ETHANOLAMINE

Ethanolamine is an alkanolamine compound with wide industrial use (Clayton & Clayton, 1982): for purification of natural gas and other gases through removal of acidic compounds such as carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991; Verschueren, 2001); a corrosion inhibitor and rubber accelerator (ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2001; Verschueren, 2001); in the process of softening hides and as an alkaline conditioning agent (Proctor & Hughes, 1978; Sittig, 1991; Lewis, 2001); as an intermediate compound in chemical synthesis (especially for ammonia, where it is a scrubber for the gas streams), in the manufacture of pharmaceutical agents (antibiotics) and non-ionic surfactants (ITI, 1995; Proctor & Hughes, 1978) ACGIH, 1986; (Sittig, 1991; Lewis, 2001; Verschueren, 2001) (These non-ionic surfactants are then used in dry cleaning, wool treatment, emulsion paints, polishes, and agricultural sprays (Lewis, 2001).); as a dispersing agent for various agricultural chemicals (Gosselin et al, 1984) ACGIH, 1986; (Lewis, 2001); as an antimicrobial in metalworking fluids, where its effects are greatly enhanced by keeping the fluids at high pH (Sandin et al, 1990).
Ethanolamine, in dilute solutions, has also been considered for use as an initial skin decontaminant following military chemical warfare agent exposure (Klain et al, 1985).
Ethanolamine is found as an emulsifier in polishes and hair wave solutions and in detergents, dyes, and textiles (Gosselin et al, 1984; Anon, 1968) ACGIH, 1986; (Lewis, 2001; Sittig, 1991), but is usually present as a neutral salt of one of a number of acids in consumer products (Lewis, 1998).
It is used therapeutically as an injectable sclerosing agent in humans (Harbison, 1998).
Ethanolamine is a metabolic intermediate in some animal species, aiding in the formation of phospholipids and choline (Howard, 1990).

FORMS

Ethanolamine is a clear, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a slightly ammonia-like odor (AAR, 2000; Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 2001; Verschueren, 2001).
Ethanolamine is available in NF and technical grades (Lewis, 2001).

NF grade material is 85 percent ethanolamine and 15 percent water (CHRIS , 2002).
The commercial grade material is 99 plus percent ethanolamine (CHRIS , 2002).

Ethamolin(R), ethanolamine oleate 5% injection for local intravenous use is available from Glaxo Pharmaceuticals as a 2 mL ampule (Prod Info, 1989).

SOURCES

Reaction of ammonia with ethylene oxide results in a mixture of mono-, di-, and triethanolamines (Lewis, 2001).
Large-scale production is done by ammonolysis of ethylene oxide. Ethanolamine can also be prepared from nitromethane and formaldehyde (Budavari, 2000).
Ethanolamine is found in small amounts in normal human urine; excretion rates range from 5 to 23 mg/day (Lewis, 1998; Zenz, 1994).
It is excreted by the algae Ochromonas danica (Verschueren, 2001).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Ethanolamine is a sclerosing agent used primarily for the treatment of esophageal varices with recent bleeding. It also has widespread use in industry.

PHARMACOLOGY: Ethanolamine and oleic acid trigger an inflammatory response resulting in fibrosis and possible occlusion of the vein both in intravascularly and extravascularly. Oleic acid also activates coagulation in vivo by releasing tissue factor and activation of Hageman factor (Factor XII), but the ethanolamine component does not inhibit fibrin clot formation by chelating calcium so that a procoagulant action has not been demonstrated.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: Overdose is rare.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

TOXICITY: Injection of too large a volume of ethanolamine can result in intramural necrosis of the esophagus with complications leading to death. It is a pulmonary, GI, skin and eye irritant.

WITH THERAPEUTIC USE

ADVERSE EFFECTS: COMMON: Pleural effusion, esophageal ulcer, pyrexia, retrosternal pain, esophageal stricture. LESS COMMON: Esophagitis, tearing of the esophagus, sloughing of the mucosa overlying the injected varix, necrosis, periesophageal abscess and perforation. RARE: bacteremia, anaphylactic shock, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

SUMMARY

PHARMACOLOGY: Ethanolamine and oleic acid trigger an inflammatory response resulting in fibrosis and possible occlusion of the vein both in intravascularly and extravascularly. Oleic acid also activates coagulation in vivo by releasing tissue factor and activation of Hageman factor (Factor XII), but the ethanolamine component does not inhibit fibrin clot formation by chelating calcium so that a procoagulant action has not been demonstrated.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Overdose is rare.
THERAPEUTIC: ADVERSE EFFECTS: COMMON: Pleural effusion, esophageal ulcer, pyrexia, retrosternal pain, esophageal stricture. LESS COMMON: Esophagitis, tearing of the esophagus, sloughing of the mucosa overlying the injected varix, necrosis, periesophageal abscess and perforation. RARE: bacteremia, anaphylactic shock, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
TOXICITY: Injection of too large a volume of ethanolamine can result in intramural necrosis of the esophagus with complications leading to death. It is a pulmonary, GI, skin and eye irritant.

DERMATOLOGIC

ERYTHEMA: Marked erythema occurred in humans when the concentrated liquid was applied to the skin for an 1.5 hours (Hathaway et al, 1996).

GASTROINTESTINAL

VASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY OF INTESTINE: Extensive esophageal necrosis and death have been reported from direct injection of sclerosing agents (Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006). Complications of submucosally injected ethanolamine oleate have included delayed esophageal perforation, necrosis, and ulceration (Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006).
STRICTURE OF ESOPHAGUS: Esophageal stricture, tearing of the esophagus, retrosternal pain, and perforation have been infrequently reported (incidence less than 5%) with therapeutic use of ethanolamine (Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006).

GENITOURINARY

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE SYNDROME: Two women who had received 15 to 20 mL of ethanolamine oleate injection developed acute renal failure, followed by spontaneous recovery within 3 weeks (Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006; Maling & Cretney, 1975).

HEENT

EYE IRRITATION: Severe eye irritation occurs with direct liquid contact (Lewis, 2000; Grant, 1986; ACGIH, 1991).

IMMUNOLOGIC

ANAPHYLACTOID REACTION: Fatal anaphylactic shock has been reported following injection of larger than normal volume of ethanolamine oleate 5% injection (Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006).

NEUROLOGIC

PARALYSIS: Spinal cord paralysis due to anterior spinal artery occlusion was reported in a child 8 hours after ethanolamine administration (Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006).

RESPIRATORY

PLEURAL EFFUSION: Pleural effusion and infiltration has been reported with ethanolamine therapy (incidence 2.1%)(Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006).
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: In one case, a 65-year-old man developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and died 4 days after intentionally ingesting 600 mL of an alkaline detergent (pH 11.7) that contained 3.3% monoethanolamine (MEA). Autopsy findings were suggestive of significant aspiration of the detergent (necrotic respiratory mucous membranes and hemorrhagic congestion of the lungs) (Kamijo et al, 2004).

VITAL SIGNS

FEVER: Fever has been reported with ethanolamine therapy (incidence 1.8%) (Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

Skin and eye irritation are the main occupational hazards with chronic monoethanolamine exposure (Anon, 1968). It has been reported to cause itching and inflammation of the skin (Tsyrkukov, 1975) and irritant and allergic contact dermatitis (Paustovskaya, 1973). Chronic occupational exposure reportedly was associated with chronic bronchitis, liver damage, weakness, and fatigue (Sidorov & Timofeevskaya, 1979; Paustovskaya, 1973). Occupational asthma has also been reported with chronic exposure (Kabe, 1971).

ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats chronically exposed to monoethanolamine had degenerative changes in the liver, heart, and lungs (Beyer, 1983). Rats exposed orally to 640 mg/kg/day or more had alterations in kidney and liver weights; deaths occurred at a dose of 1280 mg/kg/day (Knaak et al, 1997). The no-effect level for dogs, rats, and guinea pigs exposed by inhalation was 15 ppm (Weeks, 1960). Dogs exposed to an airborne concentration of 100 ppm for 30 days were apathetic and had poor appetite (HSDB , 2002). No treatment-related effects were seen in a 2-year dog study with oral doses of 22 mg/kg/day (Knaak et al, 1997).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE: Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE: Flush the contaminated skin with water promptly. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water promptly. If irritation persists after washing, get medical attention.
INHALATION EXPOSURE: Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, and central nervous system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
Observe patients carefully for the development of acute lung injury.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation or CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis.
DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

Six grams is an estimated fatal dose of ethanolamine for a 150 pound adult (Sittig, 1991).

CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old man intentionally ingested 600 mL of an alkaline detergent (pH 11.7) that contained 3.3% monoethanolamine (MEA). He presented 1.5 hours later with complaints of dyspnea, and he reported vomiting with choking several times. Respiratory function continued to decline, necessitating intubation 6 hours later, and imaging was consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Liver and renal damage was evident, and the patient expired on hospital day 4 due to ARDS progression. The patient had ingested approximately 0.3 grams/kg of MEA (Kamijo et al, 2004).

ANIMAL DATA

Four of six guinea pigs died when exposed to a 233 ppm concentration for one hour (Anon, 1968; Hathaway et al, 1996).
Exposure to a concentration of 75 ppm for 24 days killed 75% of a group of guinea pigs. Eighty-three percent of a group of rats exposed to 66 ppm for 28 days died (Anon, 1968).
Deaths occurred in a group of rats fed 1.28 grams/kg/day for 90 days (ACGIH, 1991).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

Ethanolamine is irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It is toxic by ingestion, dermal contact, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intramuscular routes. It is poisonous through intraperitoneal administration (HSDB , 2002; Lewis, 2000).

Exposure to ethanolamine or its vapors can cause wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, skin and eye redness and burns, dermatitis, blurred vision, sore throat, coughing and respiratory distress, headache, lethargy, increased blood pressure (but hypotension at high concentrations), diuresis, salivation, pupillary dilation, and necrosis. Ingestion can cause burns to the mouth and esophagus, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, central nervous system depression, coma, kidney and liver damage ((ICSC, 2001); NTP , 2001; Snyder et al, 1990; Zenz, 1994).

Persons suffering from asthma, pre-existing skin disorders, or impaired liver, kidney, or pulmonary function may be more susceptible to the effects of exposure to ethanolamine (NTP , 2001).

The undiluted liquid caused redness and swelling similar to a first degree burn when applied directly to the skin for 1.5 hours (ACGIH, 1986; (Proctor & Hughes, 1978; Snyder et al, 1990).

The standard local intravenous dose for sclerotherapy of esophageal varices is 1.5 to 5 mL of ethanolamine oleate 5% solution per varix, not to exceed a total dose of 20 mL per session. Patients with significant liver dysfunction or concomitant cardiopulmonary disease should usually receive a maximum dose per session of less than 20 mL(Prod Info ETHAMOLIN(R) IV injection, 2006).

ANIMAL DATA

RATS: Ethanolamine fed to rats at 320 mg/kg/day for 90 days caused no observable effects (ACGIH, 1991).
Chronic inhalation exposures of 100 ppm for 30 days resulted in dermal irritation, apathy, hair loss, and poor appetites in dogs, rats, or guinea pigs; similar exposure to 12 to 26 ppm for 90 days caused similar, but less severe, symptoms (ACGIH, 1991; Proctor & Hughes, 1978).
RABBITS: One drop of undiluted liquid caused severe eye irritation in rabbits. Undiluted liquid applied to the skin caused redness and swelling (ACGIH, 1991).
DOGS: Dogs exposed to 5 ppm for 90 days resulted in slight and temporary weight loss, and a minor decrease in activity and alertness (ACGIH, 1991).
DOGS/CATS: Dogs and cats survived exposure to 900 ppm for 4 days (Hathaway et al, 1996).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS141-43-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Ethanolamine
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Ethanolamine
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS141-43-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: ACGIH, 1991 Budavari, 2000 CHRIS, 2002 NTP, 2001 OHM/TADS, 2002 RTECS, 2002 Snyder et al, 1990
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAMUSCULAR)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)DOG:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)GUINEA_PIG:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (SKIN)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 ppm = 0.002495 mg/L (Anon, 1968)
1 ppm = 2.50 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mm Hg) (NIOSH , 2002)
1 mg/l = 401 ppm (Anon, 1968)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS141-43-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Ethanolamine

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 3 ppm
TLV-STEL: 6 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Eye and skin irr
Molecular Weight: 61.08

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS141-43-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS141-43-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Ethanolamine
REL:

TWA: 3 ppm (8 mg/m(3))
STEL: 6 ppm (15 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 30 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS141-43-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Ethanolamine
Table Z-1 for Ethanolamine:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 3

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 6

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS141-43-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS141-43-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS141-43-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS141-43-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS141-43-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS141-43-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS141-43-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS141-43-5 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Ethanol, 2-amino-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2491 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Ethanolamine or Ethanolamine solutions

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 8

8: Corrosive material. See 49 CFR section 173.136 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2491
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8

8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: IB3, T4, TP1

IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672).
T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 154
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 241

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2491 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Ethanolamine
UN Number: 2491
Proper Shipping Name: Ethanolamine solution
UN Number: 2491

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS141-43-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethanolamine
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 3

(3) Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Wear adequate personal protective clothing and equipment, including gloves, footwear, safety goggles, and respiratory protection, when handling ethanolamine, working around spills or leaks, or when fighting fires (AAR, 2000; ITI, 1995; NFPA, 2002a).
Protect against eye and skin contact (NIOSH , 2002).
Avoid contact with liquid ethanolamine. Avoid breathing its vapors (AAR, 2002; (CHRIS , 2002).

HANDLING

Do not handle leaking containers unless wearing protective equipment (AAR, 2000).

Chemical protective clothing should be worn when handling ethanolamine. However, rubber gloves are not recommended ((ICSC, 2001)).

If Tyvek-type disposable chemical protective clothing is not worn when working with ethanolamine, attach disposable Tyvek-type sleeves to your gloves (NTP , 2001).

If skin becomes contaminated, immediately flush the affected areas with water. Remove and replace any contaminated clothing (NIOSH , 2002).

If the chemical contacts the eyes, they should be flushed for at least 15 minutes with flowing water (OHM/TADS , 2002).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Ethanolamine is stored in tank and compartment cars, drums, cans, and bottles (OHM/TADS , 2002).
Stainless steel or aluminum containers are recommended (OHM/TADS , 2002). Containers of ethanolamine should be kept tightly closed (NTP , 2001; Sittig, 1991).
Ethanolamine attacks iron, plastics, rubber, aluminum, copper, and alloys of these metals (AAR, 2000; NFPA, 2002a; OHM/TADS , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Protect containers from physical damage (ITI, 1995).
Rubber hoses should not be used to transfer ethanolamine (OHM/TADS , 2002).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Ethanolamine should be stored in a well-ventilated, refrigerated, inert environment, away from sources of ignition (ITI, 1995; NTP , 2001; Sittig, 1991).
Protect containers of ethanolamine from exposure to light (NTP , 2001).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Ethanolamine reacts with oxidizing materials, acids, and halogenated hydrocarbons with generation of heat (NFPA, 2002a).
It may react with iron, producing an unstable and pyrophoric complex trisethanolaminoiron (NFPA, 2002a).
It also attacks plastics, rubber, aluminum, copper, tin, and alloys of these metals (AAR, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Ethanolamine may react violently with acids, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, alkylene oxides, aldehydes, alcohols, glycols, phenols, and cresols, including the following compounds: acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, chlorosulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, mesityl oxide, nitric acid, oleum, sulfuric acid, beta-propiolactone, vinyl acetate, caprolactam solution, and cellulose (Lewis, 2000; NTP , 2001; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Ethanolamine presents a heath hazard through inhalation, ingestion, and skin and/or eye contact. Adequate personal protective clothing and equipment should be worn to prevent skin and eye contact. Respiratory protection should also be worn (NIOSH , 2002; NFPA, 2002a).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Ethanolamine is irritating to the eyes. Wear full face-shield or splash-proof safety goggles with side shields when working around ethanolamine. An eye wash facility should be available in areas where this chemical may be encountered (CHRIS , 2002; NTP , 2001; OHM/TADS , 2002).

Contact lenses should not be worn when working with ethanolamine (NIOSH , 2002).

Prevent eye contact with ethanolamine. If the eyes become contaminated, hold eyelids open and flush with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes (CHRIS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Avoid breathing ethanolamine vapors. A positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn when working around this chemical (CHRIS , 2002; NFPA, 2002a).

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 141-43-5.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

National Safety Wear

Nation splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natprene splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Nattuf splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neosafe II splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neosafe I splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neosafe V

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Neosafe VI

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Premier, Magnaprene

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Neoprene+PVC

National Safety Wear

Natchem Splash Suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Paracril+PVC

National Safety Wear

Natweb splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natwork splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 3

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)
Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)
Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyurethane

National Safety Wear

Natflex splash suits

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natsoft splash suits

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Iron Eagle, Eagle

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

National Safety Wear

Natcide splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natcon splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natlite II splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natlite I splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

Natpro splash suit

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Nat-Wear, 2001)

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

American, Scrim, DuraScrim, PVC Polyester, Double-Ply PVC, PVC Film

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Webdri, Safetyflex, Electra, ElectraBrite

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Natural Rubber

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Molded Overshoes, Hand-Made Footwear

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Neoprene

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

North -- Safety 4H

Neoprene series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Molded Overshoes, Hand-Made Footwear

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Nitrile+PVC

Onguard Industries

Heartland

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Polyurethane+PVC

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Onguard Industries

Polyblend

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Superpoly

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Polyurethane Blend

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Polyvinyl Chloride

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

North -- Safety 4H

PVC Series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Tingley Rubber Corporation

Two Stage Injection Molded, Better Grade, General Purpose, Workbrutes

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Two Stage Injection Molded, Premier

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not reported
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Tingley, 2002)

Rubber

North -- Safety 4H

Rubber Series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Rubber blend

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Onguard Industries

Bluemax

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Polymax

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Standard

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Butyl/Neoprene

Comasec Safety, Inc

Butyl+Plus

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 7
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 168
Notes: tested in accordance with ASTM F739
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Latex

Memphis Glove Company

5290 Series Flock-Lined Latex

Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Natural Rubber

Ansell

Conform

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Ansell-Edmont, 2001)

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Astro-Flex

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 270
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6.6
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Black Max

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Flexigum

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Jelly Fish

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 270
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6.6
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Montgomery Safety Products

Natural Rubber

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 210
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <10
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 1823

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 30 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Chloroflex 723

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Neoprene 6780 Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultraflex Neoprene 32

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Astro-Prene

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Memphis Glove Company

5410S Series Flock-Lined Neoprene

Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

6912 Neomax Neoprene

Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Montgomery Safety Products

Neoprene

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene+NatR

Best Manufacturing

Chem Master CHM

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitrile

Ansell

Touch N Tuff

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Ansell-Edmont, 2001)

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 7005

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): None Detected
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

N-DEX 8005

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitri-Solve 727

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Comatril

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Flexiproof

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Marigold Industrial

315F

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

326Y

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

368R

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CO7B

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CR30

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

G12T

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

ME104

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

U263B/G

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:173 / CAN:459

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:414 / CAN:454

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Memphis Glove Company

5320 Series Flock-Lined Nitrile

Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

9750 Series Predator Nitrile

Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Montgomery Safety Products

M-Tech

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Nitrile+PVC

Best Manufacturing

Hustler 725R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Ansell

Dura-Touch

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Ansell-Edmont, 2001)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Blockbuster LP

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 7.8
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Comastar

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Lion Paw

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 7.8
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Normal

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Presti

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 7.8
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Yellow Jacket

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 7.8
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Yellow Submarine

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 7.8
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Memphis Glove Company

6400 Actifresh Green PVC

Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: 6 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Polyvinyl Chloride/Nitrile

Comasec Safety, Inc

Multi+plus

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 300
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 4.2
Notes: tested in accordance with ASTM F739
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Ansell 200 Schulz Drive Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA Phone: (732) 345-5400 Fax: (800) 800-0445 Toll-Free: (800) 800-0444 Website: http://www.ansellpro.com Email: info@ansell.com
Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
Boss Manufacturing Company 221 W. First Street Kewanee, IL 61443 USA Phone: (309) 852-2131 Fax: (309) 852-0848 Toll-Free: (800) 447-4581 Website: http://www.bossgloves.com Email: custserv@bossgloves.com
Comasec Safety, Inc 8 Niblick Road Box 1219 Enfield, CT 06083-1219 USA Phone: (860) 741-2207 Fax: (860) 741-0881 Toll-Free: (800) 333-0219 Website: http://www.comasecsafety.com Email: info@comasecsafety.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products 18550 NE Riverside Parkway Portland, OR 97230 USA Phone: (800) 557-7246 Fax: (800) 558-0188 Toll-Free: (800) 557-7246 Website: http://www.lacrosserainfair.com Email: info@lacrossesafety.com
Marigold Industrial 3585 Engineering Drive Suite 200 Box 926090 Norcross, GA 30092 USA Phone: (800) 733-0987 Fax: (800) 786-4564 Toll-Free: (800) 733-0987 Website: http://www.marigoldindustrial.com
Memphis Glove Company 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (901) 795-0672 Fax: (901) 794-7622 Toll-Free: (800) 955-6887 Website: http://www.memphisglove.com
Montgomery Safety Products 1117 Marion Avenue, SW Canton, OH 44707 USA Phone: (800) 562-0600 Toll-Free: (800) 562-0600 Website: http://www.montgomerysafety.com Email: gloves@montgomerysafety.com
National Safety Wear 9 High Street Miora, NY 12957 USA Phone: (800) 833-7270 Fax: (518) 529-7401 Toll-Free: (800) 833-7270 Website: http://www.natwear.com Email: sales@natwear.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
Onguard Industries 1850 Clark Road Havre de Grace, MD 21078 USA Phone: (410) 272-2000 Fax: (800) 304-2282 Toll-Free: (800) 365-2282 Website: http://www.onguardindustries.com Email: support@onguardindustries.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com
Tingley Rubber Corporation One Cragwood Road PO Box 100 South Plainfield, NJ 07080 USA Phone: (800) 631-5498 Fax: (866) 757-9239 Toll-Free: (800) 631-5498 Website: http://www.tingleyrubber.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

An eyewash facility should be available in areas where this chemical may be encountered (CHRIS , 2002; NIOSH , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Ethanolamine presents a moderate fire hazard when exposed to heat or flames. It is a combustible liquid (Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 2002a; NTP , 2001).
Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire or explosions (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
The addition of N,N-dimethyl-N,N'-dinitrosoterephthalamide to a flask containing a residue of ethanolamine resulted in the evolution and ignition of diazomethane and the dry nitrosamide powder (Urben, 1999).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS141-43-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethanolamine
Flammability Rating: 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS141-43-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Ethanolamine
Extinguishing Method(s): 5

5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.

Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide to fight fire (AAR, 2000; CHRIS , 2002; Lewis, 2000; NFPA, 2002a; ITI, 1995).

Spray water to cool down fire-exposed containers. If the material is not on fire, spray water to disperse vapors (AAR, 2000; CHRIS , 2002; ITI, 1995).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, ethanolamine emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen (AAR, 2000; Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2002).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Ethanolamine vapors may form explosive mixtures with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire or explosions (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Ethanolamine may react violently with acids, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, alkylene oxides, aldehydes, alcohols, glycols, phenols, and cresols, including the following compounds: acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, chlorosulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, mesityl oxide, nitric acid, oleum, sulfuric acid, beta-propiolactone, vinyl acetate, caprolactam solution, and cellulose ((ICSC, 2001); Lewis, 2000; NTP , 2001; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Ethanolamine vapors are irritating and corrosive to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Exposure may cause irritation of the pulmonary system, and may result in respiratory distress, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, headache, lethargy, and mild degenerative changes in the liver and kidney; these symptoms may be delayed ((ICSC, 2001); Lewis, 1998; NFPA, 2002a; NIOSH , 2002; NTP , 2001).

Inhalation of ethanolamine vapors may aggravate symptoms of asthma ((ICSC, 2001); NTP , 2001).

When heated to decomposition, ethanolamine emits toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of nitrogen (AAR, 2000; Lewis, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2002).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Ethanolamine reacts with oxidizing materials, acids, and halogenated hydrocarbons with generation of heat (NFPA, 2002a).

It may react with iron, producing an unstable and pyrophoric complex trisethanolaminoiron (NFPA, 2002a).

It also attacks plastics, rubber, aluminum, copper, tin, and alloys of these metals (AAR, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Ethanolamine may react violently with acids, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, alkylene oxides, aldehydes, alcohols, glycols, phenols, and cresols, including the following compounds: acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, chlorosulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, mesityl oxide, nitric acid, oleum, sulfuric acid, beta-propiolactone, vinyl acetate, caprolactam solution, and cellulose (Lewis, 2000; NTP , 2001; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

Remain upwind of the spilled material. Avoid bodily contact and breathing vapors. Remove and contain any contaminated clothing or shoes at the site. Move any victims of exposure to areas of fresh air (AAR, 2000).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS141-43-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS141-43-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Ethanolamine
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 3
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 6
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 20
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 30
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS141-43-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS141-43-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 30 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Remove all sources of ignition and ventilate the area of the spill or leak (HSDB, 2004; NTP , 2001; OHM/TADS , 2002).
Cover the spilled material with sodium bisulfate and sprinkle with water and neutralize. Route waste to an appropriate sewage facility (ITI, 1995; OHM/TADS , 2002).
Ethanolamine may be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Local health and pollution control authorities as well as operators of water intakes in the vicinity should be notified of water spills (CHRIS , 2002).
- This compound is dangerous to aquatic life in high concentrations (CHRIS , 2002).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

If possible, contain leaking material in sealable containers and neutralize. Rinse contaminated area with excess water ((ICSC, 2001)).
Absorb spilled liquid with absorbant paper. Place the paper along with any contaminated clothing in a vapor-tight container for later disposal. Wash any contaminated surfaces with a solution of soap and water (NTP , 2001).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Cover ethanolamine with sodium bisulfate; sprinkle with water and neutralize. Route waste to an appropriate sewage facility (ITI, 1995; OHM/TADS , 2002).
Absorb spilled ethanolamine using vermiculite, dry sand, or earth. Place material in a sealed container. Dispose of in an approved, secured sanitary landfill (HSDB, 2004; Sittig, 1991).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

BIOREMEDIATION

Wastewater from ethylene manufacturing processes containing ethanolamine is not toxic to aquatic organisms used in biological wastewater treatment. Concentrations of 300, 200, 50, and 20 mg/L are tolerated by protozoans, saprophyte bacteria, first phase nitrification bacteria, and second phase nitrification bacteria, respectively (HSDB, 2004).
Biological Oxygen Demand (CHRIS , 2002; HSDB, 2004):
- 78 percent (5 days) (0% theoretical)
- 64 percent (20 days)
- 50 percent (5 days) (sewage innoculum, initial concentration 100 ppm)
- 34 percent (5 days) (sewage innoculum, initial concentration 10 ppm)
- 40 percent (20 days) (sewage innoculum)
- 61-84 percent (5 days) (sewage innoculum, initial concentration 2.5 ppm)
- 65 percent (10 days) (sewage innoculum)
- 0 percent (5 days) (sewage innoculum, initial concentration 2.5 ppm)
- 58.4 percent (10 days) (sewage innoculum, initial concentration 2.5 ppm)
- 64.0 percent (20 days) (sewage innoculum, initial concentration 2.5 ppm)
- 75.0 percent (50 days) (sewage innoculum, initial concentration 2.5 ppm)
- 71 percent (5 days) (sewage innoculum)
- 98 percent (5 days) (sewage innoculum)
- 49.2 percent (14 days) (sewage innoculum, initial concentration 100 ppm)

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Incineration is a recommended method of disposal for this compound (HSDB, 2004; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Ethanolamine enters the environment in emissions or effluents from facilities manufacturing or using it, from the disposal of consumer goods containing it (e.g., cleaning products), from the use of agricultural chemicals where it has been used as a dispersing agent, and as a naturally occurring constituent of urine (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).

The most common route of exposure to ethanolamine is skin contact with personal products that contain it (e.g., soaps, hair waving solutions), detergents, and other surfactants (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).

This compound may be dangerous to humans if it enters water intakes (CHRIS , 2002).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In the atmosphere, ethanolamine is expected to exist almost exclusively in the vapor phase (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).
It is removed primarily through reaction with photochemically-generated hydroxyl radicals (with a half-life of approximately 4 to 27 hours). It is also expected to precipitate out of the atmosphere, based on its complete solubility in water (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004; Verschueren, 2001).
- Vapor phase ethanolamine is expected to react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, with an estimated half-life of 11 hours. This is based on a reaction rate constant of 3.5 x 10(-11) cm(3)/molecules-sec at 25 degrees C with an ambient hydroxyl concentration of 5 x 10(5) molecules/cm(3) (HSDB, 2004; Verschueren, 2001; Howard, 1990).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- When released to water, ethanolamine is expected to biodegrade. The rate of degradation will depend largely on the degree of acclimation; its half-life is expected to range from a few days to a few weeks (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).
- Volatilization, adsorption to particulate matter, and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms are not expected to be important fate processes (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- When released to soil, ethanolamine is expected to biodegrade relatively rapidly following acclimation. It will also leach in soils (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).
- Its half-life in soil is estimated from days to weeks (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).
- Volatilization from soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).
- Ethanolamine is expected to be quite mobile in soil (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Ethanolamine exists in the vapor phase in the atmosphere. It is removed by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals or wet deposition. It leaches through the soil and biodegrades in soil and water. Volatilization and adsorption are not expected to be important (HSDB, 2004; Verschueren, 2001; Howard, 1990).

BIODEGRADATION

The anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium flabelliferum, Clostridium histolyticum, Clostridium butyricum, and Bacillis teras, were able to degrade ethanolamine. However, other strains such as Bacillus indolicus, Bacillus saprotoxicus, and Clostridium sporogenes were not able to degrade it (Verschueren, 2001).

It is said to biodegrade at a "moderate rate" (OHM/TADS , 2002).

The biodegradation half-life is largely dependent on the degree of acclimation of the system (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).

BIOACCUMULATION

OTHER

OTHER
- Ethanolamine does not bioaccumulate (CHRIS , 2002).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for ethanolamine is estimated to be less than one. It does not bioconcentrate significantly in aquatic organisms (Howard, 1990; HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Ethanolamine is dangerous to aquatic life in high concentrations (CHRIS , 2002).

References: (CHRIS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; Verschueren, 2001)

(Values are from (Verschueren, 2001), unless otherwise noted.)

LC50 - (WATER) BRINE SHRIMP: >100 ppm for 48H - static, aerated (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC50 - (WATER) SHRIMP: 7100 ppm for 48H - salt water (CHRIS, 2002)
EC50 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS: 120 mg/L for 24H
EC50 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS: 140 mg/L for 24H
EC100 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS: 250 mg/L for 24H
LC50 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS: 100 mg/L for 22H
LC10 - (WATER) CHILOMONAS PARAMAECIUM: 733 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) GOLDFISH: 190 mg/L for 24H - at pH 10.1
LC50 - (WATER) GOLDFISH: 170 mg/L for 96H - at pH 10.1
LC50 - (WATER) GOLDFISH: >5,000 mg/L for 24H - at pH 7
LC0 - (WATER) LEUCISCUS IDUS: 102 mg/L for 24H
LC0 - (WATER) LEUCISCUS IDUS: 455 mg/L for 24H
LC50 - (WATER) LEUCISCUS IDUS: 224 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) LEUCISCUS IDUS: 400 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) LEUCISCUS IDUS: 525 mg/L for 48H
LC100 - (WATER) LEUCISCUS IDUS: 510 mg/L for 48H
LC100 - (WATER) LEUCISCUS IDUS: 576 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) CARASSIUS AURATUS: 190 mg/L for 24H
LC50 - (WATER) CARASSIUS AURATUS: >5,000 mg/L for 24H
LC50 - (WATER) CARASSIUS AURATUS: 170 mg/L for 96H
LC50 - (WATER) GAMBUSIA AFFINIS: 375 mg/L for 24H
LC50 - (WATER) GAMBUSIA AFFINIS: 360 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) GAMBUSIA AFFINIS: 350 mg/L for 72H
LC50 - (WATER) GAMBUSIA AFFINIS: >300 mg/L for 96H
LC0 - (WATER) LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS: 75 mg/L for 96H
LC50 - (WATER) LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS: >300 mg/L for 96H
LC50 - (WATER) LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS: 329 mg/L for 96H
LC50 - (WATER) LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS: >375 mg/L for 24H
LC50 - (WATER) LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS: 366 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS: 346 mg/L for 72H
LC50 - (WATER) ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS: 150 mg/L for 96H
LC0 - (WATER) POECILIA RETICULATA: 500 mg/L for 10D
LC50 - (WATER) POECILIA RETICULATA: 525 mg/L for 10D
LC100 - (WATER) POECILIA RETICULATA: 550 mg/L for 10D
LC0 - (WATER) SEMOLITUS ATROMACULATUS: 40 mg/L for 24H
LC100 - (WATER) SEMOLITUS ATROMACULATUS: 70 mg/L for 24H
NOEC - (WATER) SALVELINUS FONTINALIS, adult: >20 mg/L for 100D

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

61.08

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Ethanolamine is a clear, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with a slightly ammonia-like odor (AAR, 2000; Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 2001; Verschueren, 2001).

12.1 (for a 25% aqueous solution) (Budavari, 2000)

12.05 (for a 0.1 N aqueous solution) (Budavari, 2000)

VAPOR PRESSURE

6 mmHg (at 60 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000)

0.4 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; Harbison, 1998; NIOSH , 2002)

0.43 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 2001)

53 Pa (at 20 degrees C) ((ICSC, 2001))

4 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2002)

<1 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (NFPA, 2002a)

0.26 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (ILO , 1998)

0.404 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.018 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998)
1.0117 (at 25/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000)
0.9998 (at 40/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000)
0.9844 (at 60/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000)
1.012 (at 25/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000)
1.0179 (at 20/20 degrees C) (Lewis, 2001)
1.016 (at 20 degrees C) (CHRIS , 2002)
1.01 (at 25/4 degrees C) (ITI, 1995)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

1.02 (at 20 degrees C) ((ICSC, 2001); NIOSH , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002)
1.01 (NFPA, 2002a)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

8.5 lbs/gallon (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 2001)
1.01 kg/l (at 25 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994)
1.016 g/cm(3) (at 19.2 degrees C) (NTP , 2001)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

8.45 lbs/gallon (Budavari, 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

10.5 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)
51 degrees F (CHRIS , 2002; NFPA, 2002a; NIOSH , 2002)
50.5 degrees F; 10.3 degrees C; 283.5 K (CHRIS , 2002)
10 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; NFPA, 2002a)

MELTING POINT

10.3 degrees C (Budavari, 2000; ITI, 1995; OHM/TADS , 2002)
10.5 degrees C (ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2001)
10 degrees C ((ICSC, 2001))

BOILING POINT

170.8 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (Budavari, 2000; ITI, 1995; OHM/TADS , 2002)

70-72 degrees C (at 12 mmHg) (Budavari, 2000)

170.5 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001; Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 2001)

185 degrees C (AAR, 2000)

171 degrees C ((ICSC, 2001); ILO , 1998; NFPA, 2002a)

338 degrees F; 170 degrees C; 443 K (CHRIS , 2002)

166-174 degrees C (Ashford, 1994)

339 degrees F (NFPA, 2002a; NIOSH , 2002)

FLASH POINT

93.33 degrees C; 200 degrees F (open cup) (ACGIH, 1991; CHRIS , 2002; Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 2001)

85 degrees C (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1991; (ICSC, 2001); ILO , 1998)

195 degrees F (Budavari, 2000; OHM/TADS , 2002)

185 degrees F (closed cup) (CHRIS , 2002)

185 degrees F (open cup) (Bingham et al, 2001)

91 degrees C (closed cup) (Ashford, 1994)

186 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)

185 degrees F; 85 degrees C (NFPA, 2002a; Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

90.5 degrees C (ITI, 1995)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

410 degrees C; 770 degrees F ((ICSC, 2001); ILO , 1998; NFPA, 2002a)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

5.5 percent ((ICSC, 2001))
3.0 percent (at 284 degrees F; 140 degrees C) (NFPA, 2002a; NIOSH , 2002)

UPPER

17 percent ((ICSC, 2001))
23.5 percent (at 284 degrees F; 140 degrees C) (NFPA, 2002a; NIOSH , 2002)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Ethanolamine is miscible in water (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000; ILO , 1998; Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 2001; OHM/TADS , 2002).
It is soluble in water with release of heat (AAR, 2000).
Ethanolamine is completely soluble in water (Ashford, 1994).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Ethanolamine is miscible in methanol and acetone (Budavari, 2000; Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 2001).
It is slightly soluble in benzene and soluble in chloroform (Lewis, 2000).
Solubility at 25 degrees C (Budavari, 2000):

benzene: 1.4%
carbon tetrachloride: 0.2%
ether: 2.1%
n-heptane: < 0.1%

Ethanolamine is miscible with most oxygenated and some chlorinated solvents (Ashford, 1994).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = -1.31 (estimated) (Howard, 1990; HSDB , 2002; (ICSC, 2001))

HENRY'S CONSTANT

4 x 10(-8) atm-m(3)/mole (at 25 degrees C) (calculated) (Howard, 1990; HSDB , 2002)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

123 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Prism Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

2260 (Absorption Spectra in the UV and visible Regions, Academic Press, New York) (HSDB , 2002)

MASS

41 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2002)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

CRITICAL PRESSURE

647 psia; 44 atm; 4.45 MN/m(2) (CHRIS , 2002)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

646 degrees F; 341 degrees C; 614 K (CHRIS , 2002)

DIPOLE MOMENT

2.27 (Budavari, 2000)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4539 (Budavari, 2000; ITI, 1995)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

8.96 eV (NIOSH , 2002)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

9143 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents