DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (DMSO)

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

DESIGNATIONS

NSC NUMBER:763

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C2-H6-O-S

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

128-FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR / WATER-IMMISCIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(HSDB , 1994; OHM/TADS , 1994; RTECS , 1994)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

MEDICAL USES

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is indicated for the symptomatic relief of interstitial cystitis (Prod Info RIMSO-50(R) intravesical irrigant, 2012).
Dimethylsulfoxide is also used for extravasation caused by amsacrine, cisplatin, dactinomycin, mitomycin, and MitoXANTRONE (Gippsland Oncology Nurses Group, 2010; Wengstrom et al, 2008). Limited availability in the US (Schulmeister, 2011).

INDUSTRIAL USES

Dimethyl sulfoxide is used as a solvent for acetylene, sulfur dioxide and other gases; in organic reactions; as antifreeze or hydraulic fluid when mixed with water; as a solvent for Orlon; and as a paint and varnish remover. It dissolves some hydrocarbons more than others (Budavari, 1996).
It is also used as a metal-complexing agent; as a solvent for polymerization and cyanide reactions; as an analytical reagent; for spinning polyacrylonitrile and other synthetic fibers; in industrial cleaners, pesticides, and paint stripping; and in hydraulic fluids (Lewis, 1993).
Products intended for industrial use may be contaminated with trace amounts of heavy metals, especially lead.

VETERINARY USES

A 90% w/w gel is available for topical treatment of muscle and joint pains in dogs and horses. It is also available (60% w/v) mixed with fluocinolone acetonide as a otic preparation for treatment of chronic otitis in dogs (Luery et al, 1984).

FORMS

Dimethyl sulfoxide is available as 50% w/w aqueous solution for intravesical instillation (Prod Info RIMSO-50(R) intravesical irrigant, 2012). It is also available as 99% topical solution (Prod Info Cryoserv(TM), 2003).

SOURCES

Dimethyl sulfoxide is an industrial solvent. It is a very hygroscopic liquid, and is prepared by air-oxidation of dimethyl sulfide in the presence of nitrogen oxides (Budavari, 1996; S Sweetman , 2001).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

WITH THERAPEUTIC USE

DMSO has shown very few toxic symptoms in humans. The most common are nausea, skin rashes, headache, and an unusual garlic-onion-oyster smell in body and breath.
DMSO is a skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant. It may cause skin irritation and reddening if spilled on clothing and allowed to remain. DMSO readily penetrates the skin and may carry other dissolved chemicals into the body.
DMSO may cause urticaria and, rarely, anaphylaxis.
DMSO is an experimental teratogen and also causes other reproductive effects in experimental animals. It is also a questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

EMESIS/NOT RECOMMENDED -

Emesis should NOT be induced, since this is a solvent and aspiration is possible.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL -

PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

CHARCOAL DOSE

Use a minimum of 240 milliliters of water per 30 grams charcoal (FDA, 1985). Optimum dose not established; usual dose is 25 to 100 grams in adults and adolescents; 25 to 50 grams in children aged 1 to 12 years (or 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram body weight) ; and 0.5 to 1 gram/kilogram in infants up to 1 year old (Chyka et al, 2005).

Routine use of a cathartic with activated charcoal is NOT recommended as there is no evidence that cathartics reduce drug absorption and cathartics are known to cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, electrolyte imbalances and occasionally hypotension (None Listed, 2004).

ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS

Complications: emesis, aspiration (Chyka et al, 2005). Aspiration may be complicated by acute respiratory failure, ARDS, bronchiolitis obliterans or chronic lung disease (Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002; Pollack et al, 1981; Harris & Filandrinos, 1993; Elliot et al, 1989; Rau et al, 1988; Golej et al, 2001; Graff et al, 2002). Refer to the ACTIVATED CHARCOAL/TREATMENT management for further information.
Contraindications: unprotected airway (increases risk/severity of aspiration) , nonfunctioning gastrointestinal tract, uncontrolled vomiting, and ingestion of most hydrocarbons (Chyka et al, 2005).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Emesis should NOT be induced, since this is a solvent and aspiration is possible.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

ACUTE

The lowest published toxic dose for man (intravenous route) was 606 mg/kg. Toxic effects were to the gastrointestinal system (nausea or vomiting) and the liver (jaundice, other not specified) (RTECS , 2001).
The lowest published toxic dose for woman (dermal route) was 1800 mg/kg. Toxic effects were to the respiratory system (dyspnea, cyanosis) and hematologic (changes not specified) (RTECS , 2001).

ANIMAL DATA

Dimethyl sulfoxide applied intragastrically for 10 minutes in rats caused extensive mucosal damage. In concentrations of 5%, 10%, or 100%, dimethyl sulfoxide caused superficial damage to 33%, 36%, and 97%, respectively, of the corpus mucosa, and 28%, 44%, and 96%, respectively, of the antral mucosa. Concentrated dimethyl sulfoxide also caused damage to the pits and glands in some areas of the mucosa (Sorbye et al, 1993).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS67-68-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS67-68-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- 2500 mg/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- 3100 mg/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- 7920 mg/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- 50 gm/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- 14 gm/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- 8200 mg/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- 5360 mg/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- 14500 mg/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- 40 gm/kg (RTECS, 2001)
LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- 12 gm/kg (RTECS, 2001)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS67-68-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS67-68-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Dimethyl Sulfoxide
250 ppm
Ceiling or Short-term TWA:
Skin Notation: No
Dermal Sensitizer: No
Candidate WEEL: No
WEEL Under Review: No

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS67-68-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS67-68-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS67-68-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS67-68-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS67-68-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS67-68-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS67-68-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS67-68-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS67-68-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS67-68-5 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Methane, sulfinylbis-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS67-68-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 2

(2) Moderately toxic material. Intense or continued exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medical treatment is given.

Flammability Rating (Red): 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store in airtight container (not plastic) and protect from moisture and light (JEF Reynolds , 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Dimethyl sulfoxide has a strong water affinity, and if left exposed to the air will become rapidly diluted (Brayton, 1986).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Butyl rubber gloves have been found to be more suitable than other types of material for resisting penetration by dimethyl sulfoxide solutions (OHM/TADS , 1994).

WARNING:

Dimethyl sulfoxide may act as a vehicle for other solvents. When dimethyl sulfoxide is a constituent in a mixture, the mixture as a whole must be evaluated (Mansdorf, 1995).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 67-68-5.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.003
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.003
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.003
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 36
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 1.9
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.003
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 36
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 1.9
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.003
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.003
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Teflon Laminate

Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc.

Commander Ultrapro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Butyl/Neoprene

Comasec Safety, Inc

Butyl+Plus

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Latex

Memphis Glove Company

5290 Series Flock-Lined Latex

Degradation Rating: 5 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 420
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Natural Rubber

Ansell

Conform

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Ansell-Edmont, 2001)

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 434
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.8
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Astro-Flex

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 80
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 720
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Black Max

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 135
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 234
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Flexigum

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Jelly Fish

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 80
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 720
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Classics/L-210

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 256
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 3.4
Notes: 99+%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Sure-Grip/LF-128

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 216
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 3.8
Notes: 99+%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Montgomery Safety Products

Natural Rubber

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <10
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 1823

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 30 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Astro-Prene

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Chem-ply/N-440

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 99+%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Stanzoil/NL-34

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >456.9
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Memphis Glove Company

5410S Series Flock-Lined Neoprene

Degradation Rating: 5 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 281
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

6912 Neomax Neoprene

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Montgomery Safety Products

Neoprene

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene/Natural Rubber

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Two-Tone/NS-53

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 368
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.6
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Nitrile

Ansell

Touch N Tuff

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 10
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.9
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Ansell-Edmont, 2001)

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 7005

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 23
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 84
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Comatril

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Flexiproof

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

SoloUltra/980 (8 mil)

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 19.1
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 22.5
Notes: 99.60%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

SoloUltra/997

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 21
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 10.2
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Stansolv/A-14

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: 99+%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Stansolv/AF-18

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 126.9
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 13.7
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Memphis Glove Company

5320 Series Flock-Lined Nitrile

Degradation Rating: 4 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 166
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

9750 Series Predator Nitrile

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Montgomery Safety Products

M-Tech

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <10
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

North Safety Products

Nitrile Series

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 40
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 5200
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

Niprotect/Exam 997

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 21
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 10.2
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Niprotect CC 529

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 21
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 10.2
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Niprotect PF/999

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 21
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 10.2
Notes: 0.99
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

SoloUltra

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 21
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 10.2
Notes: 0.99
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Nitrile+Neoprene+Natural Rubber

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

TRIonic 521

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 181.4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2.1
Notes: 0.99
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic 522

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 181.4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2.1
Notes: 0.99
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-194

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 181.4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2.1
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-194BPK

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 181.4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2.1
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-204

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 181.4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2.1
Notes: 0.99
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic O-240

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 181.4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2.1
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 194
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

North Safety Products

Silver Shield

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Insufficient Data
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Insufficient Data
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Ansell

Dura-Touch

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Ansell-Edmont, 2001)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Comasec Safety, Inc

Blockbuster LP

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 50
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Comastar

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Lion Paw

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 50
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Normal

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Presti

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 50
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Yellow Jacket

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 50
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Yellow Submarine

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 50
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 6
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)

Memphis Glove Company

6400 Actifresh Green PVC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Polyvinyl Chloride/Nitrile

Comasec Safety, Inc

Multi+plus

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 80
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 4.8
Notes: tested in accordance with ASTM F739
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): < 480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested in conformity with the standard EN 374-3
Citation: (Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)

Vinyl

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Pylox/V-20

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: 99+%; non-normalized breakthrough
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 90
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 5000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 232
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 67
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Ansell 200 Schulz Drive Red Bank, NJ 07701 USA Phone: (732) 345-5400 Fax: (800) 800-0445 Toll-Free: (800) 800-0444 Website: http://www.ansellpro.com Email: info@ansell.com
Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
Boss Manufacturing Company 221 W. First Street Kewanee, IL 61443 USA Phone: (309) 852-2131 Fax: (309) 852-0848 Toll-Free: (800) 447-4581 Website: http://www.bossgloves.com Email: custserv@bossgloves.com
Comasec Safety, Inc 8 Niblick Road Box 1219 Enfield, CT 06083-1219 USA Phone: (860) 741-2207 Fax: (860) 741-0881 Toll-Free: (800) 333-0219 Website: http://www.comasecsafety.com Email: info@comasecsafety.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc. P. O. Box P.O. Box 278 McBee, SC 29101 USA Phone: (843) 335-8211 Fax: (843) 355-8599 Toll-Free: (843) 335-8211 Website: http://www.marmac.com Email: info@marmac.com
Memphis Glove Company 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (901) 795-0672 Fax: (901) 794-7622 Toll-Free: (800) 955-6887 Website: http://www.memphisglove.com
Montgomery Safety Products 1117 Marion Avenue, SW Canton, OH 44707 USA Phone: (800) 562-0600 Toll-Free: (800) 562-0600 Website: http://www.montgomerysafety.com Email: gloves@montgomerysafety.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC 85 Innsbruck Dr. Buffalo, NY 14227 USA Phone: (800) 245-6837 Fax: (716) 668-3224 Toll-Free: (800) 245-6837 Website: http://www.perfectfitglove.com Email: perfectfitglove@perfectfitglove.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
- Substance may be transported hot.
- If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.
Dimethyl sulfoxide is combustible when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1992).
It can react with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS67-68-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Flammability Rating: 2

(2) Combustible. Materials that must be moderately heated before ignition can occur. Including liquids having a flash point above 100 degrees F, and solids that readily give off flammable vapors.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
CAUTION: For mixtures containing a high percentage of an alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS67-68-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Extinguishing Method(s): 5

5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.

To fight fire, use foam, alcohol foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical (Lewis, 1992). Water may also be used (CHRIS , 1994).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, dimethyl sulfoxide emits toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur (Lewis, 1992). Formaldehyde and methyl mercaptan may also be formed (CHRIS , 1994).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Dimethyl sulfoxide forms a violent or explosive reaction with many acyl, aryl, and non-metal halides (listed below) (Lewis, 1992):

Acetyl chloride
Benzenesulfonyl chloride
Bromobenzoyl acetanilide
Cyanuric chloride
Disulfur dichloride
Iodine pentafluoride
Mg(ClO4)2
CH3Br
NIO4
Oxalyl chloride
P2O3
Phosphorous trichloride
Phosphoryl chloride
Silver fluoride
Silver difluoride
Sodium hydride
Sulfur dichloride
Sulfuryl chloride
Tetrachlorosilane
Thionyl chloride

Dimethyl sulfoxide also forms violent or explosive reactions with the following (Lewis, 1992):

Boron compounds (eg, borane, nonahydrononaborate (2-) ion)
4(4'-Bromobenzoyl)acetanilide
Carbonyl diisothiocyanate
Copper + trichloroacetic acid
Dinitrogen tetraoxide
Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazine
Metal alkoxides (eg, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium isopropoxide)
Trifluoroacetic acid anhydride

Dimethyl sulfoxide is incompatible with the following (Lewis, 1992):

Magnesium perchlorate
Metal oxosalts
Perchloric acid
Periodic acid
Sulfur trioxide

Dimethyl sulfoxide forms powerfully explosive mixtures with metal salts of oxoacids (listed below) (Lewis, 1992):

Aluminum perchlorate
Iron(III) nitrate
Sodium perchlorate

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Vapors cause moderate irritation such that personnel will find high concentrations unpleasant. The effect is temporary (CHRIS , 1994).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Dimethyl sulfoxide is combustible when exposed to heat or flame (Lewis, 1992).

It can react with oxidizing materials (Lewis, 1992).

When heated to decomposition, dimethyl sulfoxide emits toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur (Lewis, 1992). Formaldehyde and methyl mercaptan may also be formed (CHRIS , 1994).

Dimethyl sulfoxide reacts with plastics (JEF Reynolds , 1991).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS67-68-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS67-68-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 250
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 750
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 1,250
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 2,000
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS67-68-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS67-68-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1994).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

SOURCES: Dimethyl sulfoxide is naturally released in the environment primarily by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide that is biologically produced in soil, water, and vegetation. It also may be released during its production, transport, disposal, and use as a solvent and medical analgesic (HSDB , 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In the atmosphere, dimethyl sulfoxide will exist primarily in the vapor phase and be removed by both wet and dry deposition. It will react with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of about 7 hours. Dimethyl sulfoxide is hygroscopic and in a humid atmosphere, droplets of dimethyl sulfoxide will serve as a condensation nuclei for fog formation (HSDB , 1994).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- If released in water, dimethyl sulfoxide should disproportionate to dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl sulfone. This disproportionation is catalyzed by light and there is some evidence that catalysts or photosensitizers in natural water may affect the rate. Dimethyl sulfoxide may also be reduced by reducing agents that may occur in natural waters. In water, volatilization, adsorption to sediment, and bioconcentration in fish should not be important (HSDB , 1994).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- If released on land, dimethyl sulfoxide would be expected to leach in the soil, due to its high water solubility. Some volatilization from dry soil and surfaces may be expected. It is fairly resistant to biodegradation based upon screening tests. Dimethyl sulfoxide may be reduced by some reducing agents that may occur in soil. If sprayed on land as an aerosol, dimethyl sulfoxide will be lost primarily by volatilization (HSDB , 1994).

OTHER

OTHER
- When applied to plants, dimethyl sulfoxide is readily absorbed by the roots and foliage of most crop plants. While it is metabolized, especially in the foliage, unaltered dimethyl sulfoxide may be extracted from fruit and foliage (HSDB , 1994).
- AIR: The half-life of dimethyl sulfoxide in the atmosphere via reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is about 7 hours (HSDB , 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES (CHRIS , 1994):

TLM, bluegill, 33,500 ppm/48 hr, fresh water

WATER: Dimethyl sulfoxide is dangerous to aquatic life in high concentrations. It may be dangerous if it enters water intakes. Notify local health and wildlife officials. Notify operators of nearby water intakes (HSDB , 1994).

OTHER

The use of solvent carriers, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, may result in differences in the acute effect of toxic chemicals used in aquatic toxicity tests (Calleja & Persoone, 1993).

Due to the difficulties encountered in dissolving lipophilic substances in aqueous media, solvents are often used in aquatic toxicity tests. Yet, in most cases the potential effect of the solvent is only assessed separately from that of the toxicant (Calleja & Persoone, 1993).
In one study, water-insoluble chemicals such as diazepam, digoxin, and malathion were tested either in pure form or in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, methanol or acetone, for their acute toxicity to several aquatic invertebrates commonly used in ecotoxicology (Calleja & Persoone, 1993).
The results indicated that the use of solvent carrier gave differences in the acute effect of the three chemicals to 6 test species: the crustaceans Artemia salina, Streptocephalus proboscideus, and Daphnia magna, the rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and Brachionus calyciflorus, and the bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum (Calleja & Persoone, 1993).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

78.14 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Dimethyl sulfoxide is a clear (water-white), very hygroscopic liquid, with slightly sulfurous odor (or practically no odor) (Budavari, 1996).

Slightly bitter taste with a sweet after-taste (Budavari, 1996).

Dimethyl sulfide is excreted through the lungs and skin, and is responsible for the characteristic odor (garlic-like) from patients (S Sweetman , 2001).

VAPOR PRESSURE

0.37 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Lewis, 1992)

0.42 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 1.100 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

18.45 degrees C (supercools easily) (Budavari, 1996)

BOILING POINT

189 degrees C (at 760 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

83 degrees C (at 17 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

56.6 degrees C (at 5.11 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

47.4 degrees C (at 2.82 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

30 degrees C (at 0.79 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

20 degrees C (at 0.37 mmHg) (Budavari, 1996)

FLASH POINT

95 degrees C; 203 degrees F (open cup) (Budavari, 1996)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

419 degrees F (Lewis, 1992)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

2.6% (Lewis, 1992)

UPPER

28.5% (Lewis, 1992)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Dimethyl sulfoxide is soluble in water (Budavari, 1996).
It is miscible with water, with the evolution of heat (S Sweetman , 2001).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Dimethyl sulfoxide is soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether, benzene, and chloroform (Budavari, 1996). Also soluble in alcohol (Lewis, 1993).
It is NOT miscible with paraffin hydrocarbons (S Sweetman , 2001).

OTHER/PHYSICAL

DIELECTRIC CONSTANT

45 (Budavari, 1996)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4795 (at 20 degrees C/D) (HSDB , 1994)
1.4787 (at 21 degrees C/D) (HSDB , 1994)

VISCOSITY

1.1 cP (at 27 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Phosgene Oxime (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7e26d&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Potassium Cyanide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7cbb9&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Potassium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005c. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Propargyl Alcohol (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec91&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Selenium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec55&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Silane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020d523&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Sodium Cyanide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7cbb9&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Strontium Phosphide (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2005f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020c5ed&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Sulfuryl Chloride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec7a&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Tear Gas (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008s. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648096e551&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Tellurium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009i. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7e2a1&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE (DMSO)

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents