DODECYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID

Dodecylbenznesulfonic acid is used to make detergents, as an absorbent for gas chromatography, in electronic cleaning chemicals, in pickling baths, and in detergent manufacture, as a neutralizing agent for acids and caustics, in the separation and concentration of certain polychlorinated compounds, and in thin layer chromatography as an impregnation medium for detection of amino acids and dipeptides (AAR, 2000; HSDB , 2002; Petersen, 2002).

FORMS

Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is available in grades of purity from 95% to 97.5% (CHRIS , 2002).
The industrial grade of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is 98% active (HSDB , 2002).

SOURCES

Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is derived by the alkylation of a benzene ring, followed by elongation of the side chain and fusion of the sulfonate group to the benzene ring (HSDB , 2002).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is an eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritant. It may cause pain and second-degree burns after a few minutes of dermal contact.

A 0.5% to 1% concentration in water caused significant irritation. The technical grade is corrosive and may cause irreversible damage to eyes and skin.

The calcium salt has a drying effect on skin. Prolonged contact may cause irritation.

INGESTION of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid may cause irritation of the mouth, esophagus and stomach; diarrhea; intestinal distention; and occasional vomiting.

Diseases of the respiratory system may occasionally occur if dust control in the working area is not provided.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Linear C12-benzenesulfonic acid is an eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritant (HSDB). It was of moderate toxicity by the oral exposure route in mice or rats. If ingested, it would be expected to produce gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Alkylbenzenesulfones have been used in detergents together with enzyme additives which have produced allergic reactions. Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid acting as a skin sensitizer cannot be excluded (Clayton & Clayton, 1982).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

The following information is for Detergents and Soaps - Anionic and Nonionic:
INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting.
Spontaneous emesis frequently occurs following ingestion. If spontaneous emesis does not occur then significant ingestion is unlikely.
Administration of activated charcoal or cathartic is unnecessary.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
HYPOCALCEMIA - When documented may be treated with IV calcium gluconate.
Patient should be evaluated for burns to the mouth and esophagus following ingestion of low phosphate detergents which are generally more alkaline.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE

The following information is for DETERGENTS AND SOAPS - ANIONIC AND NONIONIC -

The literature indicates a wide range of the toxic dose. Since mortality is extremely rare, and toxicity becomes readily apparent with vomiting and diarrhea, there is little point in estimated toxic dose.
Low Phosphate Detergents - usually caustic
Hand Dishwashing Liquids - emesis, diarrhea
Abrasive Cleaners - nontoxic, unless they contain bleach
Hand Soap Bars - emesis or mild diarrhea

Ingestion of 100 mg/day of alkyl aryl sulfonate for 4 months had no adverse effect on human volunteers (Freeman et al, 1945).
Ingestion of 1000 mg/day of sodium alkyl sulfate for up to 8 weeks had no adverse effects on patients treated for gastric ulcers (Fogelson & Shock, 1944).
Ingestion of 6000 to 9000 mg/day of sodium alkyl sulfate for 25 to 38 days had no adverse effect in patients treated for gastric ulcers (Kirsner & Wolff, 1944).
Ingestion of nonionic surfactants (Tween 80(R)) in doses of 4500 to 15,000 mg/day for up to 4 years had no adverse effect in humans (Jones et al, 1948).
Inhalation of sodium lauryl sulfate at a 1% concentration resulted in marked dyspnea in animals; 0.5% solutions produced mild to moderate effects, and 0.1% were well tolerated (Hall, 1950).
An examination of accidental ingestion calls received by a consumer information service for detergent products, found that, in general, granular detergents had lower ingestion volumes than liquid detergents and a majority of the ingestions of either granular detergents or hand dishwashing liquids experienced no adverse effects regardless of the amount ingested (Petersen, 1989).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS27176-87-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS27176-87-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: CHRIS, 2002 HSDB, 2002 OHM/TADS, 2002 RTECS, 2002
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS27176-87-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS27176-87-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS27176-87-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS27176-87-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS27176-87-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS27176-87-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1000 (454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS27176-87-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS27176-87-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS27176-87-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS27176-87-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS27176-87-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS27176-87-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2584 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Alkyl sulfonic acids, liquid or Aryl sulfonic acids, liquid with more than 5 percent free sulfuric acid

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 8

8: Corrosive material. See 49 CFR section 173.136 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2584
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8

8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: B2, IB2, T8, TP2, TP12, TP13

B2: MC 300, MC 301, MC 302, MC 303, MC 305, and MC 306 and DOT 406 cargo tanks are not authorized.
IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T8: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP12: This material is considered highly corrosive to steel.
TP13: Self-contained breathing apparatus must be provided when this hazardous material is transported by sea.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 154
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 1 L
Cargo aircraft only: 30 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: B

B: (i) The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length; and (ii) "On deck only" on passenger vessels in which the number of passengers specified in paragraph (k)(2)(i) of this section is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2584 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Alkylsulphonic acids, liquid with more than 5% free sulphuric acid
UN Number: 2584
Proper Shipping Name: Arylsulphonic acids, liquid with more than 5% free sulphuric acid
UN Number: 2584

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS27176-87-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid should be handled in a manner similar to that of sulfuric acid (OHM/TADS , 2002).

Pohanish (2002) suggests wearing protective clothing and gloves to reduce the probability of skin contact. Unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn, splash-proof chemical goggles and a face shield should be utilized.

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is generally stored in lined steel drums and stainless steel tanks (OHM/TADS , 2002).
This compound should be stored in tightly-closed containers (Petersen, 2002).
If possible, liquid should be automatically pumped from drums or other storage containers to process containers (Petersen, 2002).
This compound should not be stored in carbon steel or aluminum (CHRIS , 2002; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Sparks, flames, and any other sources of ignition should be kept far from dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (AAR, 2000).
Store this compound in a cool and well-ventilated area far from metals (Petersen, 2002).
The storage temperature should be ambient and the venting open (CHRIS , 2002).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid may attack metals, which will result in the formation of flammable hydrogen gas (Petersen, 2002).
This compound should be isolated from combustible materials (Petersen, 2002).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Protective clothing and gloves should be worn to prevent the probability of skin contact with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. Protective clothing (including suits, footwear, headgear, and gloves) should be clean and available each day and put on before work. Splash-proof chemical goggles along with a face shield are necessary if full facepiece respiratory protection is not worn. Wash with soap immediately if skin becomes wet or contaminated (Petersen, 2002).

Equip areas where dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is handled with emergency showers and eyewash stations (Petersen, 2002).

"Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear appropriate chemical protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing" (AAR, 2000).

CHRIS recommends the use of rubber gloves, goggles, and an air pack if coming into contact with fumes in an unventilated area (CHRIS , 2002).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Do not wear contact lenses when working with this chemical (Petersen, 2002).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 27176-87-0.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Although dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid does not easily ignite, this chemical may burn. If involved in a fire, poisonous gases, including oxides of sulfur and hydrogen sulfide, may be produced. Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or alcohol foam is recommended for extinguishing. Water spray can be used to cool exposed containers if applied from a secure, explosion-proof location. Should this be ineffective (characterized by increases in volume and pitch of venting sound; discoloration or deforming of tanks), immediately withdraw to a secure location (CHRIS , 2002; Petersen, 2002).
Since dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid vapors are heavier than air, they will collect in low areas and are capable of traveling to ignition sources and causing a flashback. If allowed to enter confined areas, vapors may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may also explode in a fire or are capable of rocketing great distances. If this compound or runoff from firefighting water enters waterways, downstream users should be immediately notified of possible contamination. Local health and fire officials, as well as pollution control agencies, should be notified of fires involving this compound (Petersen, 2002).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS27176-87-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS27176-87-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Carbon dioxide, alcohol foam, or dry chemical are recommended for fighting fire involving this compound. Water can be used in flooding quantities as fog (solid streams may not be effective). Flooding quantities of water, applied from a maximal distance, can be used to cool affected containers, and water spray may be used to knock-down vapors (AAR, 2000; Petersen, 2002).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Poisonous gases may be produced in fire. It may give off sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide (CHRIS , 2002).
Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid releases toxic fumes of sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

With a flash point of 38 degrees C, this compound is capable of forming explosive mixtures with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Contact with strong oxidizers may result in fire and explosions (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Poisonous gases may be produced in fire. It may give off sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide (CHRIS , 2002).

Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid releases toxic fumes of sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Poisonous gases may be produced in fire. It may give off sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide (CHRIS , 2002).

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid may corrode metals (AAR, 2000)

Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid releases toxic fumes of sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 2000).

With a flash point of 38 degrees C, this compound is capable of forming explosive mixtures with air (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS27176-87-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS27176-87-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (Laurylbenzenesulfonic acid)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 2.5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 7.5
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 50
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 250
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS27176-87-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS27176-87-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
"At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices" (HSDB , 2002).
Those individuals not wearing protective equipment should be evacuated and restricted from the area of spill or leak until cleanup has been completed. The area should be ventilated and the spilled liquids absorbed in a nonflammable absorbent material such as vermiculite, earth, dry sand, peat, or carbon and then deposited into sealed containers. Do not allow this material into confined spaces as this would result in an explosion hazard. If the material should happen to enter waterways, downstream users must be notified of potentially-contaminated waters. This compound may need to be contained and disposed as a hazardous waste. The EPA should be contacted for specific recommendations (Petersen, 2002).
If this compound is spilled into water, it should be neutralized with crushed limestone, agricultural lime, or sodium bicarbonate. Activated carbon should be applied at ten times the spilled amount in those regions where dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid has been dissolved at concentrations of 10 ppm or greater. Mechanical dredges or lifts can then be used to remove the immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates (AAR, 2000).
If dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is spilled on land, a holding area (pit, pond, lagoon, etc) should be created to contain the material. Solids should be covered with a plastic sheet to prevent rain or fire-fighting water from dissolving the spill (AAR, 2000).
"In situ amelioration: Can oxidize with hydrogen peroxide with ferrous sulfate catalyst. Foaming and carbon absorption are most effective. Seek professional environmental engineering assistance through EPA's environmental response team" (OHM/TADS , 2002).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

No information found at the time of this review.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- The half-life of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in water is about 15 days (OHM/TADS , 2002).
- Biodegradation of sodium-C12 linear alkylbenene sulfonic acids is affected by water temperature. The rate of biodegradation for these compounds in Chesapeake Bay water was at a maximum at 25-30 degrees C and decreased as incubation temperatures lowered (HSDB , 2002).
- "Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid may be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Notify local health and wildlife officials. Notify operators of nearby water intakes" (CHRIS , 2002).
- Effect of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid on water treatment processes (OHM/TADS , 2002):

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- The type of soil has an effect on the adsorption of sodium-C12 linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acids. Biodegradation is slowed when the soil's affinity for surfactants competes with microbial attack (HSDB , 2002).
- Sesquioxides such as ferric oxide, and aluminum oxide are important in the sorption of linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acid" (HSDB , 2002).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

"The effect of wavelength on the photochemical decomposition of dodecylbenzene sulfonate was investigated. When dodecylbenzenesulfonate in water was exposed to monochromatic irradiation between 200 and 700 nm from a xenon arc lamp, the largest decompositionr ate was observed at 215 nm. Photochemical decomposition products included formaldehyde and formic acid" (HSDB , 2002).

BIODEGRADATION

When present as a sole carbon source, linear sodium alkylbenzene sulfonic acid was biodegraded by marine bacteria; this only occurred when massive aeration was employed (HSDB , 2002).

"The biodegradation by activated sludge of linear dodecylbenzenesulfonate tagged with (14)C on the side chain was studied. An initial rapid decrease occurred by adsorption on activated sludge, followed by an acclimation period with little change in surfactant concentration, and a final period of active degradation. Decomposition products detected after desulfonation included 1-tetralone, 1-indanone, 4-methyl-1-tetralone, and naphthalene" (HSDB , 2002).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid may be harmful to aquatic life even in very low concentrations (CHRIS , 2002).

AQUATIC TOXICITY VALUES:

DEATH - FISH: 8 ppm - sewage treatment plants (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 10 days old: 20 ppm for 1H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 10 days old: 12 ppm for 6H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 65 days old: 20 ppm for 1H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 65 days old: 10 ppm for 6H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 4 cm long: 15 ppm for 1H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 4 cm long: 12 ppm for 6H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 8 cm long: 20 ppm for 1H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 8 cm long: 12 ppm for 6H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
DEATH - TROUT, 15 cm long: 15 ppm for 1H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
<20% DIED - DAPHNIA: 5 ppm for 24H, 48H, and 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
<20% DIED - DAPHNIA: 10 ppm for 24H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
>20% LIVED - DAPHNIA: 10 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC30 - GOLDFISH: 10 ppm for 48H - aerated (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 11 ppm for 24H -- salt water; static (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 10.8 ppm for 96H -- salt water; static (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 10.7 ppm for 336H - salt water; static (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC100 - DAPHNIA: 15 ppm for 48H and 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC100 - DAPHNIA: 35 ppm for 24H, 48H, and 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC100 - DAPHNIA: 50 ppm for 24H, 48H, and 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LC100 - GOLDFISH: 15 ppm for 6H -- aerated (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LETHAL - GUPPY: 5 to 15 ppm (CHRIS, 2002)
LETHAL - SALMON: 5.6 ppm for 72H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
LETHAL - TROUT: 5 ppm for 26H-30H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
20-80% LIVED - DAPHNIA: 10 ppm for 48H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
20-80% LIVED - DAPHNIA: 15 ppm for 24H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
MINIMUM LETHAL - FISH: 6 ppm - distilled; 18 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2002)
MINIMUM LETHAL - FISH: 6 ppm - hard water; 23 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - AMERICAN EEL: 7.5 ppm for 96H -- 20% salt (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - BLACK BULLHEAD: 22 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - BLUEGILL: 4.2 for 24H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - BLUEGILL: 3.7 ppm for 48H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - BLUEGILL: 17 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - BLUEGILL: 17.4 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - BLUEGILL: 4.2 to 5.6 ppm for 96H -- soft water (CHRIS, 2002)
TLm - BLUNTNOSE MINNOW: 7.7 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - CARP: 18 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - COMMON SHINER: 17 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - EMERALD SHINER: 7.4 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - FATHEAD FRY: 3.1 ppm for 168H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - FATHEAD MINNOW: 4.2 to 5.6 ppm for 96H -- soft water (CHRIS, 2002)
TLm - FATHEAD MINNOW: 3.5 to 4.4 ppm for 96H -- hard water (CHRIS, 2002)
TLm - MULLET: 10.1 ppm for 96H - 20% salt (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - MUMMICHOG: 22.5 ppm for 96H - 20% salt (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - ROSEFIN: 9.5 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - SILVER JAW: 9.2 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - SILVERSIDE: 7 ppm for 96H - 20% salt (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - STONEROLLER: 8.9 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - TROUT: 3 ppm for 288H - oxygenated; clean (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - TROUT: 3.7 for 24H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - PUMPKIN SEED: 21.9 ppm for 96H (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TLm - WINTER FLOUNDER: 8.2 ppm for 96H - 20% salt
TL50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 2.04 ppm (active) for 24H -- static; 15 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2002)
TL50 - RAINBOW TROUT: 1.68 ppm (active) for 96H -- static; 15 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2002)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

326.54

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid is a light yellow to brown liquid (straw-colored) that may have the odor of sulfur dioxide (CHRIS , 2002; OHM/TADS , 2002; Petersen, 2002)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

10 degrees C (Petersen, 2002)

MELTING POINT

10 degrees C (Petersen, 2002)

BOILING POINT

>204.5 degrees C; > 440 degrees F; >477.7K (at 1 atm) (CHRIS , 2002)

315 degrees C (Petersen, 2002)

FLASH POINT

300 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2002)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid is soluble in water (AAR, 2000; Petersen, 2002).
400,000 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2002)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Boron Tribromide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008a. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803ae1d3&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bromine Chloride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648039732a&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Bromoacetone (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809187bf&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Calcium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005d. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Carbonyl Fluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008b. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803ae328&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Carbonyl Sulfide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648037ff26&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Chlorobenzene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008c. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064803a52bb&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Cyanogen (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809187fe&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Dimethyl Phosphite (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7cbf3&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Diphenylchloroarsine (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007l. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020fd29&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyl Isocyanate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648091884e&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyl Phosphorodichloridate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008i. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480920347&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethylbenzene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809203e7&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ethyldichloroarsine (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020fd29&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Germane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963906&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Hexafluoropropylene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064801ea1f5&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Ketene (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ee7c&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Magnesium Aluminum Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Magnesium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Malathion (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009k. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064809639df&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Mercury Vapor (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009b. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a8a087&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl Isothiocyanate (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008k. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963a03&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl Parathion (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008l. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963a57&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2007a. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=09000064802a4985&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents