ETHYL BUTYL KETONE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C7-H14-O

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

127-FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR / WATER-MISCIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(RTECS, 1995;(Lewis, 1992)ACGIH, 1991

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Ethyl butyl ketone is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose and polyvinyl resins, paints, and for baked-on or air-dried finish mixtures; as a synthetic resin; and as an intermediate (Lewis, 1993) ITI, 1988).
It is also used as a synthetic flavoring ingredient (HSDB , 1995).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Ethyl butyl ketone is a mild to moderate irritant of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may cause dermatitis, but did not result in skin sensitization in human volunteers.

Ethyl butyl ketone exposure can cause headache and central nervous system depression leading to coma.

With very large gavage doses for 14 weeks, ethyl butyl ketone caused peripheral neuropathies (central-peripheral distal axonopathies) in rats. This effect has not been seen in exposed humans.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Flush the contaminated skin with water. Where there is evidence of skin irritation, get medical attention.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
INGESTION EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, and central nervous system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Ingestion may result in significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns, and EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

INGESTION EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, Do not induce emesis.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

One reference states that the lowest published lethal concentration of ethyl butyl ketone for rats (inhalation route) is 2000 ppm/4 hours (RTECS, 1995). Other references state that no rats died during 4-hour exposures of rats to 2000 ppm, while all rats died at 4-hour exposures to 4000 ppm (ACGIH, 1991; (Hathaway et al, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1982).
A single, 6-hour exposure to 5800 ppm ethyl butyl ketone killed all three rats exposed. Six-hour exposures to 420 and 3000 ppm did not produce death (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).
The LD50 for penetration of rabbit skin was greater than 20 mL/kg (Hathaway et al, 1991).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

HUMAN - Ethyl butyl ketone (4% in petrolatum) produced no irritation to human skin after 48 hours under an occlusive patch. The same concentration used in maximization tests on 25 volunteers failed to produce sensitization (ACGIH, 1991; (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

ANIMAL DATA

Rats given 1% ethyl butyl ketone in drinking water for 120 days showed no signs of neurotoxicity. Exposure of rats at 700 ppm, 72 hours/week for 24 weeks was also without neurotoxic effect (ACGIH, 1991).
Extremely large gavage doses of ethyl butyl ketone, 2 g/kg/day, 5 days/week for 16 weeks were required to produce signs of neurotoxicity. Two of two rats had hind limb weakness and tail drag (ACGIH, 1991).
Dropped into rabbit eyes or applied to skin, the liquid has caused mild irritation (Hathaway et al, 1991).
Rats and guinea pigs survived 6-hour daily exposures to 400 to 500 ppm for 10 days.
Rats survived single, 6-hour exposures to 420 and 3000 ppm (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS106-35-4 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Ethyl butyl ketone
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Ethyl butyl ketone
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS106-35-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1994
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS106-35-4 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Ethyl butyl ketone

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 50 ppm
TLV-STEL: 75 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): CNS impair; eye and skin irr
Molecular Weight: 114.19

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS106-35-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS106-35-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Ethyl butyl ketone
REL:

TWA: 50 ppm (230 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 1000 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS106-35-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Ethyl butyl ketone (3-Heptanone)
Table Z-1 for Ethyl butyl ketone (3-Heptanone):

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 50

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 230

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS106-35-4 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS106-35-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS106-35-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS106-35-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS106-35-4 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS106-35-4 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS106-35-4 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS106-35-4 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 3-Heptanone

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS106-35-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethyl Butyl Ketone
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 2

(2) Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.

Flammability Rating (Red): 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Before heat is applied for the purpose of welding or cutting a vessel that has contained ketones, including ethyl butyl ketone, the vessel should be emptied and purged to remove every trace of flammable material (HSDB, 1994).

STORAGE

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Open lights or other agents liable to ignite the vapor should be excluded from those areas where ketone liquids are being stored or used (HSDB, 1994).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Use of appropriate protective equipment and good industrial hygiene practices should preclude injury to the skin and eyes. The low volatility of ethyl butyl ketone should prevent injury due to inhalation of the vapors (HSDB , 1995).

Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced (NIOSH, 1995).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 106-35-4.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Ethyl butyl ketone is a combustible liquid (Lewis, 1992). It is a moderate fire hazard (ACGIH, 1991).
The problem of flammability for ethyl butyl ketone should not be significant unless it is handled at elevated temperatures(HSDB, 2004) .

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS106-35-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethyl Butyl Ketone
Flammability Rating: 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

INITIATING OR CONTRIBUTING PROPERTIES

Ethyl butyl ketone can react with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1992).

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS106-35-4 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethyl Butyl Ketone
Extinguishing Method(s): Not Listed

To fight fire, use foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical (Lewis, 1992).

Use water to keep fire-exposed containers cool. If leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse vapors and to provide protection for personnel attempting to stop the leak or spill. Water spray may be used to flush spills away from exposures (HSDB, 2004).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Ethyl butyl ketone should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of explosion(HSDB, 2004).

Ethyl butyl ketone is incompatible and highly reactive with oxidizers, acetaldehyde, and perchloric acid (HSDB, 2004).
The condensation reaction of acetaldehyde with ketones can be violent (HSDB, 2004).
Ketones undergo violent decomposition in contact with 68 to 72% perchloric acid (HSDB, 1994).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Ethyl butyl ketone can react with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1992).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS106-35-4 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS106-35-4 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Ethyl butyl ketone (3-Heptanone)
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 50
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 75
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 200
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 1,000
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS106-35-4 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS106-35-4 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 1000 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 127 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

BIOREMEDIATION

A 3.7 percent theoretical biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was observed for ethyl butyl ketone (initial concentration of 500 ppm) in a Warburg respirometer after 1 day of incubation with activated sludge inocula at 20 degrees C (HSDB, 2004).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Large quantities can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device(HSDB, 2004) .
Ethyl butyl ketone may also be disposed of by absorbing in vermiculite, dry sand, or earth, and disposing in a secured sanitary landfill (HSDB, 2004).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Ethyl butyl ketone is released in emissions from forests and diesel engines. It may be released to the environment in effluents from waste treatment facilities and textile finishing plants. It is a volatile constituent of beef flavor (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

If released to the atmosphere, ethyl butyl ketone is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase. Vapor phase ethyl butyl ketone is expected to readily degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 2 days (HSDB, 2004).
The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of ethyl butyl ketone with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals can be estimated from a structure activity relationship to be 8.1 x 10(-12) cm(3)/molecule-sec at 25 degrees C, which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5 x 10(+5) hydroxyl radicals per cm(3). Heptanones are generally resistant to hydrolysis and, therefore, ethyl butyl ketone (3-heptanone) would not be expected to hydrolyze in the environment (HSDB, 2004).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Volatilization half-lives of 13 hours and 7 days have been estimated for a model river (1 meter deep) and a model lake (1 meter deep), respectively. Estimated Koc values of 44 and 25 and a BCF of 6 suggest that adsorption to sediment and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be important. Hydrolysis in water is not likely to be important due to a lack of hydrolyzable groups. Insufficient data are available to fully assess the importance of biodegradation in water (HSDB, 2004).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Estimated Koc values of 44 and 25 indicate high mobility in soil and low adsorption potential for ethyl butyl ketone. An experimental vapor pressure of 2.6 mmHg at 20 degrees C suggests that volatilization from dry soil surfaces may be important. Insufficient data are available to fully assess the importance of biodegradation in soil (HSDB, 2004).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Ethyl butyl ketone vapor reacts with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere. Hydrolysis is not expected in the environment. High mobility in soil and low adsorption potential to soil or sediment are likely, based on the organic carbon partition coefficients (Koc's) of 44 and 25. It will volatilize from water and possibly from dry soil surfaces, based on an experimental vapor pressure of 2.6 mmHg at 20 degrees C (HSDB, 2004).

BIODEGRADATION

One screening study suggested that biodegradation in soil and water may be slow; however, the initial concentration of ethyl butyl ketone was high and may have been toxic to microorganisms. Insufficient data are available to fully assess the importance of biodegradation in soil and water (HSDB, 2004).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Based on an experimental water solubility of 4300 at 20 degrees C and a recommended regression derived equation, the BCF for ethyl butyl ketone can be estimated to be about 6. This BCF value indicates that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be an important fate process (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

114.21 (Lewis, 1992; RTECS , 1994)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Ethyl butyl ketone is a clear, colorless, mobile, flammable liquid with a fatty or strong fruity odor and a melon or banana flavor (Lewis, 1992) ACGIH, 1991; (Clayton & Clayton, 1982) HSDB, 1994).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

1.4 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

2.6 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (experimental) (HSDB, 1994)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 0.8198 (at 20/20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1992)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-36.7 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)

BOILING POINT

148 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)

FLASH POINT

46.11 degrees C; 115 degrees F (open cup) (Lewis, 1992) ACGIH, 1991)

37 degrees C; 98.6 degrees F (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1991)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

1.4% (ACGIH, 1991)

UPPER

8.8% (ACGIH, 1991)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Ethyl butyl ketone is insoluble in water (ACGIH, 1991).
It is miscible with water at 149 degrees C (Lewis, 1992).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Ethyl butyl ketone is miscible with alcohol and ether degrees C (Lewis, 1992).
Other references state that ethyl butyl ketone is soluble in alcohol (ACGIH, 1991; (Lewis, 1993) and other organic solvents (ACGIH, 1991).

HENRY'S CONSTANT

9.1x10(-5) atm-m(3)/mol (at 20 degrees C) (estimated) (HSDB, 1994)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

290 (HSDB, 1994)

548 (HSDB, 1994)

MASS

404 (HSDB, 1994)

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ETHYL BUTYL KETONE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents