DINOSEB

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C10-H12-N2-O5 (HSDB , 2001; Howard, 1991)
C6H2OH(NO2)2C4H9 (OHM/TADS , 2001)
CH3(C2H5)CHC6H2(NO2)2OH (Lewis, 1997)

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

153-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 1996; EPA, 1985; EPA, 1988; HSDB , 2001; OHM/TADS , 2001)(REPROTOX, 2001;(RTECS , 2001)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

In October 1986, the EPA issued an emergency suspension of all Dinoseb registrations, and a 'Notice of Intent to Cancel' all Dinoseb registrations, based on its ability to induce toxic effects on the human fetus. Dinoseb is banned (EPA, 1990; Schardein, 2000).
Dinoseb was used as a miticide, insecticide, ovicide, and as an herbicide for pre-emergence treatment. When used as an insecticide, it must be applied in the dormant season or in salt form in order to reduce its toxicity (Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb, in ammonium or amine salt form, is used for post-emergence weed control for cereal, undersown cereal, seedling lucerne, and pea crops. Dinoseb, in oil solution, is used for pre-emergence weed control for beans, peas, and potatoes. It is also used to dessicate hops, leguminous seed crops, and potatoes before harvest and to dessicate the runners and suckers of strawberries and raspberries (Hartley & Kidd, 1990; Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb is a component of approximately 180 herbicide formulas used to control broadleaf weeds in crops of alfalfa, almonds, cotton, grapes, peanuts, peas, potatoes, snap beans, and soybeans (EPA, 1990).
Dinoseb can be mixed with inorganic and organic bases to form salts, including some water-soluble salts (Hayes & Laws, 1991).
Dinoseb is used as a plant growth regulator (Sittig, 1991).

FORMS

Dinoseb can be obtained as an aqueous solution, oil solution, or emulsifiable concentrate. Granular and flowable concentrate formulations are also sold (EPA, 1990; Hartley & Kidd, 1990; HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb is marketed as soluble alkanolamine, ammonium, and sodium salts. It is also sold as acetylated phenol and methacrylate ester (HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb has a pungent odor and may be found in the form of yellow or orange crystals, an orange, reddish brown, or dark brown solid, or a red-brown liquid (EPA, 1990; Hartley & Kidd, 1990; HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb solid can be mixed with an emulsifier or wetting agent to prevent it from dissolving in water (OHM/TADS , 2001).
May be in the form of a viscous, orange-brown liquid (Budavari, 1996; Hartley & Kidd, 1990).
Dinoseb may be in the form of monoclinic, dark amber crystals (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

SOURCES

Dinoseb is made by nitration of 2-sec-butylphenol. But-2-ene is reacted with phenol and the 4-alkyl isomer is separated (HSDB , 2001).
Phenol is sulfonated to block p-position, the product undergoes butylation, and a sulfonic group is removed to form Dinoseb (HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb is created by reacting nitric and sulfuric acids with o-sec-butylphenol (HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb is made by nitration of o-s-butylphenol (Ashford, 1994).
Dinoseb is a member of the dinotrophenol family of chemicals (EPA, 1990).
Dinoseb was developed in 1945 by Dow Chemical Company as a herbicide and an insecticide (Hayes & Laws, 1991). All U.S. registrations of Dinoseb were suspended in 1986 (EPA, 1988).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Dinoseb is a dinitro-o-cresol (dinitrophenol) compound. All EPA registrations for these agents were suspended under emergency action to mitigate human exposures in 1986. Dinoseb is extremely toxic to humans. It is absorbed through the skin, gastrointestinal tract and lungs.

Systemic dinoseb poisoning may be manifested by mailaise, lassitude, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest and abdominal pain, marked thirst, anorexia, fatigue, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, shivering, facial flushing, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, respiratory distress, shortnes of breath, hemoptysis, pulmonary edema, cyanosis, muscular cramping, excitement, confusion, insomnia, convulsions, coma and death.
Cerebral involvement is marked by restlessness, anxiety, manic behavior and unconsciousness. Rapid weight loss can occur with exposures of a week or more. Some degree of renal and hepatic injury, with jaundice, may result from poisoning. Dinoseb poisoning may initially be confused clinically with organophosphate or carbamate poisoning.
Dinoseb caused pain and swelling of the eye, with subsequent severe visual impairment for 3 days, after accidental occupational exposure. It caused severe irritation when instilled into rabbit eyes. It may cause yellow staining of skin, nails, hair and sclera, and dermal irritation. Dust inhalation is irritating to the respiratory tract.
Ataxia, weakness, difficulty with locomotion, polypnea, and death have been described in accidentally exposed pets.

The mechanism of acute toxicity is uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation preventing the conversion of ADP to ATP, and resulting in cellular biochemical changes that lead to increased oxygen uptake, increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes to hydrogen ions, and diverting of energy available from metabolism into heat production, which raises body temperature.

Irritating and toxic oxides of nitrogen fumes may be released if dinoseb is heated to decomposition. Inhalation exposure to such fumes would be expected to cause respiratory tract irritation and could lead to bronchospasm, chemical pneumonitis, or noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Based on its acute oral LD50 of 25 mg/kg in rats (RTECS , 1993), dinoseb is a HIGHLY TOXIC substance. Systemic poisoning may occur following ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure (EPA, 1985; Sax & Lewis, 1989; Sax & Lewis, 1987) Fikes et al, 1986; (Smith, 1981; Morgan, 1989).

Dinoseb is a skin irritant and can stain the skin, hair and nails yellow (EPA, 1985; Sax & Lewis, 1987; Smith, 1981; OHM/TADS , 1993; Smith, 1981; Leftwich et al, 1982). It is a severe eye irritant in rabbits (RTECS , 1993; Sax & Lewis, 1989; EPA, 1985), and has caused permanent injury when instilled in the eyes of experimental animals at a concentration of 10 or 20% (Grant, 1986). The sclera may be stained yellow in acute poisoning (Morgan, 1989). Inhalation of the dust is irritating to the respiratory tract, and can cause systemic toxicity (EPA, 1985). Ingestion may burn the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract (HSDB , 1993).

Dinoseb poisoning may initially be confused clinically with organophosphate or carbamate poisoning (Finkel, 1983). Fever with profuse sweating is almost always found in acute dinoseb overexposure (Bidstrup & Payne, 1951; MacBryde & Taussig, 1935). The face may be flushed (EPA, 1985; Fikes et al, 1989; Smith, 1981). Hyperthermia may be sever enough to result in death (Finkel, 1983).

Systemic dinoseb poisoning may be manifested by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, marked thirst, fatigue, diaphoresis, facial flushing, tachycardia, hyperthermia, respiratory distress, cyanosis, restlessness, anxiety, muscular cramping, excitement, convulsions, coma, and death (EPA, 1985; Fikes et al, 1989; Smith, 1981; Morgan, 1989). The stools or urine may be a bright yellow ' color (Smith, 1981). Some degree of renal and hepatic injury may occur (Smith, 1981; Morgan, 1989).

Other effects seen in acute dinoseb poisoning are elevated respiratory rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, reduced respiratory function, personality changes, lethargy, lassitude, confusion, apprehension, and manic behavior (Morgan, 1989; HSDB , 1993; Smith, 1981).

Rapid weight loss can also occur: loss of 10 kg in one week has been described following acute dermal and inhalational dinoseb exposure (Smith, 1981). Dinoseb has been used as an irrational weight loss treatment, but is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for this purpose.

METHEMOGLOBINEMIA has followed administration of dinitro-o-cresol compounds in ruminants (Froslie & Karlog, 1970; Froslie, 1973; Hayes, 1982). This effect has not been reported in exposed humans. Dinitro-o-cresol compounds have also produced glucose intolerance (MacBryde & Taussig, 1935).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chronic exposure to dinoseb is expected to produce symptoms and signs similar to those of acute exposure.

Weight loss may occur in chronically exposed individuals (Morgan, 1989). Chronic poisoning may be seen with the outmoded practice of dinitrophenol administration to induce weight loss. As recently as 1986, weight loss clinics in Texas distributed thousands of doses of dinitrophenol to consumers (Kurt et al, 1986). Skin rash and liver damage have been reported, and in some instances, granulocytopenia and cataracts (Kurt et al, 1986; Finkel, 1983).

Workers exposed to dinoseb together with HEAT suffered severe poisoning (Morgan, 1989).

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

DECONTAMINATION/GENERAL

Systemic poisoning must be treated by controlling body temperature, providing oxygen, maintaining hydration, and relieving agitation. Do not administer atropine, aspirin, or other salicylates to control hyperthermia. These agents seem likely to enhance the toxic effects of phenolic substances (Morgan, 1989).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

The lethal dose for a 150 lb. human is 0.6 teaspoon of Dinoseb. Skin absorption is a consideration (OHM/TADS , 2001).

Dinoseb has been attributed with fatal poisonings in humans (EPA, 1990).

A man committed suicide by ingesting Dinoseb. He suffered convulsions before death. Upon autopsy, the contents of his stomach contained 65% Dinoseb and his blood had a Dinoseb concentration of 72.5 ppm (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

Dinoseb has a probable lethal dose of 5 - 50 mg/kg when administered orally to humans, which equates to between 7 drops and a teaspoon in a 70 kg person. It is extremely toxic (Sittig, 1991).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

The EPA recommends a health advisory of 3.5 mcg/L in water based on Dinoseb's potential teratogenic effects (Sittig, 1991).

Dairy cattle were identified as having potential exposure to Dinoseb via ingestion. A study was conducted in which cattle were fed grain with Dinoseb concentrations of 1 ppm for 14 days, 3 ppm for 17 days, 10 ppm for 15 days, 30 ppm for 14 days, and 100 ppm for 21 days in a row. Milk and cream samples taken from the cattle twice per day were analyzed and not found to contain Dinoseb or its metabolite. The cows' appearance, behavior, milk production, and body weight were not affected (McKellar, 1971).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS88-85-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): D ; Listed as: Dinoseb

D : Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS88-85-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 1x10(-3) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: (Budavari, 2001; OHM/TADS, 2001 RTECS, 2001
- LCLo- (INHALATION)CAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- LDLo- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)RAT:
- TD- (OCULAR)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS88-85-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS88-85-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS88-85-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS88-85-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS88-85-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS88-85-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1000 (454)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Dinoseb
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1000 (454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS88-85-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS88-85-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Dinoseb
P or U series number: P020
Footnote:
Listed as: Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitro-
P or U series number: P020
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS88-85-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Dinoseb
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 1000

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS88-85-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Dinitrobutyl phenol (Dinoseb)
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS88-85-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Dinoseb
Severe Marine Pollutant: No

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS88-85-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Phenol, 2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS88-85-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Dinoseb has a shelf life of at least two years (HSDB , 2001).

HANDLING

Eating, drinking, and smoking should be prohibited in areas where pesticides are handled and used. Workers who handle or use pesticides should wash-up thoroughly before eating, drinking, or smoking (HSDB , 2001).

Contaminated clothing should be promptly removed, bagged, and not returned until it has been thoroughly laundered. Contaminated leather shoes should be discarded (Morgan, 1993).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store in a well ventilated area (OHM/TADS , 2001).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a cool, well-ventilated area that does not get direct sunlight. Do not store in areas where a fire hazard exists (HSDB , 2001).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

In event that Dinoseb is involved in a fire, fire fighters should wear a SCBA and rubber suites, gloves, boots, and hats (OHM/TADS , 2001).

Carefully protect the skin and respiratory tract against contact (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

Keep out of reach of children and away from food and feedstuffs (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

Concurrent exposure to Dinoseb and hot environments increases the severity of worker poisonings (HSDB , 2001).

Dinoseb, even in very small amounts, stains hair, skin, stomach contents, and clothing yellow (Hayes & Laws, 1991; HSDB , 2001).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 88-85-7.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Irritating and toxic oxides of nitrogen may be released if Dinoseb is heated to decomposition temperature (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS88-85-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS88-85-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Irritating and toxic oxides of nitrogen may be released if Dinoseb is heated to decomposition temperature (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Dinoseb is extremely explosive. Attempt to extinguish using flooding quantities of water. If the fire becomes uncontrollable, people should be evacuated to a point at least 5000 feet away (Sittig, 1991).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Irritating and toxic oxides of nitrogen may be released if Dinoseb is heated to decomposition temperature (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Reacts with basic water solutions to form salts (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

Mild steel is corroded by Dinoseb in the presence of water (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

Upon production of Dinoseb, a batch was overheated while drying and decomposed violently (Urben, 1999).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS88-85-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS88-85-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Dinoseb (2-sec-Butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.2
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.6
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 4.5
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 4.5
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS88-85-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS88-85-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Spilled Dinoseb may be adsorbed with carbon or peat (OHM/TADS , 2001).
Dinoseb and other contaminants at a BT-Kemi dumpsite in Sweden were contained by constructing sunken wells, a drainage system, holding ponds for the collected drainage water, a bentonite shield around the outside of the drainage system, and a safety dike between the dumpsite and the river. After these measures were in place, contamination of the river by dumpsite leakage stopped (Solyom, 1983).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Allow liquid mixtures to evaporate and vacuum up the solids. Alternatively, vacuum up the liquid (HSDB , 2001).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Don personal protective equipment before attempting to handle broken containers of Dinoseb. Eliminate ignition sources from the spill area. Place barriers between the spilled Dinoseb and water sources and sewers. Spilled material should be kept wet. Solid Dinoseb should not be swept up (Sittig, 1991).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

RECYCLING/RECLAMATION

Non-combustible Dinoseb containers, that are in good condition, should be triple rinsed and returned to the manufacturer or distributor for re-use. However, if the container is damaged it should be punctured and recycled as scrap metal or landfilled (HSDB , 2001).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Hydrolysis is not a recommended disposal method for Dinoseb (HSDB , 2001).
During clean-up of a BT-Kemi dumpsite in Sweden, herbicides and their components (including Dinoseb) were removed from wastewater using activated carbon treatment. In this example, phenoxy acid concentrations were reduced from 190 mg/L to less than 0.1 mg/L (Solyom, 1983).

BIOREMEDIATION

An experimental study was done in which the addition of a starchy potato processing by-product and flooding of a soil sample with phosphate buffer caused the consumption of oxygen and nitrate from the soil. These anaerobic conditions established an anaerobic microbial consortium that degraded dinoseb completely (Kaake et al, 1992).
During clean-up of a BT-Kemi dumpsite in Sweden, solid wastes were composted in aerated strings. Air was pulled through the compost system and exhaust was deodorized with a humic filter. This method was estimated to cost $10/ton of solid waste (Solyom, 1983).

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Dinoseb may be disposed by liquid injection incineration (650 - 1600 degrees C for 0.1 - 2.0 seconds), rotary kiln incineration (820 - 1600 degrees C for seconds), or fluidized bed incineration (450 - 980 degrees C for seconds) (HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb containers that are combustible should be incinerated in a pesticide approved incinerator, or landfilled (HSDB , 2001).
Incinerate at 1000 degrees C with a minimum contact time of 2 seconds. The incinerator should be fitted with a scrubber for nitrogen oxides (Sittig, 1991).
During clean-up of a BT-Kemi dumpsite in Sweden, concentrated liquid herbicide wastes were incinerated in a cement kiln at a cost of approximately $100/ton (Solyom, 1983).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Birds, mammals, and invertebrates are highly susceptible to the toxicity of Dinoseb (EPA, 1990).

Keep residues out of waters carrying fish (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

Without sufficient holding or detoxification time, release of irrigation ditch water containing Dinoseb could potentially kill salmonids in downstream water (HSDB , 2001).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Dinoseb has a half-life of 4.1 days when it exists as a vapor in the atmosphere and reacts with photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals (Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001).
Dinoseb has a half-life in air of 12.2 - 122 hours based on rate of photooxidation (Howard, 1991).
Dinoseb may be removed from the atmosphere by wet deposition (Howard, 1991).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Dinoseb has a half-life of 14 - 16 days in surface water, where it photodegrades (Howard, 1991).
- Dinoseb may leach into groundwater (EPA, 1990).
- It has a half-life of 1032 - 2952 hours in surface water, based on aerobic soil mineralization data. In ground water the half-life is 96 - 5904 hours based on unacclimated aqueous aerobic, and anaerobic, biodegradation rates (Howard, 1991).
- Dinoseb is unlikely to biodegrade in natural waters (Howard, 1991).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Dinoseb is expected to biodegrade slowly in soil. If it doesn't, it is expected to only weakly adsorb to soils and primarily move into groundwater. On the soil surface, Dinoseb may undergo photolytic degradation (Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001).
- Water-soluble formulations of Dinoseb leach readily in soil (HSDB , 2001).
- Dinoseb may bind strongly to clay soils, especially at low pH (Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001).
- Ignoring surface volatilization, the half-life of Dinoseb in vadose zone sand loam soil is approximately 100 days. Its overall half-life in soil is estimated to be 30 days (Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001).
- Dinoseb has a soil-sorption coefficient (Koc) of 124, which means that it is highly mobile in soil and may leach into groundwater. However, at low pH Dinoseb more readily adsorbs to soil (Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001).
- Dinoseb evaporates from surface soil with a half-life of 26 days ( Howard, 1991; (HSDB , 2001).
- Dinoseb persists in soil for 2 - 6 weeks under normal condition (Hartley & Kidd, 1990).
- It has a half-life in soil of 1032 - 2952 hours based on aerobic soil mineralization data (Howard, 1991).

OTHER

OTHER
- Long term exposure of Dinoseb to biological sewage treatment processes is not expected shorten its degradation time (Howard, 1991).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Dinoseb is expected to undergo photolysis in water (HSDB , 2001).

Under anaerobic conditions, Dinoseb has a half-life of 96 - 360 hours based on anaerobic soil die-away test data (Howard, 1991).

BIODEGRADATION

Dinoseb is unlikely to biodegrade with conventional biological sewage treatment (HSDB , 2001).

It biodegrades aerobically with a half-life of 1032 - 2952 hours based on aerobic soil mineralization data (Howard, 1991).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

Carp exposed to 0.01 mg Dinoseb/L for 15 D did not accumulate the chemical. However, a metabolite was detected at 0.34 mg/kg in the fish (HSDB , 2001).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

68, suggesting that Dinoseb will not readily bioconcentrate (Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001).
Bioconcentration is probably insignificant for Dinoseb (Howard, 1991).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

LC10 - (MULTIPLE) CATFISH FINGERLING: 10 ppm for 48 H (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) CATFISH: 118 ppb for 96 H (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) CHANNEL CATFISH: 0.058 mg/L for 96 H at 12 degrees C - soft, reconstituted water (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) CHANNEL CATFISH: 0.028 - 0.058 mg/L for 96 H at 12 degrees C - soft, reconstituted water (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) COHO SALMON, Yearling: 100 mcg/L for 96 H (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) CUTTHROAT TROUT: 67 mcg/L for 96 H at 10 degrees C (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) FATHEAD MINNOW: 0.088 - 0.15 mg/L for 96 H at 12 degrees C - soft, reconstituted water (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) FATHEAD MINNOW: 0.088 mg/L for 96 H at 12 degrees C - soft, reconstituted water (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (ORAL) JAPANESE QUAIL: 409 ppm for 5 D at age 14 D (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) LAKE TROUT: 44 mcg/L for 96 H at 10 degrees C (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (ORAL) MALLARD: 540 ppm for 5 D at age 10 D (HSDB, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) MOSQUITO FISH: 0.87 ppm -- susceptible (OHM/TADS, 2001)

LC50 - (MULTIPLE) MOSQUITO FISH: 0.96 ppm -- resistant (OHM/TADS, 2001)

LC50 - (ORAL) RING-NECKED PHEASANT: 515 ppm for 5 D at age 10 D (HSDB, 2001)

LC100 - (MULTIPLE) GOLD FISH: 0.4 ppm for 24 H (HSDB, 2001)

LD40 - (MULTIPLE) BROWN SHRIMP: 1 ppm for 24 H - at 28 degrees C (OHM/TADS, 2001)

LD50 - (MULTIPLE) BROWN SHRIMP: 0.48 ppm for 48 H (OHM/TADS, 2001)

LD50 - (ORAL) BIRD, Wild: 7100 mcg/kg (OHM/TADS, 2001; RTECS, 2001)

LD50 - (ORAL) CHICKEN: 26 mg/kg

LD50 - (ORAL) DUCK: 9 mg/kg

LD50 - (MULTIPLE) MALLARD: 27.0 mg/kg - intoxication, slow reaction time, tachypnea, ataxia, ataraxia, goose-stepping ataxia, reluctance to leave water, falling, and sitting; symptoms appeared within 20 minutes and death occurred after 1 to 3 hours. Remissions took up to 1 day (HSDB, 2001).

LD50 - (ORAL) MALLARD, Male: 27.0 mg/kg at age 3 Months (HSDB, 2001)

LD50 - (MULTIPLE) PHEASANT: 26.4 mg/kg - intoxication, slow reaction time, tachypnea, ataxia, ataraxia, goose-stepping ataxia, falling, and sitting; symptoms appeared within 1 -3 hours and death occurred between 1 hour and 1.5 days after exposure. Remissions took up to 1 week (HSDB, 2001).

LD50 - (ORAL) PHEASANT, Male: 26.4 mg/kg at age 4 Months (HSDB, 2001)

NOAEL - (MULTIPLE) GOLD FISH: 0.1 ppm for 24 H (HSDB, 2001)

NON-TOXIC: (MULTIPLE) ALGAE: 2 ppm for 504 H (OHM/TADS, 2001)

TD - (UNKNOWN) WATERFOWL: 22.7 ppm (OHM/TADS, 2001)

TD - (MULTIPLE) OYSTER: 1ppm for 96 H - 44% decrease in shell growth (OHM/TADS, 2001)

TLm - (MULTIPLE) CUTTHROAT TROUT: 0.041 - 1.35 mg/L for 96 H at 10 degrees C (HSDB, 2001)

TOXIC - (MULTIPLE) LIMNAID SNAILS: 5 ppm (OHM/TADS, 2001)

Dinoseb is highly toxic to fish and bees (Hartley & Kidd, 1990).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

240.22

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Dinoseb is a reddish-brown liquid (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1993).

It has also been described as yellow crystals, an orange solid, and as dark amber monoclinic crystals (Hartley & Kidd, 1990; Hayes & Laws, 1991; HSDB , 2001)

Dinoseb is an acidic phenol (HSDB , 2001) Worthing & Walker, 1987).

Soluble in basic solutions suggesting an acidic functionality in the molecule (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).

VAPOR PRESSURE

1 mmHg at 151.1 degrees C (HSDB , 2001)

0.085 mmHg at 20 degrees C (HSDB , 2001)

0.075 mmHg at 20 degrees C (Howard, 1991)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

38-42 degrees C (Budavari, 1996; Hartley & Kidd, 1990; Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001)
42 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2001)
30 - 34 degrees C (EPA, 1990)
37.9 - 39.3 degrees C (Hayes & Laws, 1991)

FLASH POINT

15.6 degrees C (CLOSED CUP); 18.9 degrees C (CLOSED CUP) (HSDB , 2001)

27 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2001)

177 degrees C (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)

184 degrees C (Hartley & Kidd, 1987; HSDB , 1990)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

0.0052 g per 100 g water (HSDB , 2001)
1000 ppm in water at 25 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2001)
In alkali salt form it is highly soluble in water (HSDB , 2001)
52 mg/L at 25 degrees C (Hayes & Laws, 1991; Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001)
It is slightly soluble in water, depending on technical formulation (EPA, 1990; Hayes & Laws, 1991).
52 mg/L in water at 20 degrees C (Hartley & Kidd, 1990)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

48 g per 100 g ethanol (Hartley & Kidd, 1990; HSDB , 2001)
27 g per 100 g n-heptane (Hartley & Kidd, 1990; HSDB , 2001)
Dinoseb is miscible in ethyl ether, toluene, and xylene (HSDB , 2001)
Dinoseb is soluble in most organic solvents (Budavari, 1996).
It is miscible in ethyl ether and xylene, and soluble in ethanol, ethyl alcohol, n-heptane, petroleum oil, and toluene (EPA, 1990; Hartley & Kidd, 1990).
It is readily soluble in organic solvents, spray oil, and alcohol (Hayes & Laws, 1991).

OTHER

Highly soluble in aqueous alkali with formation of salts (Hartley & Kidd, 1987).
Forms salts, some of which are water soluble, with inorganic and organic bases (Worthing & Walker, 1983).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

Log Kow = 3.69 (Howard, 1991)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

5.04 x 10(-4) atm-m(3)/mol (Howard, 1991; HSDB , 2001)

1.82 X 10(-4) atm-m(3)/mol (Ehrenfeld et al, 1986)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.5707 (at 45 degrees C) (Hartley & Kidd, 1987)

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