DIOCTYL PHTHALATE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

DESIGNATIONS

BEILSTEIN HANDBOOK REFERENCE:4-09-00-03181 (di-n-octyl phthalate (CAS 117-84-0))
BEILSTEIN HANDBOOK REFERENCE:4-09-00-03180 (di-n-octyl phthalate (CAS 117-84-0))
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NUMBER:1890696 (di-n-octyl phthalate (CAS 117-84-0))

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C24-H38-O4

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

153-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Dioctyl phthalate occurs in two isomeric forms, di-n-octyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; the two forms are used in similar fashions.
Dioctyl phthalate is used primarily in the manufacture of plastics, serving as a plasticizer for vinyl resins (polyvinyl chloride), polystrene resins, cellulose ester resins, adhesives, rubber materials, emulsion paints, laquers, and other materials (Bingham et al, 2001; HSDB , 2001; IARC, 1982; Sittig, 1991).
The chemical properties of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate make it the preferential plasticizer for many flexible polyvinyl chloride products. This compound is also used as a replacement for polychlorinated biphenyls in dielectric fluids (IARC, 1982). It is especially used in the manufacture of PVC medical devices, where it may make up 40 percent of the weight of a final product (Gosselin et al, 1984; Plonait et al, 1993).

FORMS

This document includes information on the two isomers of dioctyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-octyl-phthalate. When indicated, a distinction between the two isomers is made. It should be noted, however, that "di-n-octyl phthalate is sometimes mistakenly reported as its isomer, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, in the literature" (HSDB , 2001).
"Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is available in the US in a variety of technical grades. Typical product specifications are: 99.0-99.6% minimal ester content; 0.1% maximal moisture content; 0.007-0.01% acidity (as acetic acid or phthalic acid); specific gravity, 0.980-0.985 (25/25 degrees C); refractive index, 1.4850-1.4870 (23 degrees C); and minimal flash-point, (216 degrees C). In western Europe, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is available with the following specifications: maximal acid value, 0.06; maximal weight loss on heating at 140 degrees C for 3 hours, 1% and saponification value, 284-290 mg KOH/g. In Japan, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate must fulfill the following specifications: maximal acid value, 0.05; maximal weight loss on heating at 125 degrees C for 3 hours, 0.10%; and specific gravity, 0.983-0.989 (20/20 degrees C)" (IARC, 1982).

SOURCES

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is produced by the esterification of 2-ethylhexanol with phthalic anhydride (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1997).
Di-n-octyl-phthalate is produced by the esterification of n-octanol with phthalic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst (sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid) or noncatalytically at high temperature (HSDB , 2001; Bingham et al, 2001).
"Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected in particulate and gaseous hydrocarbons from diesel-fuel exhaust gases" (IARC, 1982).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate has been detected in the following commercial organic solvents (IARC, 1982):

diethyl ether (43.6 mcg/L)
methane (78.7 mcg/L)
ethanol (61.7 mg/L)
acetonitrile (180 mcg/L)
benzene (1960 mcg/L)

Dioctyl phthalate is widely distributed throughout the environment, and has been found in various species of fish and in bovine tissues (Ohyama, 1977).
As dioctyl phthalate is soluble in blood and lipoprotein-containing fluids, it can leach into stored blood from PVC bags and has been found in the tissues of patients transfused with stored blood (Gosselin et al, 1984).
Patients undergoing dialysis and catheterized with PVC catheters have also been found to have dioctyl phthalate in their tissues, as may children undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (Karle et al, 1997; Mettang et al, 1996).
Dioctyl phthalate may also leach into food stored in PVC wrapping materials (Gosselin et al, 1984).
Dioctyl phthalate is an environmental contaminant that may accumulate in food chains (Gosselin et al, 1984).
Dioctyl phthalate leaching from plasticized polyvinyl chloride blood bags caused increased lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamin E concentrations in stored erythrocytes (Deepa Devi et al, 1998; Manojkumar et al, 1998).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Dioctyl phthalate is generally considered to be of low toxicity via the oral and dermal routes. Mucous membrane and eye irritation may occur. Central nervous system depression may occur. Dermal irritation is seldom seen. Skin sensitization does not occur in humans. The low vapor pressure usually precludes inhalation of any significant amount except perhaps as an aerosol adsorbed to airborne particulates.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Phthalates in general have low toxicity when ingested acutely (HSDB, 1997; RTECS, 1997). Eye and skin irritation may occur (RTECS, 1997; HSDB, 1997; (Mallette & Von Haam, 1952).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Pain, numbness, weakness, upper and lower extremities muscle spasms, and peripheral polyneuropathy were reported in workers in the artificial leather industry; however, butyl phthalate and the higher alkyl phthalates were also commonly used (ACGIH, 1991). One case of occupational asthma has been reported following chronic workplace exposure to dioctyl phthalate in a PVC-processing worker (ACGIH, 1991; HSDB, 1997).

Liver damage, increased liver and kidney weights, and growth retardation have been reported in experimental animals (ACGIH, 1991; RTECS, 1997; HSDB, 1997).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

DILUTION -

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).

EMESIS/ NOT RECOMMENDED -

Due to potential esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation, EMESIS SHOULD BE AVOIDED.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL -

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ACUTE

A probable lethal human oral dose is between 0.5 and 15 grams per kilogram, or between one ounce and one quart in a 70-kilogram adult (EPA, 1985).

CARCINOGENICITY - The International Agency for Research on Cancer places di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in its Group 2B classification, indicating that this compound is a possible human carcinogen (IARC, 1982). This compound has produced experimental carcinogenic, tumorigenic, and reproductive effects (Lewis, 1996).

ANIMAL DATA

Intraperitoneal injection of 2 grams of dioctyl phthalate per kilogram was fatal in rats (Mallette & Von Haam, 1952).
LDLo (SKIN) RAT - 4 grams/kg (RTECS , 2001)
LDLo (SKIN) MOUSE - 4 grams/kg (RTECS , 2001)

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ACUTE

Humans have developed mild gastrointestinal disturbances after ingesting 10 milliliters of dioctyl phthalate (Gosselin et al, 1984).
TDLo (ORAL) HUMAN - 143 mg/kg (RTECS , 2001)

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS117-81-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): B2 ; Listed as: Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

B2 : Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Di-sec octyl phthalate

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 4 ; Listed as: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

Category 4 : Substances with carcinogenic potential for which genotoxicity plays no or at most a minor part. No significant contribution to human cancer risk is expected provided the MAK value is observed. The classification is supported especially by evidence that increases in cellular proliferation or changes in cellular differentiation are important in the mode of action. To characterize the cancer risk, the manifold mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis and their characteristic dose-time-response relationships are taken into consideration.

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): R ; Listed as: di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP)

R : RAHC = Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS117-84-0 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor: 1.4x10(-2) per mg/kg-day
RfD: 2x10(-2) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk: 4x10(-4) per mg/L

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS117-84-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS:

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:
ppm = 0.626 x mg/m(3) (IARC, 1982)
1 ppm = 15.94 mg/m(3) (approximately) (HSDB , 2001)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS117-81-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): LRT irr
Molecular Weight: 390.54

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS117-84-0 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS117-81-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS117-84-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS117-81-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Di-sec octyl phthalate
REL:

TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
STEL: 10 mg/m(3)
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH:

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

Ca: NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS117-84-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Di-sec octyl phthalate (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate)
Table Z-1 for Di-sec octyl phthalate (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate):

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS117-84-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS117-84-0 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: DEHP
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Diethylhexyl phthalate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS117-84-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

5000 (2270)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Di-n-octyl phthalate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

5000 (2270)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS117-84-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
P or U series number: U028
Footnote:
Listed as: Diethylhexyl phthalate
P or U series number: U028
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS117-84-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester
P or U series number: U107
Footnote:
Listed as: Di-n-octyl phthalate
P or U series number: U107
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS117-84-0 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS117-81-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS117-84-0 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS117-81-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS117-84-0 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS117-81-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS117-84-0 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS117-81-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS117-84-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Dioctyl Phthalate
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 1

(1) Slightly toxic material. May cause irritation, but only minor residual injury even without treatment. Recognized innocuous materials when used with responsible care.

Flammability Rating (Red): 1

(1) Slightly combustible. Materials that require considerable preheating before ignition can occur. This rating includes most ordinary combustible materials.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

To prevent the formation of violent reactions, dioctyl phthalate should be stored far from strong oxidizers (i.e., bromine, chlorine, and fluorine), strong acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric), strong alkalis, and nitrites (NIOSH , 2000; Sittig, 1991)
During phthalate synthesis, good ventilation is required to minimize the air of alcohol or phthalic anhydride contamination. Some need for skin protection may exist (HSDB , 2000).
Exposed skin should be washed with soap and water (EPA, 1985). Exposed eyes should be flushed with water (EPA, 1985).

STORAGE

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Both isomers of dioctyl phthalate are incompatible with nitrates, strong acids, strong oxidizers and strong alkalis (NIOSH , 2000; Sittig, 1991).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Protective gloves and clothing (including footwear and headgear) should be worn to avoid skin contact with di-n-octyl phthalate. Butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, and Viton are among the types of protective materials recommended for use with this compound (Sittig, 1991).

During synthesis of phthalates, good ventilation is necessary to prevent accumulation of phthalic anhydride or alcohol vapors (EPA, 1985). Some need for skin protection may exist during synthesis operations (EPA, 1985).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Unless wearing full-facepiece respiratory protection, a face shield and splash-proof chemical goggles should be worn when working with liquid di-n-octyl phthalate (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

"Where the potential exists for exposure to di-n-octyl phthalate, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode" (Sittig, 1991).

Wear a canister-type mask and avoid high concentrations of the vapor when working with dioctyl phthalate (OHM/TADS , 2000).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 117-81-7.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Neoprene

North -- Safety 4H

Neoprene series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

North -- Safety 4H

PVC Series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Rubber

North -- Safety 4H

Rubber Series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

GLOVES

Butyl

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Natural Rubber

Montgomery Safety Products

Natural Rubber

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 1823

Degradation Rating: Good (after 30 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Montgomery Safety Products

Neoprene

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <1.0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Wells Lamont Industrial

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): No Breakthrough Time provided
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): No Permeation Rate provided
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)

Neoprene/Natural Rubber

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Two-Tone/NS-53

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Nitrile

Marigold Industrial

315F

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

326Y

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

368R

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CO7B

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CR30

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

G12T

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

ME104

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

U263B/G

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:173 / CAN:459

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:414 / CAN:454

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Montgomery Safety Products

M-Tech

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

North Safety Products

Nitrile Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Wells Lamont Industrial

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): No Breakthrough Time provided
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): No Permeation Rate provided
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Wells Lamont Industrial

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Not Rated
Breakthrough Time (minutes): No Breakthrough Time provided
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): No Permeation Rate provided
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Marigold Industrial 3585 Engineering Drive Suite 200 Box 926090 Norcross, GA 30092 USA Phone: (800) 733-0987 Fax: (800) 786-4564 Toll-Free: (800) 733-0987 Website: http://www.marigoldindustrial.com
Montgomery Safety Products 1117 Marion Avenue, SW Canton, OH 44707 USA Phone: (800) 562-0600 Toll-Free: (800) 562-0600 Website: http://www.montgomerysafety.com Email: gloves@montgomerysafety.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com
Wells Lamont Industrial 6640 W. Touhy Ave. Niles, IL 60714 USA Fax: (847) 647-6943 Toll-Free: (800) 247-3295 Website: http://www.wellslamontindustry.com Email: kmeger@wellslamont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 117-84-0.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Natural Rubber

Montgomery Safety Products

Natural Rubber

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene

Montgomery Safety Products

Neoprene

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <1.0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Nitrile

Montgomery Safety Products

M-Tech

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Marigold Industrial 3585 Engineering Drive Suite 200 Box 926090 Norcross, GA 30092 USA Phone: (800) 733-0987 Fax: (800) 786-4564 Toll-Free: (800) 733-0987 Website: http://www.marigoldindustrial.com
Montgomery Safety Products 1117 Marion Avenue, SW Canton, OH 44707 USA Phone: (800) 562-0600 Toll-Free: (800) 562-0600 Website: http://www.montgomerysafety.com Email: gloves@montgomerysafety.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com
Wells Lamont Industrial 6640 W. Touhy Ave. Niles, IL 60714 USA Fax: (847) 647-6943 Toll-Free: (800) 247-3295 Website: http://www.wellslamontindustry.com Email: kmeger@wellslamont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Normal fire fighting procedures may be used, as this material does not present any health hazards other than those of ordinary combustible materials (EPA, 1985).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS117-81-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS117-84-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Dioctyl Phthalate
Flammability Rating: 1

(1) Slightly combustible. Materials that require considerable preheating before ignition can occur. This rating includes most ordinary combustible materials.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS117-81-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS117-84-0 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Dioctyl Phthalate
Extinguishing Method(s): 2

2: "Water or foam may cause frothing" refers to a situation where materials with a flash point above 212 degrees F (100 degrees C) are burning. Potentially violent frothing can be dangerous to fire fighters near the burning liquid. However, when highly viscous liquids are burning, fire fighters can intentionally cause frothing on the liquid surface to prevent further introduction of oxygen.

Fires involving this compound should be extinguished with carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam (HSDB , 2000; Sittig, 1991). CHRIS (2000) warns that using water or foam on fires involving dioctyl phthalate may cause frothing.

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

OHM/TADS (2000) states that the combustion products of dioctyl phthalate pose no great hazard.

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Isomer not specified: "Explosiveness: stable can react with oxidizing materials" (OHM/TADS , 2000).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Acrid smoke is emitted when dioctyl phthalate is heated to decomposition (HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996).

At high temperatures, dioctyl phthalate may produce irritating vapors (CHRIS , 2000; HSDB , 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Acrid smoke is emitted when dioctyl phthalate is heated to decomposition (HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996).

When water contacts di-n-octyl phthalate, foaming occurs (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Both isomers of dioctyl phthalate are incompatible with nitrates, strong acids, strong oxidizers, and strong alkalis (ILO, 1998; (NIOSH , 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS117-81-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS117-84-0 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Di-sec-octylphthalate
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 75
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS117-84-0 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Dioctyl phthalate, n-
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 15
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 50
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 400
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS117-81-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS117-84-0 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS117-81-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

(Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS117-84-0 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Liquid spills of di-n-octyl phthalate should be absorbed in dry sand, earth, vermiculite, or another absorbant material and deposited in sealed containers. Allow only persons wearing protective clothing near the spill or leak area, which should be ventilated (Sittig, 1991).
Incineration is the recommended disposal method for di-n-octyl phthalate (Sittig, 1991).
- When carried out at a temperature range of 560 to 1600 degrees C and with residence times of 0.1 to 2 seconds, di-n-octyl phthalate is a good candidate for liquid injection incineration. This compound is also a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration or rotary kiln incineration when incineration occurs at temperatures of 450 to 980 degrees C and 820 to 1600 degrees, respectively. The residence time for liquids and gases is in the range of seconds and longer for solids (HSDB , 2000).
- OHM/TADS (2000) suggests that dioctyl phthalate should be burned in paper packaging or sprayed into an incinerator, adding flammable solvent as necessary.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

A widespread and persistent environmental pollutant, dioctyl phthalate is released into the environment during the production and disposal of plastic products for which it is used as a plasticizer. Exposure to the general population occurs mainly through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water or food (especially fish, as well as foods that have been in contact with packing material using dioctyl phthalate) and through the inhalation of contaminated air. Exposure may also occur during blood transfusions if di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate migrates for the polyvinyl chloride blood bag into the blood. (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996). Howard (1989) reports that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate may be a natural product in animals and plants.

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was found in industrially-treated wastewater in the following concentrations (HSDB , 2000):

Aluminum forming - <13,000 parts per trillion
Auto and other laundries - 400 ppb
Coal mining - 940 ppb
Foundries - 1,100 ppb
Ink manufacturing plants - 400 ppb
Water-based paint plants - 12,500 ppb

"Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected in fly ash and fly ash-bottom ash mixtures from municipal solid waste incineration at concentrations of 7 to 95 mcg/kg fly ash and 1,500 to 7,400 mcg/kg fly ash-bottom ash" (HSDB , 2000).

"Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in human adipose tissue at concentrations of 0.30 to 1.15 ppm" (HSDB , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

When released to air, dioctyl phthalate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. In their vapor states, both isomers are degraded by a reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals at a half-life of approximately 18 hours for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and 19 hours for di-n-octyl phthalate (at atmospheric concentrations of 5 x 10(5) hydroxyl radicals per cm). Particulate-phase dioctyl phthalate will be removed from the atmosphere via wet and dry deposition. Wash out by rain appears to be a significant contributor to the removal process (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000).
Di-n-octyl phthalate may be susceptible to direct photolysis as it has a strong ultraviolet absorption band at 274.5 extending beyond 290 nm (HSDB , 2000).
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can be carried for long distances in the troposphere, as indicated by its detection in air over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Howard, 1989).
The atmospheric photolysis half-life for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is estimated to be 3500 to 4800 hours (Howard et al, 1991).
The estimated photooxidation half-life of di(n-ethylhexyl) phthalate in air is between 2.9 and 29 hours (Howard et al, 1991).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- When di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is released to water, it will undergo biodegradation at a half-life of 2-3 weeks following a period of acclimation (no biodegradation occurs in unacclimated systems). A log Koc value of 4 to 5 suggests that this compound will adsorb strongly to sediments and suspended solids in water; BCF data show that bioconcentration may be high in aquatic organisms. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not expected to evaporate from water given its low vapor pressure and Henry's Law constant; the half-life of evaporation from water has been calculated at 15 years (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000).
- Di-n-octyl phthalate is likely to adsorb to sediment when released to water. Based upon its Henry's Law constant (4.5 x 10(-7) atm-m(3)/mol), experimental vapor pressure (2.6 x 10(-6) mmHg), and water solubility (3 mg/L), volatilization is not expected for di-n-octyl phthalate. Bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may be high, but is likely species dependent (HSDB , 2000).
- Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental process; the half-life for this reaction at a pH of 7 is 2000 years for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and 107 years for di-n-octyl phthalate (HSDB , 2000).
- 120 to 550 hours is the estimated half-life for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in surface water (when based upon the unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life) (Howard et al, 1991).
- The estimated unacclimated aqueous anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation half-life suggests that the half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate will range from 240 to 9336 hours (Howard et al, 1991).
- The aqueous photolysis half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is estimated at 3500 to 4800 hours based upon the measured rate of aqueous photolysis for dimethyl phthalate (Howard et al, 1991).
- The photooxidation half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in water is 1056 to 1.4x10(4) hours. This judgment is based upon the measured rate of the reaction with peroxyl radicals in water (Howard et al, 1991).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- When released to soil, dioctyl phthalate is not expected to evaporate or leach into ground water, having a strong tendency to adsorb to sediments. Log Koc values have been calculated at 4 to 5 for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and at less than 5 for di-n-octyl phthalate, which suggests that both isomers will be immobile in soil. Dioctyl phthalate may be subject to biodegradation under aerobic conditions following acclimation, but the data that supports this is limited (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000).
- A scientific judgment based upon unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life suggests that the half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in soil ranges from 120 to 550 hours (Howard et al, 1991).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

Concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in fish/seafood (Howard, 1989):
- Marine fish and shellfish - 10-100 ppb
- processed canned tuna and salmon (Canada )- 40-160 ppb
- fish (Lake Superior) - 0.3-0.7 ppb
Average concentrations of 4.5 ng/g of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were detected in crabs, eels, fish, rays, and shrimp in the open ocean (IATA, 1982).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Bioconcentration Factors for Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000):
- Rainbow Trout - BCF 42-113 - 36 days, whole body
- Fathead Minnow - BCF 155-886 - 56 days, whole body
- Gammarus pseudolimnaeus (scud) - BCF 54-2680 (from dry to wet weight) - 14-21 days, whole body
- Aselius brevicaudus (sowbug) - 14-50 (from dry to wet weight) - 21 days, whole body
- Fish and invertebrates - Log BCF 2-4 (experimental)
- Fathead Minnow - Log BCF 2.93 (experimental)
- Bluegill sunfish - Log BCF 2.06 (experimental)
Ecological magnification factors for 33 days for dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) are reported as follows (OHM/TADS , 2000):
- Algae - 28,500
- Daphnia - 2600
- Fish - 9400
- Snails - 13,600
Ecological magnification factors for 3 days for dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) are reported as follows (OHM/TADS , 2000):
- Algae - 6600
- Daphnia - 9426
- Snails - 438

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES (HSDB , 2000):

For di-n-octyl phthalate:

LC50 - ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS (Channel catfish): 690 mcg/L for 7 days - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - LEPOMIS MICROLOPUS (Redear sunfish): 6.180 mcg/L for 7-8 days - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES (Large mouth bass): 32,900 mcg/L for 7-8D - conditions of bioassay not specified

For di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

EC50 - GYMNODINIUM BREVE GROWTH RATE: 3.1% vol/vol for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - CHIRONOMUS PLUMOSUS (midge): >18,000 mcg/L for 48H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - DAPHNIA MAGNA: 11,000 mcg/L (duration not specified) - static, unmeasured bioassay
LC50 - DAPHNIA MAGNA: 1,000-5,000 mcg/L for 48H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS: >770,000 mcg/L for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - GAMMARUS PSEUDOLIMNAEUS: >32 mg/l for 96H - 21 degrees C; juvenile/static bioassay
LC50 - ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH (coho salmon): >100 mg/L for 96H - 16 degrees C; weight 1.5 g; static bioassay
LC50 - SALMO GAIRDNERI (rainbow trout): >100 mg/L for 96H - 12 degrees C; weight 1.5 g; static bioassay
LC50 - ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS (channel catfish): >100 mg/L for 96H - 20 degrees C; weight 1.5 g; static bioassay
LC50 - LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS (bluegill): >100 mg/L for 96H - 17 degrees C; weight 0.6 g; static
LC50 - RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE (Gymnodinium breve): >10% weight:volume for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - BRINE SHRIMP (palaemonetes pugio): >1 mg/L for 28D - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - SCUD (Gammarus pseudolimnaeus): >32 mg/L for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - DAPNIA MAGNA 9.4: 11 mg/L for 48H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW: >550 mg/L for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified

Isomer not specified:

TLM - SCUD: >32 ppm for 96H - static
TLM - BRINE SHRIMP: >saturation for 24H - static

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

390.56

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Both isomers of dioctyl phthalate are clear to light-colored, oily, and odorless liquids at room temperature (HSDB , 2001) ILO, 1998; (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 1998).

VAPOR PRESSURE

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

1.32 mmHg (at 200 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997).
0.01 kPa (ILO, 1998)
6.45 x 10(-6) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1989)
7.23 x 10(-8) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (from experimentally-derived coefficients) (HSDB , 2000)
9.75 x 10(-6) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)
1.2 mmHg (at 200 degrees C) (Clayton & Glayton, 1994)
<0.01 mmHg (NIOSH , 1999)

Di-n-octyl phthalate: 2.60 x 10(-6) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

Isomer not specified: 0.986 (OHM/TADS , 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: -58 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000)

MELTING POINT

For di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

-46 degrees C (IARC, 1982; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)
-50 degrees C (Clayton & Glayton, 1994; Howard, 1989) ILO, 1998)
-55 degrees C (HSDB , 2001)

For di-n-octyl phthalate:

-25 degrees C (HSDB , 2001)

Isomer not specified:

-30 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)

BOILING POINT

For di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

231 degrees C (at 5 mmHg) (IARC, 1982; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)
220 degrees C (at 0.65 kPa) (Ashford, 1994)
384 degrees C (ILO, 1998)
230 degrees C (at 5 mmHg) (Howard, 1989)
727 degrees F (NIOSH , 2000)

For di-n-octyl phthalate:

220 degrees C (at 4 torr) (HSDB , 2001)

Isomer not specified:

358 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)
386 degrees C; 727 degrees F; 659 degrees K (CHRIS , 2000)

FLASH POINT

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

218 degrees C; 425 degrees F (Lewis, 1997)
215 degrees C; 420 degrees C (open cup) (HSDB , 2001) ILO, 1998; (NIOSH , 2000)
281 degrees C (IARC, 1982)
218.3 degrees C; 425 degrees F (Clayton & Glayton, 1994)

Isomer not specified: 218 degrees C; 425 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: 390 degrees C; 735 degrees F (HSDB , 2001) ILO, 1998)

Isomer not specified: 410 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: 0.3% (by volume) (at 474 degrees F) (NIOSH , 2000)
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: 0.3% in air (ILO, 1998)

UPPER

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: Unknown (NIOSH , 2000)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is insoluble in water (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1997).
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: <0.01% at 25 degrees C (HSDB , 2001; ILO, 1998)
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: 0.3 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1989)
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: 0.285 mg/L (at 24 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: 0.00003% (at 75 degrees C) (NIOSH , 2000)
Di-n-octyl phthalate: 3 mg/L (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2001)
Isomer not specified: 2000 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (OHM/TADS , 2000)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is miscible in mineral oil and hexane (HSDB , 2001; Lewis, 1997).
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride (HSDB , 2001)

OTHER

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is soluble in blood and lipoprotein-containing fluids (HSDB , 2001).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

Log Kow = 5.11 (Howard, 1989)
Log Kow = 7.60 (HSDB , 2001)

Di-n-octyl phthalate: log Kow = 8.10 (HSDB , 2001)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: 2526 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2001)
Di-n-octyl phthalate: 2215 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2001)

Di-n-octyl phthalate: 226 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2001)

MASS

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: 2-708 (Archives of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons) (HSDB , 2001)
Di-n-octyl phthalate: 2142 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons) (HSDB , 2001)

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DIOCTYL PHTHALATE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents