ACETOXYTRIPHENYLSTANNANE

Triphenyltin acetate is used as a fungicide, algicide, and wood preservative (HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996).
Organotin compounds will attack some types of rubber, plastics, or coatings (HSDB , 2000); the selection of protective clothing should be done with care.

FORMS

Acetoxytriphenylstannane, also called TRIPHENYLTIN ACETATE, is an alkyl tin compound. It occurs as colorless crystals or a white crystalline solid which is soluble in methylene chloride, is slightly soluble in ethanol or toluene, and is minimally soluble in water (HSDB , 2000).
It is available as a wettable powder and a technical product of at least 94 percent purity (HSDB , 2000).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Acetoxytriphenylstannane (triphenyltin acetate) is a trialkyl organotin compound. It is a colorless to white needle-like crystalline solid that is practically insoluble in water, and is used as a fungicide, algicide, and wood preservative. It can be absorbed systemically following ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, and is a skin irritant.

Acetoxytriphenylstannane is available as a wettable powder and a technical product of at least 94 percent purity.
Triphenyltin acetate has caused hepatic injury with irreversible hepatomegaly and elevated liver function tests with chronic occupational exposure. It also caused skin irritation with pruritus and erythema which developed 2 to 3 days after prolonged dermal contact with contaminated garments. Eye irritation has also occurred.

Triphenyltin acetate may also cause blurred vision, headache, dizziness, loss of consciousness, malaise, visual disturbances, shortness of breath, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Glycosuria and hyperglycemia have been described.

Because the group of ORGANOTIN compounds have a number of toxic effects IN COMMON, the following discussion deals with VARIOUS ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS.

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Based on its acute oral LD50 of 125 mg/kg in rats (RTECS , 2000), triphenyltin acetate is a moderately toxic substance. It can be absorbed systemically following ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact (HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996). The only serious poisonings from organotin compounds have been from ingestion and inhalation exposure (ACGIH, 1986; (Proctor et al, 1988; Sittig, 1985; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988). Onset of symptoms may be DELAYED UP TO 4 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988; Wu et al, 1990).

Acetoxytriphenylstannane caused skin irritation with pruritus and erythema, which developed 2 to 3 days after prolonged dermal contact with contaminated garments (Hathaway, 1996; (HSDB , 2000; Markicevic & Turko, 1967). Eye irritation may also occur (HSDB , 2000).

Triphenyltin acetate may cause blurred vision, headache, dizziness, loss of consciousness, malaise, visual disturbances, shortness of breath, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (Hathaway, 1996; (HSDB , 2000; Guardascione & Mazzella Di Bosco, 1967). Glycosuria and hyperglycemia have been described (HSDB , 2000).

Symptoms of trialkyl tin intoxication include headache, nausea, gastric pain, visual defects, decreased hearing, tinnitus, paresthesias, EEG abnormalities, altered consciousness, possible skin burns, erythema, dermatitis, ocular and nasal irritation, and shortness of breath (Louria et al, 1972; Besser et al, 1987; Winship, 1988).

Dizziness, vertigo, disorientation, tinnitus, deafness, psychosis, respiratory depression, photophobia, vomiting, urinary retention, and weakness or flaccid paralysis of the limbs may occur with exposure to organotin compounds, particularly following ingestion (Sittig, 1985; Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988). Cerebral edema and hepatic necrosis have been described following exposure to certain organotin compounds (Hathaway, 1996). Seizures and a diffuse sensation of pain may also occur (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).

Long-term sequelae of acute organotin poisoning have included paresthesias, headaches, visual abnormalities, aggressive behavior, memory deficits, and extrapyramidal hyperkinesis (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988).

Acetoxytriphenyltin acetate has caused central nervous system and respiratory depression, brain hemorrhage, pulmonary, renal and hepatic congestion, and destruction of the intestinal mucosa when given to rats at doses up to 300 mg/kg (Attahiru et al, 1991).

Organotin compound injection in experimental animals has caused ataxia, unsteadiness, and paralysis. The brain is the target organ (Barnes & Stoner, 1959). Trimethyltin chloride caused irreversible brain damage in rats and marmosets (Grant, 1993; Woodruff & Baisden, 1990; Robertson et al, 1987) O'Shaugnessy & Losos, 1986; (Snoeij et al, 1985; Brown et al, 1984).

Triphenyltin compounds are potent immunosuppressants. Triphenyltin acetate caused reduced lymphopoiesis and atrophy of the splenic white pulp in guinea pigs (HSDB , 2000). In repeated exposure studies, infection was an important cause of death in these animals (HSDB , 2000).

Triphenyltin, a closely related compound, is an immunosuppressant in experimental animals (Verschuuren et al, 1970) and may cause hepatomegaly which may persist for 2 years. It was immunotoxic in rats, causing thymic atrophy, lymphocyte depletion in the thymic cortex, and cytotoxicity in bone marrow cells (Snoeij et al, 1985; Snoeij et al, 1986).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Triphenyltin acetate has caused hepatic injury with irreversible hepatomegaly and elevated liver function tests during chronic occupational exposure (Hathaway, 1996; (HSDB , 2000). With primary dermal exposure, one patient had a skin rash, liver injury, mild glucose intolerance, and EEG abnormalities (Colosio et al, 1991).

Eye and respiratory tract irritation, itching skin lesions, abdominal pain, sore throat, cough, and retching have occurred with occupational organotin exposure (ACGIH, 1991) Hathaway, 1996; (Sittig, 1991).

Guinea pigs fed 50 ppm of acetoxytriphenylstannane in the diet all died during the first 6 weeks (HSDB , 2000). In rats given 50 ppm daily by gavage, 70% died of secondary infection in an average of 26.6 days (HSDB , 2000). When fed in the diet, 300 ppm for 10 weeks was fatal (HSDB , 2000).

Rats given 5 to 25 mg/kg by the oral exposure route over 170 days developed no signs of toxicity (HSDB , 2000). Guinea pigs fed 10 and 20 ppm of acetoxytriphenylstannane in the diet developed leukopenia; an increased water content of the brain and spinal cord was noted at the 20 ppm dose (HSDB , 2000).

Histopathologic lesions in the lungs, liver, intestine, and kidney were seen in rats given acetoxytriphenyl acetate subchronically at doses up to 20 mg/kg. Lymphocyte and monocyte counts were also reduced (Attahiru et al, 1991a). Acetoxytriphenylstannane showed CUMULATIVE TOXICITY in guinea pigs (HSDB , 2000; Stoner & Heath, 1967).

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

ANIMAL DATA

Guinea pigs fed 50 ppm of acetoxytriphenylstannane in the diet all died during the first 6 weeks (HSDB , 2000).
In rats given 50 ppm daily by stomach tube, 70% died of secondary infection in an average of 26.6 days (HSDB , 2000). When fed in the diet, 300 ppm for 10 weeks was fatal (HSDB , 2000).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CASE REPORTS

The toxicity of most organotins is not well documented. The estimated toxic dose of triethyltin is 70 milligrams within 8 days (Barnes & Stoner, 1959). Triethyltin is estimated to be 10 times as toxic as diethyltin orally (Barnes & Stoner, 1959).
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting occurred several hours after an acute ingestion of triphenyltin in a 23-year-old male. On the day following the ingestion severe ataxia, dysmetria, nystagmus, and blurred vision were reported (Wu et al, 1990).

Mental status changes developed 12 days after ingestion, progressing to coma which lasted for 1.5 months. A delayed sensorimotor polyneuropathy, which resolved with improved mental status, was also reported (Wu et al, 1990).

ANIMAL DATA

Rats given 5 to 25 mg/kg by the oral route over 170 days developed no symptoms (HSDB , 2000).
Guinea pigs fed 10 and 20 ppm of acetoxytriphenylstannane in the diet developed leukopenia, and increased water content of the brain and spinal cord was noted at the 20 ppm dose (HSDB , 2000). Acetoxytriphenylstannane showed cumulative toxicity in this species (HSDB , 2000; Stoner & Heath, 1967).
Rats fed 200 ppm in the diet for 10 weeks survived (HSDB , 2000). Doses as low as 25 ppm were associated with reduced food intake, reduced growth, and decreased blood leukocytes in this species (HSDB , 2000).
In rats, the oral acute median lethal dose is 402 mg/kg. 200 mg/kg produced CNS and respiratory depression as well as injury to lung, liver, kidney, brain, and the intestinal mucosa (Attahiru et al, 1991).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS900-95-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS900-95-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2000
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)CHICKEN:
- LDLo- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS900-95-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS900-95-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS900-95-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS900-95-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS900-95-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS900-95-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS900-95-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS900-95-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS900-95-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Stannane, Acetoxytriphenyl-
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 500

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

500/10,000
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): c

c: Chemicals added by final rule, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS900-95-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS900-95-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Fentin acetate
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS900-95-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Stannane, (acetyloxy)triphenyl-

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS900-95-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 900-95-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS900-95-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS900-95-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS900-95-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS900-95-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Acetoxytriphenylstannane
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.345
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.689
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 20
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 86.2
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS900-95-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS900-95-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Editor's Note: An ERG guide with information appropriate to this material does not exist.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

409.07

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

White, crystalline solid (Lewis, 1996)

White odorless crystals (Hayes & Laws, 1991)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.55 at 20 degrees Celsius (HSDB , 2000)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Practically insoluble (Lewis, 1996)
Solubility in water - 28 mg/L at 20 degrees Celsius (Hayes & Laws, 1991)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

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40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.

65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.

66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.

67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.

68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.

69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, 6th ed, Am Conference of Govt Ind Hyg, Inc, Cincinnati, OH, 1991.

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents