DIMETHYLANILINE

N,N-dimethylaniline is used as a raw material in the manufacture of dye stuffs, vannillin, and Michler's ketone, as a solvent, a reagent in methylation reactions, as a hardner in fiberglass reinforced resins, and as a rubber vulcanizing agent. It is also employed as an acid scavenger or acceptor in the manufacture of semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins(ACGIH, 1991b; Bingham et al, 2001a; ITI, 1995; NTP , 2002).

FORMS

N,N-Dimethlyaniline exists as a pale-yellow to brownish-amber, oily liquid (Bingham et al, 2001a; HSDB, 2002; NTP , 2002). The liquid will turn brown on exposure to air ((ICSC, 2002)).

SOURCES

N,N-Dimethylaniline may be produced using the following methods: heating aniline, methanol, and sulfuric acid under pressure, and conversion of the resulting sulfate to the free base using sodium hydroxide; heating aniline, aniline hydrochloride, and methanol (free form acetone) in an autoclave and distilling; passing dimethyl ether and aniline vapor over activated aluminum oxide (at 230-295 degrees C) (Budavari, 2000; HSDB, 2002).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

N,N - dimethylaniline health effects are similar to those of aniline. It is rapidly absorbed by all routes and induces methemoglobinemia. Acute exposure may produce headache, dizziness, weakness, seizures and central nervous system depression. Cyanosis secondary to respiratory depression or methemoglobinemia is also possible. Symptoms of methemoglobinemia include cyanosis, headache, dizziness, weakness, lethargy, loss of coordination, dyspnea, coma, and death. A Heinz-body hemolytic crisis may follow the development of methemoglobinemia by 2 to 7 days. Heart, liver, and kidney effects may be secondary to hemolysis.

N,N - dimethylaniline is a skin and eye irritant. Ocular exposure may cause redness and pain.

Additional signs and symptoms of exposure may include labored breathing, photophobia, visual disturbances, sluggish pupillary reaction, tinnitus, speech disturbances, anorexia, nausea, colicky pain, muscle pain, faintness, paresthesias, tremor, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart block.

Heart, kidney, and liver damage may occur, possibly as secondary effects of hemolysis.

At the time of this review, no information was found on the carcinogenic effects in humans. The EPA does not have a carcinogenicty rating for N,N - dimethylaniline. The IARC classifies N,N - dimethylaniline in Group 3: Unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans. ACGIH places N,N - dimethylaniline in category A4: not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

The fetus may be at special risk from methemoglobinemia.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Dimethylaniline can burn the skin and eyes (HSDB). It can be absorbed in fatal amounts through the skin and lungs (EOHS, 1982), as well as by ingestion. CNS DEPRESSION and METHEMOGLOBINEMIA constitute its major acute toxic manifestations.

As a CNS depressant, dimethylaniline can produce symptoms of headache, nausea, weakness, dizziness, loss of coordination and judgement, coma, and death from respiratory failure.

Similar to ANILINE, dimethylaniline is a potent inducer of METHEMOGLOBIN. Methemoglobinemia produces symptoms of oxygen deprivation, including CYANOSIS, increased pulse and respiratory rates, heavy breathing, and convulsions. With dimethylaniline exposure, the onset of obvious symptoms of methemoglobinemia can be delayed (HSDB).

OXYGEN THERAPY DOES NOT RELIEVE HYPOXIA CAUSED BY METHEMOGLOBINEMIA. IF ANY

OF THESE SYMPTOMS ARE APPARENT, OR IF HEAVY EXPOSURE TO DIMETHYLANILINE IS KNOWN TO OCCUR, SEE A DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY. ANTIDOTAL TREATMENT IS INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF METHYLENE BLUE UNDER MEDICAL SUPERVISION.

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Few data are available about long-term dimethylaniline exposure. Rats exposed to this compound by inhalation for 100 days developed CNS, blood, and liver effects, and increased levels of methemoglobin (Markosyan, 1969). In another study, rats developed anemia, alterations in blood pigment metabolism, and methemoglobinemia (Slyusar et al, 1972).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles), as defined by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), should be used when working with this chemical. Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection.

Contact lens use is not recommended when working with this chemical. If contact lenses are worn, then appropriate eye and face protection devices must be used. OSHA emphasizes that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers.

DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration . Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Blood, kidneys, liver, and cardiovascular system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007; Chemsoft(R) , 2000).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy.
METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg.
Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy.
METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg.
Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation and seizures, DO NOT induce emesis.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
METHEMOGLOBINEMIA: Determine the methemoglobin concentration and evaluate the patient for clinical effects of methemoglobinemia (ie, dyspnea, headache, fatigue, CNS depression, tachycardia, metabolic acidosis). Treat patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia with methylene blue (this usually occurs at methemoglobin concentrations above 20% to 30%, but may occur at lower methemoglobin concentrations in patients with anemia, or underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders). Administer oxygen while preparing for methylene blue therapy.
METHYLENE BLUE: INITIAL DOSE/ADULT OR CHILD: 1 mg/kg IV over 5 to 30 minutes; a repeat dose of up to 1 mg/kg may be given 1 hour after the first dose if methemoglobin levels remain greater than 30% or if signs and symptoms persist. NOTE: Methylene blue is available as follows: 50 mg/10 mL (5 mg/mL or 0.5% solution) single-dose ampules and 10 mg/1 mL (1% solution) vials. Additional doses may sometimes be required. Improvement is usually noted shortly after administration if diagnosis is correct. Consider other diagnoses or treatment options if no improvement has been observed after several doses. If intravenous access cannot be established, methylene blue may also be given by intraosseous infusion. Methylene blue should not be given by subcutaneous or intrathecal injection. NEONATES: DOSE: 0.3 to 1 mg/kg.
Concomitant use of methylene blue with serotonergic drugs, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), triptans, and ergot alkaloids may increase the risk of potentially fatal serotonin syndrome.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

HUMAN

The lowest lethal dose reported for humans is 50 mg/kg (ACGIH, 1991; RTECS , 2002).
N,N-dimethylaniline may pose a greater risk to newborns than to adults (HSDB , 2002).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

HUMAN

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.
RfD = 2x10(-3) mg/kg/day (IRIS, 1998)

ANIMAL STUDIES

Rats survived an eight hour exposure to concentrated N,N-dimethylaniline vapor (the concentration was not specified) (Hathaway et al, 1996).
Significant changes in the central nervous system, blood, and liver (including changes in the correlation of muscle antagonist chronaxy, a reduced number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, increased methemoglobin level, reticulocytosis, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, a reduced sulfhydryl group content in the serum, and accumulation of pyruvic acid in the liver and serum) were observed in rats exposed to N,N-dimethylaniline vapor at 0.3 mg/cu(3) for 24 hours/day for 100 days. However, exposure under the same conditions to a concentration level of 0.005 mg/cm(3) did not affect the above perimeters (HSDB , 2002).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS121-69-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Dimethylaniline

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: N-N-Dimethylaniline
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline
MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 3B ; Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline

Category 3B : Substances for which in vitro or animal studies have yielded evidence of carcinogenic effects that is not sufficient for classification of the substance in one of the other categories. Further studies are required before a final decision can be made. A MAK value can be established provided no genotoxic effects have been detected. (Footnote: In the past, when a substance was classified as Category 3 it was given a MAK value provided that it had no detectable genotoxic effects. When all such substances have been examined for whether or not they may be classified in Category 4, this sentence may be omitted.)

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS121-69-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 2x10(-3) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

References: Bingham et al, 2001 Budavari, 2000 HSDB, 2002 (IRIS, 1998; Lewis, 2000 NTP, 2001; RTECS, 2002
- LOAEL- (ORAL)MOUSE:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Bingham et al, 2001 Budavari, 2000 HSDB, 2002 (IRIS, 1998; Lewis, 2000 NTP, 2001; RTECS, 2002
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD- (SUBCUTANEOUS)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- LDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TD- (ORAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

1 mg/m(3) = 0.20 ppm (Verschueren, 2001)
1 ppm = 4.96 mg/m(3) (at 68 degrees F and 760 mmHg) (NIOSH , 2002)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS121-69-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Dimethylaniline

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 ppm
TLV-STEL: 10 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: BEI(M), Skin
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.
BEI(M): The BEI notation is listed when a BEI is also recommended for the substance listed. Biological monitoring should be instituted for such substances to evaluate the total exposure from all sources, including dermal, ingestion, or non-occupational. Substances identified as Methemoglobin Inducers (for which methemoglobin is the principal cause of toxicity) are part of this notation.
Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): MeHb-emia
Molecular Weight: 121.18

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS121-69-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS121-69-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline
REL:

TWA: 5 ppm (25 mg/m(3))
STEL: 10 ppm (50 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: [skin]

Indicates the potential for dermal absorption; skin exposure should be prevented as necessary through the use of good work practices and gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other appropriate equipment.

Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 100 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS121-69-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Dimethylaniline (N,N-Dimethylaniline)
Table Z-1 for Dimethylaniline (N,N-Dimethylaniline):

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 5

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 25

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: Yes
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS121-69-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS121-69-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS121-69-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS121-69-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS121-69-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS121-69-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS121-69-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS121-69-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2253 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: N,N-Dimethylaniline

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2253
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB1, T7, TP2

IB1: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 60 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2253 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: N,N-Dimethylaniline
UN Number: 2253

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS121-69-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 3

(3) Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

Personnel working with or around N,N-dimethylaniline should wear appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment, including safety goggles and adequate respiratory protection (NIOSH , 2002; Sittig, 1991).
Avoid bodily contact with N,N-dimethylaniline. Avoid breathing its vapors (AAR, 2000; HSDB , 2002; Sittig, 1991).
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical (NIOSH , 2002).

HANDLING

Personnel working with or around N,N-dimethylaniline should wear appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment, including safety goggles and adequate respiratory protection (NIOSH , 2002; Sittig, 1991).

Skin that becomes contaminated should be washed immediately. Contaminated clothing should be removed and replaced (HSDB , 2002; NIOSH , 2002).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

N,N-Dimethylaniline will attack some plastics, rubber, and coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Protect N,N-dimethylaniline from exposure to air and light. Store it under refrigerated temperatures in a well-ventilated area (HSDB , 2002) NTP, 2001).
Store away from oxidizers (Sittig, 1991).
Emergency showers or quick-drench facilities should be provided in areas where the possibility of exposure to N,N-dimethylaniline exists (HSDB , 2002; Sittig, 1991).
Local exhaust ventilation is recommended for areas where point source emissions to N,N-dimethylaniline exist (HSDB , 2002).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

N,N-dimethylaniline reacts explosively on contact with dibenzoyl peroxide or diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate. It is incompatible with strong acids; contact may cause violent spattering (Lewis, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).
- Solid dibenzoyl peroxide exploded on contact with a single drop of N,N-dimethylaniline (Urben, 1999).
N,N-Dimethylaniline will attack some plastics, rubber, and coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

N,N-dimethylaniline may cause eye irritation and can be absorbed through the skin. Personnel working around or near N,N-dimethylaniline should wear personal protective clothing and equipment to prevent skin and eye contact (AAR, 2000) ICSC, 1998; NTP, 2001).

Avoid bodily contact with N,N-dimethylaniline. Avoid breathing its vapors (AAR, 2000; HSDB , 2002; Sittig, 1991). Do not handle broken or damaged packages unless clothed in appropriate chemical protective clothing (AAR, 2000).

If Tyvek-type (DuPont) disposable clothing is not worn when this chemical is handled, Tyvek-type sleeves should be taped to the gloves (NTP, 2001).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Safety goggles or other adequate eye protection should be worn to prevent contact of this chemical with the eye (NIOSH , 2002).

Contact lenses should not be worn while working with N,N-dimethylaniline (NIOSH , 2002).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

N,N-dimethylaniline is toxic via inhalation. Adequate respiratory protection should be worn at all times when working with this chemical (AAR, 2000; NIOSH , 2002).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 121-69-7.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.13
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.13
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.013
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

ENGINEERING CONTROLS

Local exhaust ventilation is recommended for areas where point source emissions to N,N-dimethylaniline exist (HSDB , 2002).

Emergency showers or quick-drench facilities should be provided in areas where the possibility of exposure to N,N-dimethylaniline exists (HSDB , 2002; Sittig, 1991).

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
N,N-dimethylaniline is a combustible liquid that should not be used or stored near sources of ignition or strong oxidizers (AAR, 2000) ICSC, 1998; (Lewis, 2000).
When N,N-dimethylaniline is heated, as when involved in a fire, its vapors may form explosive mixtures with air (HSDB, 2004).
Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS121-69-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline
Flammability Rating: 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS121-69-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: N,N-Dimethylaniline
Extinguishing Method(s): 5

5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.

When N,N-dimethylaniline is on fire, use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide to extinguish (AAR, 2000) ICSC, 1998; (Lewis, 2000) NTP, 2001). Wear adequate respiratory protection when fighting fires involving this chemical to minimize exposure to the toxic fumes emitted when it is heated to decomposition (HSDB, 2004).

If material from a leaking container of N,N-dimethylaniline is on fire, do not extinguish the fire unless the flow can be stopped (AAR, 2000).

If containers of N,N-dimethylaniline are involved in a fire, but are not directly on fire, cool them by spraying with water in flooding quantities (AAR, 2000) ICSC, 1998).

Run-off water from fire-fighting should be contained and prevented from entering sewers or water sources, as it is toxic to the environment and harmful to aquatic organisms (AAR, 2000; HSDB, 2004) ICSC, 1998).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, N,N-dimethylaniline emits highly toxic fumes of aniline and oxides of nitrogen (ICSC, 1998; (Lewis, 2000) NTP, 2001).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Explosions may result when N,N-dimethylaniline comes into contact with dibenzoyl peroxide or diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate (Lewis, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Vapors of heated N,N-dimethylaniline may form explosive mixtures with air (AAR, 2000; HSDB, 2004) ICSC, 1998). Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Solid dibenzoyl peroxide exploded on contact with a single drop of N,N-dimethylaniline (Urben, 1999).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Vapors of N,N-dimethylaniline are toxic by inhalation. Acute inhalation of N,N-dimethylaniline vapors has resulted in symptoms similar to those caused by exposure to aniline: depression of the central nervous and circulatory systems; headache; cyanosis; dizziness; dysnpea; paralysis; and convulsions (HSDB, 2004) NTP, 2001; UATW, 2001).

The U.S. EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards has assigned N,N-dimethylaniline vapor a composite rating of 21, based upon its chronic toxicity (scores range from 1 to 100, with 100 being the most toxic) (UATW, 2001).

Avoid breathing vapors of this chemical (AAR, 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

N,N-dimethylaniline reacts explosively on contact with dibenzoyl peroxide or diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate. It is incompatible with strong acids; contact may cause violent spattering (Lewis, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

Solid dibenzoyl peroxide exploded on contact with a single drop of N,N-dimethylaniline (Urben, 1999).

N,N-Dimethylaniline will attack some plastics, rubber, and coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

This compound is toxic by inhalation and dermal contact; adequate personal protective clothing and equipment, including respiratory protection, should be worn when the possibility of exposure exists. Avoid breathing its vapors (AAR, 2000; HSDB, 2004).

Relocate any persons suffering from exposure to N,N-dimethylaniline to an area of fresh air, and provide artificial respiration or oxygen as needed (AAR, 2000; HSDB, 2004).

Remove and contain any contaminated clothing or equipment at the site. In case of eye or dermal contact with N,N-dimethylaniline, flush affected area(s) with excess amounts of water for at least 15 minutes (AAR, 2000).

Do not reenter a contaminated area until it has been properly decontaminated (NTP, 2001).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS121-69-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS121-69-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Dimethylaniline, N,N-
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 5
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 10
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 10
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 100
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS121-69-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS121-69-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 100 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 153 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection. fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Restrict persons not wearing adequate personal protective clothing and equipment from the area of the spill or leak. Remove all sources of ignition and, if possible, ventilate the area of the spill or leak (AAR, 2000) NTP, 2001; (Sittig, 1991).
Along with chemical protective clothing to prevent bodily contact, positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus should be worn when responding to a N,N-dimethylaniline spill or leak (AAR, 2000; HSDB, 2004).
Do not handle damaged or leaking containers of N,N-dimethylaniline unless wearing adequate protective clothing (HSDB, 2004).
Prevent spilled material from entering waterways, sewers, or confined areas (HSDB, 2004).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or other holding area to contain spilled N,N-dimethylaniline liquid. Dike the surface flow with soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane or foamed concrete (AAR, 2000).
Cover spilled liquid with a mixture of nine parts sand (or dry earth, cement powder, commercial sorbents, or other non-combustible absorbent material) to one part soda ash; deposit mixture in sealed container for later disposal (AAR, 2000; HSDB, 2004; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).
While wearing appropriate chemical protective clothing, absorb the spilled liquid using absorbent paper; seal the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight container for later disposal. Solvent wash contaminated surfaces with 60 to 70 percent ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution (NTP, 2001).
For spills that occur in water, control travel of N,N-dimethylaniline using natural barriers or oil spill control booms. Use suction hoses to remove trapped spill material (AAR, 2000).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or other holding area to contain spilled N,N-dimethylaniline liquid. Dike the surface flow with soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane or foamed concrete (AAR, 2000).
Cover spilled liquid with a mixture of nine parts sand (or dry earth, cement powder, commercial sorbents, or other non-combustible absorbent material) to one part soda ash; deposit mixture in sealed container for later disposal (AAR, 2000; HSDB, 2004; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).
For spills that occur in water, control travel of N,N-dimethylaniline using natural barriers or oil spill control booms. Use suction hoses to remove trapped spill material (AAR, 2000).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Activated carbon may be used to concentrate N,N-dimethylaniline from wastewater streams (HSDB, 2004).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

BIOREMEDIATION

Mixed municipal/industrial activated sludge removed from 0-3% of N,N-dimethylaniline after 6 hours of exposure at a test concentration of 20 mg/L (HSDB, 2004; Verschueren, 2001).
Adapted sludge removed 22 percent of N,N-dimethylaniline after 5 days of exposure (initial test concentration not specified) (Verschueren, 2001).

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Incineration is a suggested method for disposal of N,N-dimethylaniline (HSDB, 2004; ITI, 1995).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

N,N-dimethylaniline is released to the environment through various wastestreams due to its use in the manufacture of dyes, chemical intermediates, solvents, and vanillin (HSDB, 2004). It has been detected in ambient water and soil samples collected near industrial facilities ((IARC, 1997)).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

N,N-dimethylaniline will exist exclusively in a vapor phase if released to the atmosphere. It will degrade through reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl and ozone radicals; night-time reaction with nitrate radicals may also contribute to its degradation (HSDB, 2004).
The rate constant for the reaction of vapor-phase N,N-dimethylaniline with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere is 1.48 x 10(-10) cm(3)/molecule-sec (at 25 degrees C). At an atmospheric concentration of 5 x 10(5) hydroxyl radicals, this corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of approximately 2.6 hours (HSDB, 2004).
- The estimated half-life of N,N-dimethylaniline's reaction with ozone is 29.4 hours (HSDB, 2004).
N,N-dimethylaniline's half-life in the atmosphere is estimated to be between 2.7 and 21 hours. This is based upon its photooxidation half-life (Howard et al, 1991).
Direct photolysis in sunlight environments may be of importance in the environment (HSDB, 2004).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- In water, N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to adsorb slightly to sediment and suspended solids. Volatilization from water surfaces and moist soil surfaces is expected to be a significant fate process for the neutral species; the protonated form does not volatilize (HSDB, 2004).
- N,N-dimethylaniline's half-life in surface water is estimated to be between 19.3 hours (0.8 days) and 1925 hours (80.2 days). Its photooxidation half-life in water is estimated at 9.6 hours to 1925 hours (80.2 days) (HSDB, 2004; Howard et al, 1991).
- In surface waters, the volatilization half-lives for N,N-dimethylaniline in a model river and lake are 12 hours and 9.5 days, respectively (HSDB, 2004).
GROUND WATER
- In groundwater, its half-life is estimated to be between 1344 hours (8 weeks) and 8640 hours (1 year) (Howard et al, 1991).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- N,N-dimethylaniline is expected to have moderate mobility in soil (estimated Koc = 182). In moist soils, it will exist partially in the protonated form and bind tightly to soil surfaces. Volatilization from soil surfaces is expected to be significant in moist (but not dry) soils (HSDB, 2004).
- N,N-dimethylaniline's half-life in soil is estimated to be between 672 hours (4 weeks) and 4320 hours (6 months) (Howard et al, 1991).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

N,N-dimethylaniline will likely be moderately mobile in soil (estimated organic carbon partition coefficient, Koc = 182). It will partially exist as a protonated compound in moist soils, binding tightly to soil particle surfaces. However, volatilization from water surfaces and moist soil surfaces is expected to be the significant fate mechanism for the non-protonated neutral form. It adsorbs somewhat to aquatic sediment and suspended solids. Vapor phase N,N-dimethylaniline degrades in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl and ozone radicals, as well as night-time reaction with nitrate radicals. Direct photolysis may also be important in conditions allowing sunlight exposure (HSDB, 2004).

BIODEGRADATION

N,N-dimethylaniline is not thought to be readily biodegradable in either unacclimated soil or water. However, some studies indicate that acclimated inocula may be capable of biodegrading this chemical (HSDB, 2004).

A study comparing a microbial population acclimated to N,N-dimethylaniline to one that was not, found that after 7 days of exposure, 72 percent of the N,N-dimethylaniline remained in the test environment with the non-acclimated microbes, while only 0.15 percent of the N,N-dimethylaniline remained in the soil column with the acclimated microbes (HSDB, 2004).
Mixed municipal/industrial activated sludge removed from zero to three percent of N,N-dimethylaniline after six hours of exposure at a test concentration of 20 mg/L (HSDB, 2004; Verschueren, 2001).
Adapted sludge removed 22 percent of N,N-dimethylaniline after 5 days of exposure (initial test concentration not specified) (Verschueren, 2001).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

The bioconcentration of N,N-dimethylaniline in aquatic organisms is expected to be low, based on its bioconcentration factors (BCF) of 3 to 13 (HSDB, 2004).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Values are from (Verschueren, 2001), unless otherwise noted.

LC50 - (WATER) CARASSIUS AURATUS: 69 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) CHAETOGAMMARUS MARINUS: 85 mg/L for 24H
LC50 - (WATER) CHAETOGAMMARUS MARINUS: 61 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) CHAETOGAMMARUS MARINUS: 38 mg/L for 96H
LC50 - (WATER) CYPRINUS CARPIO: 69 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA: 5 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) ORYZIAS LATIPES: 78 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) ORYZIAS LATIPES: 76 mg/L for 48H
LC50 - (WATER) PIMEPHALES PROMELAS (Fathead Minnow): 66 mg/L for 96H
LC50 - (WATER) PIMEPHALES PROMELAS (Fathead Minnow): 78.2 mg/L for 96H - flowthrough bioassay at 23.4 degrees C, confidence limit 74.2 to 82.4 mg/L, hardness 43.5 mg/L calcium carbonate, alkalinity 43.4 mg/L calcium carbonate, dissolved oxygen 7.0 mg/L, pH 7.38(HSDB, 2004)
LC50 - (WATER) PIMEPHALES PROMELAS (Fathead Minnow): 52.6 g/L for 96H - flowthrough bioassay at 25.3 degrees C, hardness 43.5 mg/L calcium carbonate, alkalinity 46.0 mg/L calcium carbonate, dissolved oxygen 5.9 mg/L, pH 7.63 (HSDB, 2004)
EC100 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA: 40 mg/L for 24H
LC50 - (WATER) TUBIFEX (worm): 200 to 360 mg/L for 48H
EC50 - (WATER) DAPHNIA MAGNA: 13 mg/L for 24H
EC50 - (WATER) PIMEPHALES PROMELAS (Fathead Minnow): 75.2 g/L for 96H - flowthrough bioassay at 23.4 degrees C, confidence limit 70.1 to 80.7 mg/L, hardness 43.5 mg/L calcium carbonate, alkalinity 43.4 mg/L calcium carbonate, dissolved oxygen 7.0 mg/L, pH 7.38 -- loss of equilibrium (HSDB, 2004)
EC50 - (WATER) SCENEDESMUS SUBSPICATUS: 340 mg/L for 96H
EC10 - (WATER) SCENEDESMUS SUBSPICATUS: 210 mg/L for 96H
EC50 - (WATER) TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS: 110 mg/L for 24H
NOEC - (WATER) CHAETOGAMMARUS MARINUS: 10 mg/L for 96H

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

121.18

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

N,N-Dimethlyaniline exists as a pale-yellow to brownish-amber, oily liquid (Bingham et al, 2001; HSDB , 2002) NTP, 2001). It possesses a pungent, fish- or amine-like odor (AAR, 2000; Bingham et al, 2001; NIOSH , 2002).

VAPOR PRESSURE

<1 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

1 mmHg (at 29.5 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000) NTP, 2001)

1.1 mmHg (at 30 degrees C) (Verschueren, 2000)

0.5 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Verschueren, 2000)

67 Pa (ILO , 1998)

1 mmHg (NIOSH , 2002)

0.70 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.9557 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000) NTP, 2001)

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

0.956 (at 20/4 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2000)
0.95 - 0.96 (ITI, 1995)
0.956 (ILO , 1998)
0.954 (Lewis, 2001)
0.95 - 1.0 (NFPA, 2002a)
0.96 (NIOSH , 2002)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.9557 g/cm(3) (at 20 degrees C) (Bingham et al, 2001)
0.96 kg/L (at 20 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994) Verschueren, 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

36 degrees F (NIOSH, 2002)

MELTING POINT

2 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Budavari, 2000; ITI, 1995; Verschueren, 2000)
2.45 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991a; Bingham et al, 2001a; NTP , 2002)
2.5 degrees C (HSDB, 2002; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 2000a; Lewis, 2001a)

BOILING POINT

192-194 degrees C (Budavari, 2000)

192.5 degrees C (Bingham et al, 2001)

192.8 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

194 degrees C (ITI, 1995) NTP, 2001; (Sittig, 1991)

193.1 degrees C (Lewis, 2000)

194 - 195 degrees C (Ashford, 1994) Verschueren, 2000)

192.5 - 193.5 degrees C (Lewis, 2001)

379 degrees F (193 degrees C) (NFPA, 1997)

378 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)

77 degrees C (at 13 mmHg) (NTP, 2001)

193.54 degrees C (HSDB , 2002)

FLASH POINT

61 degrees C (Budavari, 2000; ITI, 1995)

62.78 degrees C (closed cup) (ACGIH, 1991)

76.67 degrees C (open cup) (ACGIH, 1991)

145 degrees F (62.7 degrees C) (closed cup) (Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 2001)

150 degrees F (AAR, 2000)

62 degrees C (ILO , 1998)

63 degrees C (145 degrees F) (NFPA, 1997; Pohanish & Greene, 1997)

63 - 74 degrees C (Sittig, 1991)

142 degrees F (NIOSH , 2002)

62.7 degrees C; 145 degrees F (NTP, 2001)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

371.11 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

371 degrees C (ILO , 1998; ITI, 1995; NFPA, 1997)

700 degrees F (370 degrees C) (Lewis, 2000; Lewis, 2001; NFPA, 1997) NTP, 2001)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

1 percent (ACGIH, 1991)

UPPER

20 - 25 percent (Lewis, 2000)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Insoluble in water (AAR, 2000; ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2000; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2001)
Slightly soluble in water (Bingham et al, 2001; ILO , 1998; NFPA, 1997)
1,200 mg/L (at 20 degrees C) (Verschueren, 2000)
2 percent (NIOSH , 2002)
<1 mg/mL (at 21 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)
1454 ppm (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)
1450 mg/L (HSDB , 2002)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform, and ether (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 2000; ITI, 1995; Lewis, 2001) NTP, 2001)
Soluble in acetone, benzene, and other organic solvents (ACGIH, 1991) NTP, 2001)
Soluble in oxygenated, chlorinated, and aromatic solvents (Ashford, 1994; ITI, 1995)
Soluble in ethanol and ether (Bingham et al, 2001)
DMSO: >=100 mg/mL (at 20 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)
95% ETHANOL: >=100 mg/mL (at 20 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)
ACETONE: >=100 mg/mL (at 20 degrees C) (NTP, 2001)

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 2.31 (HSDB , 2002)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

5.7x10(-5) atm-m(3)/mole (HSDB , 2002)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

6951 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

3 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

MASS

490 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 2002)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

0.013 ppm (ACGIH, 1991)

SURFACE TENSION

3.83x10(-3) (at 2.5 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

CRITICAL PRESSURE

3.63x10(3) kPa (HSDB , 2002)

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

414 degrees C (HSDB , 2002)

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

7.14 eV (NIOSH , 2002)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

1 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2002)

VISCOSITY

1.89x10(-3) Pa.s (at 2.5 degrees C) (HSDB , 2002)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents