH, 2004)
0.88% (at 93 degrees C; 200 degrees F) (NFPA, 2002)
0.9% (CHRIS, 2004; NFPA, 2002)

UPPER

8.5% (CHRIS, 2004; NFPA, 2002)
8.54% (at 135 degrees C; 275 degrees F) (NFPA, 2002)
8.54% (at 200 degrees F) (NIOSH, 2004)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

1.5% (NIOSH, 2004)
1.5x10(4) mg/l (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2004; Verschueren, 2001)
Insoluble (NFPA, 2002; Lewis, 2001)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Soluble in hydrocarbons and organic solvents (Lewis, 2001)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log P = 1.51 (Verschueren, 2001)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.10 ppm (abs. perc. limit) (Verschueren, 2001)
50% Recognition: 0.35 ppm; 100% Recognition: 0.48 ppm (Verschueren, 2001)

ORGANIC CARBON PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Koc = 22 (HSDB, 2004)

SURFACE TENSION

0.026 N/m; 26 dynes/cm (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (CHRIS, 2004)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

Not pertinent (CHRIS, 2004)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

Not pertinent (CHRIS, 2004)

HEAT OF COMBUSTION

-320x10(5) J/kg; -7,700 cal/g; 14,000 Btu/lb (estimated) (CHRIS, 2004)

HEAT OF VAPORIZATION

2.7x10(5) J/kg; 65 cal/g; 120 Btu/lb (CHRIS, 2004)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4200 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB, 2004)

LIQUID WATER INTERFACIAL TENSION

Not pertinent (CHRIS, 2004)

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ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER ACETATE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents