1,1-DICHLORO-1-FLUOROETHANE
HAZARDTEXT ®
Information to help in the initial response for evaluating chemical incidents
 -IDENTIFICATION
SYNONYMS
1,1-DICHLORO-1-FLUOROETHANE CFC-141 ETHANE, 1,1-DICHLORO-1-FLUORO- FREON 141 HCFC-141b ISOTRON 141b R 141b REFRIGERANT 141b
IDENTIFIERS
Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
USES/FORMS/SOURCES
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane, also called HCFC-141b, is an hydrogenated chlorofluorocarbon. It is a non-flammable, colorless liquid (gas above 32 degrees C) with a weak, ethereal odor (Seckar, 1989) ECIETC, 1990). It is slightly soluble in water (2632 mg/L at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 1997). Like other chlorofluorocarbons, HCFC-141b may thermally decompose to form HYDROFLUORIC ACID, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, PHOSGENE, and CARBONYL FLUORIDE (HSDB, 1997).
HCFC-141b is of interest because the presence of hydrogen in its structure may make it a lesser ozone depleter than chlorofluorocarbons currently in use (ECETOC, 1990; Clayton & Clayton, 1994). It is being considered as a replacement for CFC 11 (Rusch et al, 1995).
-CLINICAL EFFECTS
GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS
- POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
Toxic by ingestion. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Contact may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS
- No adverse effects caused by HCFC-141b have been reported in exposed humans (ECETOC, 1990). HCFC-141b has been extensively tested by an American industrial consortium in cooperation with the US Environmental Protection Agency.
- Based on its acute oral LD50 in rats of greater than 5 g/kg, HCFC-141b is not an acutely toxic substance (RTECS , 1997; Brock et al, 1995). HCFC-141b has shown low potential for skin or eye irritation (Dekant, 1996). It was not a skin irritant, but did produce mild eye irritation in rabbits (Brock et al, 1995).
- Acute exposure to 198,850 mg/m(3) for 6 hours caused rapidly reversible CNS depression in rats (Seckar, 1989; ECETOC, 1990); HCFC-141b would be expected to be a CNS depressant in humans at high-level exposures. Symptoms of CNS depression include headache, nausea and/or vomiting, weakness, dizziness, sleepiness, loss of coordination or judgement, coma, and death.
- Inhalation exposure to a concentration of 45,800 mg/m(3) for 25 minutes induced increased cardiac sensitivity to the arrhythmogenic effects of adrenaline in monkeys and dogs (ECETOC, 1990). The threshold for increased cardiac adrenaline sensitivity in dogs was approximately 10,000 ppm (Seckar, 1989). HCFC-141b was a cardiac sensitizer in dogs at concentrations of 5,000 ppm or higher (Brock et al, 1995). These results imply that there may be some potential for cardiac fibrillation and/or sudden death in high-level acute overdoses typical of deliberate abuse.
- Direct contact with liquid fluorocarbons may cause frostbite injury (Wegener et al, 1991; HSDB, 1997).
- Adverse effects from acute fluorocarbon exposure in general include: eye, nose, and throat irritation, palpitations, light headedness, jaundice, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, and sudden death (Holness & House, 1992; Haj et al, 1980) Steadman et al, 1984; (McGee et al, 1990; Lerman et al, 1991) Clark et al, 1985; (May & Blotzer, 1984; Kamm, 1975; Morita et al, 1977).
- Thermal decomposition products may be extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract, and may cause noncardiogenic pulmonary edema if inhaled.
CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS
- At the time of this review, no reports of chronic exposure to HCFC-141b were found in humans. It was not a dermal sensitizer in guinea pigs (Seckar, 1989; Brock et al, 1995).
- Excessive or repeated skin contact with fluorocarbons may produce defatting dermatitis (HSDB, 1997).
- Repeated inhalation exposure of rats to concentrations as high as 20,000 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for up to 90 days produced no apparent adverse effects other than decreased responsiveness in males and increased serum cholesterol or triglycerides in both sexes (Brock et al, 1995).
- Chronic occupational exposure to fluorocarbons has been associated with a syndrome of impaired psychomotor speed, impaired memory and learning, and emotional lability (Rasmussen, 1988). These effects have not been demonstrated with HCFC-141b.
-MEDICAL TREATMENT
LIFE SUPPORT
- Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.
SUMMARY
- FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Wash skin with soap and water. Keep victim warm and quiet. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
-RANGE OF TOXICITY
MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE
- Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS1717-00-6 :
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed
TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES
- EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS1717-00-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):
-STANDARDS AND LABELS
WORKPLACE STANDARDS
- ACGIH TLV Values for CAS1717-00-6 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):
- AIHA WEEL Values for CAS1717-00-6 (AIHA, 2006):
- NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS1717-00-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
- OSHA PEL Values for CAS1717-00-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):
- OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS1717-00-6 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS1717-00-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS1717-00-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS1717-00-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):
- EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS1717-00-6 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):
- EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS1717-00-6 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):
Listed as: 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/94 Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:
- DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS1717-00-6 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):
- EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS1717-00-6 (EPA, 2005):
SHIPPING REGULATIONS
- DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):
- ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):
LABELS
- NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS1717-00-6 (NFPA, 2002):
-PERSONAL PROTECTION
SUMMARY
- RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
- CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 1717-00-6.
-PHYSICAL HAZARDS
FIRE HAZARD
Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures. POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004) Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Most vapors are heavier than air. Air/vapor mixtures may explode when ignited. Container may explode in heat of fire.
- FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION
- NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS1717-00-6 (NFPA, 2002):
- FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
- SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
- LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
- TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
- NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS1717-00-6 (NFPA, 2002):
EVACUATION PROCEDURES
- Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
- LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
- FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
- PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number: MEXICO: SETIQ: 01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.
CENACOM: 01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic; For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.
ARGENTINA: CIQUIME: 0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina; For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.
BRAZIL: PRÓ-QUÍMICA: 0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil); For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).
COLUMBIA: CISPROQUIM: 01-800-091-6012 in Colombia; For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012; For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.
CANADA: UNITED STATES:
For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
- AIHA ERPG Values for CAS1717-00-6 (AIHA, 2006):
- DOE TEEL Values for CAS1717-00-6 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):
Listed as Dichloro-1-fluoroethane, 1,1- (HCFC-141b, Freon 141) TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 500 TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 1000 TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 1700 TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 3000 Definitions: TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects. TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure. TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.
- AEGL Values for CAS1717-00-6 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 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62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):
Listed as: 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141B) Final Value: AEGL-1 10 min exposure: ppm: 1000 ppm mg/m3: 4850 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 1000 ppm mg/m3: 4850 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 1000 ppm mg/m3: 4850 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 1000 ppm mg/m3: 4850 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 1000 ppm mg/m3: 4850 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.
Listed as: 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141B) Final Value: AEGL-2 10 min exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 8245 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 8245 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 8245 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 8245 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 1700 ppm mg/m3: 8245 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
Listed as: 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141B) Final Value: AEGL-3 10 min exposure: ppm: 3000 ppm mg/m3: 14,550 mg/m(3)
30 min exposure: ppm: 3000 ppm mg/m3: 14,550 mg/m(3)
1 hr exposure: ppm: 3000 ppm mg/m3: 14,550 mg/m(3)
4 hr exposure: ppm: 3000 ppm mg/m3: 14,550 mg/m(3)
8 hr exposure: ppm: 3000 ppm mg/m3: 14,550 mg/m(3)
Definitions: AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.
- NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS1717-00-6 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):
CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS
SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004) ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004) Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE
- 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoreothane is a colorless liquid with a weak ethereal odor (HSDB, 2004).
VAPOR PRESSURE
- 600 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB, 2004)
DENSITY
- OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE
FREEZING/MELTING POINT
BOILING POINT
- 32 degrees C (HSDB, 2004)
-REFERENCES
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY- 40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
- 40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.
- 49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.
- 49 CFR 172.101: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 11, 2005.
- 62 FR 58840: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 1997.
- 65 FR 14186: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
- 65 FR 39264: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
- 65 FR 77866: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2000.
- 66 FR 21940: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2001.
- 67 FR 7164: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2002.
- 68 FR 42710: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2003.
- 69 FR 54144: Notice of the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances - Proposed AEGL Values, Environmental Protection Agency, NAC/AEGL Committee. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Publishing Office (GPO), Washington, DC, 2004.
- AIHA: 2006 Emergency Response Planning Guidelines and Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guides Handbook, American Industrial Hygiene Association, Fairfax, VA, 2006.
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- Brock WJ, Trochimowicz HJ, & Millischer RJ: Acute and subchronic toxicity of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b). Food Chem Toxicol 1995; 33:483-490.
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- Dekant W: Toxicology of chlorofluorocarbon replacements. Environ Health Perspect 1996; 104(Suppl 1):75-83.
- DuPont: DuPont Suit Smart: Interactive Tool for the Selection of Protective Apparel. DuPont. Wilmington, DE. 2002. Available from URL: http://personalprotection.dupont.com/protectiveapparel/suitsmart/smartsuit2/na_english.asp. As accessed 10/31/2002.
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- ECETOC: 1-Fluoro-1,1-dichloroethane (HCFC-141b), European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre, Bruxelles, Belgium, 1990.
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