ACETYLENE TETRABROMIDE

ETHANE, 1,1,2,2-TETRABROMO-

MUTHMANN'S LIQUID

SYMMETRICAL TETRABROMOETHANE

TBE

1,1,2,2-TETRABROMAETHAN (German)

TETRABROMOACETYLENE

1,1,2,2-TETRABROMOETANO (Italian)

TETRABROMOETHANE

s-TETRABROMOETHANE

sym-TETRABROMOETHANE

1,1,2,2-TETRABROMOETHANE

1,1,2,2-TETRABROOMETHAAN (Dutch)

79-27-6(1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane)

KI 8225000

2504-Tetrabromoethane

2504-Acetylene tetrabromide

4941106

CHBr2CHBr2 C2-H2-Br4

159-SUBSTANCES (IRRITATING)(for UN/NA Number2504)

It is used as a solvent, liquid gauge fluid, ore flotation agent, catalyst, polymer additive, and microscopic refractive index liquid (Budavari, 1989; HSDB , 1994; Lewis, 1993).

Acetylene tetrabromide is available as a technical grade material (Budavari, 1989; HSDB , 1994; Lewis, 1993).

Inhalation of vapors or dust is extremely irritating.

May cause burning of eyes and flow of tears.

May cause coughing, difficult breathing and nausea.

Brief exposure effects last only a few minutes.

Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful.

Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures.

DILUTION: If no respiratory compromise is present, administer milk or water as soon as possible after ingestion. Dilution may only be helpful if performed in the first seconds to minutes after ingestion. The ideal amount is unknown; no more than 8 ounces (240 mL) in adults and 4 ounces (120 mL) in children is recommended to minimize the risk of vomiting (Caravati, 2004).

No data were available on the ability of activated charcoal to adsorb acetylene tetrabromide.

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

CHARCOAL DOSE

Move victim to fresh air.

Call 911 or emergency medical service.

Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.

Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.

For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.

Keep victim warm and quiet.

Effects should disappear after individual has been exposed to fresh air for approximately 10 minutes.

Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Concentrations greater than 1 to 2 ppm have an objectionable odor (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Life-threatening liver toxicity developed after inhalation of acetylene tetrabromide vapors for approximately 7.5 hours in one case (Van Haaften, 1969). The threshold for harmful effects in humans is not known.

ETHANOL lowered the intraperitoneal LD50 by a factor of 3.4 in mice, from 443.3 mg/kg to 128.2 mg/kg (Wolff, 1982).

No deaths were seen in rats exposed to near saturated vapors for up to 3 hours, in similarly exposed rabbits for up to 2.5 hours, or in similarly exposed guinea pigs for up to 0.5 hour (HSDB, 1995).

Rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, and a monkey exposed to an airborne concentration of 14 ppm for 7 hours per day for up to 106 days had no fatalities (Hathaway et al, 1991).

NOEL for rats, rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, and a monkey exposed for 108 days was 1 ppm (Hathaway et al, 1991).

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromomethane

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Acetylene tetrabromide

MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

Not Listed

References: Lewis, 1992 RTECS, 1994

CONVERSION FACTORS

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Not Listed

Listed as: Acetylene tetrabromide

REL:

IDLH:

Listed as: Acetylene tetrabromide

Table Z-1 for Acetylene tetrabromide:

Not Listed

Not Listed

Not Listed

Not Listed

Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

Not Listed

Not Listed

Listed as Acetylene tetrabromide

Severe Marine Pollutant: No

Listed as: Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromo-

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Tetrabromoethane

Proper Shipping Name: Tetrabromoethane

UN Number: 2504

Listed as: 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane

Hazard Ratings:

Remove and isolate contaminated clothing or shoes (AAR, 1992). Dispose of by approved methods.

Glass bottles, metal cans, pails, drums, and tanks are the usual shipping containers for acetylene tetrabromide (NFPA, 1991).

Store in a well-ventilated, cool, dry location (NFPA, 1991).

Keep this compound separated from oxidizing materials and alkalies (NFPA, 1991).

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.

Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 159 (ERG, 2004)

This compound is not combustible, but it decomposes at elevated temperatures to liberate flammable and toxic fumes (AAR, 1992; (NFPA, 1991).

When heated, acetylene tetrabromide emits toxic fumes of carbonyl bromide and Br- (HSDB , 1994; Lewis, 1992).

Listed as: 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane

Flammability Rating: 0

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

Water spray, fog or regular foam.

Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.

Do not get water inside containers.

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.

ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Listed as: 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane

Extinguishing Method(s): Not Listed

When heated, acetylene tetrabromide decomposes (at 374 degrees F) and emits toxic fumes of carbonyl bromide and Br- as well as hydrogen bromide and carbon monoxide (HSDB , 1994; Lewis, 1992).

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.

As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

Keep unauthorized personnel away.

Stay upwind.

Keep out of low areas.

Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

Not Listed

Listed as Tetrabromoethane, 1,1,2,2- (Acetylene tetrabromide)

TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.1

TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 6

TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 8

TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 8

Definitions:

Not Listed

IDLH: 8 ppm

Note(s): Not Listed

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 159 (ERG, 2004)

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 159 (ERG, 2004)

Approach release from upwind. Stop the leak if it can be done without inordinate risk. Use an appropriate foam to cover the release as well as to suppress vapors. Control runoff and isolate the discharged compound. Absorb in noncombustible material for disposal (NFPA, 1991).

The area of the spill should be ventilated. The spilled material should be collected for reclamation or absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or like material and disposed of in a sanitary landfill (HSDB , 1994).

Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1994).

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 159 (ERG, 2004)

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 159 (ERG, 2004)

It is not known whether acetylene tetrabromide directly photolyzes. In the atmosphere, the estimated vapor phase half-life is 1.8 months; this is due to hydrogen abstraction by photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (HSDB , 1994).

SURFACE WATER

TERRESTRIAL

OTHER

There is no information on this within the literature. However, utilizing a regression equation and its water solubility, a value for the log BCF of 1.98 was calculated (HSDB , 1994).

No information found at the time of this review.

2.9638 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 1992)

2.964 (Budavari, 1989)

2.964 g/mL (Budavari, 1989)

2.89-3.00 g/mL (Lewis, 1993)

2.97 g/mL (NIOSH, 1994)

minus 1 degree C (Lewis, 1992)

32 degrees F (NIOSH, 1994)

0.1 degree C (Lewis, 1993)

0 degrees C (Budavari, 1989) NIOSH, 1994)

It is insoluble in water (Budavari, 1989).

0.065 g/100 mL water (at 30 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

0.28 g/100 g water (at 80 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

0.07% (% by weight) (NIOSH, 1994)

Acetylene tetrabromide is miscible with alcohol, ether, chloroform, glacial acetic acid, acetone, benzene, and aniline (Budavari, 1989; HSDB , 1994).

SADTLER REFERENCE NUMBER: 1465 (Prism); 247 (Grating) (HSDB , 1994)

5708 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 1994)

49.67 dynes/cm (at 20 degrees C) (in contact with air) (HSDB , 1994)

1.6353 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)