DIETHYLAMINE

DIETHYLAMINE (DEN) is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid with a fishy, ammoniacal odor (HSDB). It is miscible with water and alcohol, and is soluble in ether (HSDB). It is a FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD (HSDB). It can react with NITRITES to form diethylnitrosamine, an experimental animal carcinogen (HSDB).
DEN is apparently not metabolized in humans and is excreted unchanged in the urine (HSDB). It is thought to be more toxic than ammonia (HSDB); however, no reports of industrial fatalities were found at the time of this review.
With an odor threshold reported to range from 0.05 ppm (ACGIH, 1986) to 0.14 ppm (NIOSH/OSHA), odor is a good warning property. However, odor alone should never be used to determine if an environment is safe.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed.
Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

DEN is an irritant and might be corrosive in some circumstances (HSDB). It is a mild to moderate skin irritant and a severe eye irritant in experimental animals (RTECS , 1996). Exposure to the vapors can cause swelling of the cornea, resulting in foggy vision and/or halos around lights. Serious eye injury can occur with direct DEN contact (NIOSH/OSHA). Irritation or burns resulting in necrosis can occur with direct skin contact (ACGIH, 1986).

When taken orally, DEN can cause severe pain, vomiting, diarrhea, cardiovascular collapse (HSDB), breathing difficulty, and chest pain (NIOSH/OSHA). It has caused liver and heart damage in experimental animals (ACGIH, 1986), as well as articaria and allergic rhinitis (RTECS , 1996).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

The effects of long-term exposure to DEN are similar to its acute effects, including foggy vision, halos around lights (NIOSH/OSHA), and irritation of the lungs, bronchi and throat (ACGIH, 1986). Pulmonary edema has occured in exposed experimental animals (ACGIH, 1986).

Rats exposed to DEN by the inhalation route for 24 weeks developed nasal lesions (Lynch, 1986). DEN exposed rats and humans developed subtle effects in the central nervous system (Tkachev, 1971; Tkachev, 1971).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Diethylamine is harmful if swallowed. If the victim is conscious, have them drink water or milk; do not induce vomiting.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

Rats exposed to saturated diethylamine vapor died within 5 minutes (Hathaway et al, 1991).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

Rabbits experienced corneal damage and pulmonary irritation after being repeatedly exposed to diethylamine vapor 50 ppm for 7 hours daily (Hathaway et al, 1991).
Mild irritation of rabbits' skin was reported following dermal exposures to 10 mg for 24 hours (Lewis, 1992).
Any solution 1% or stronger applied to rabbits' eyes resulted in corneal opacity (ACGIH, 1991).
Experimental animals given lethal doses of diethylamine by inhalation have experienced lacrimation, muscle contraction or spasticity, and cyanosis before death (RTECS , 1993).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS109-89-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A4 ; Listed as: Diethylamine

A4 :Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Diethylamine
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS109-89-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Lewis, 1992 RTECS, 1993
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS109-89-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Diethylamine

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 ppm
TLV-STEL: 15 ppm
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A4
Codes: Skin
Definitions:

A4: Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen: Agents which cause concern that they could be carcinogenic for humans but which cannot be assessed conclusively because of a lack of data. In vitro or animal studies do not provide indications of carcinogenicity which are sufficient to classify the agent into one of the other categories.
Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT and eye irr
Molecular Weight: 73.14

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS109-89-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS109-89-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Diethylamine
REL:

TWA: 10 ppm (30 mg/m(3))
STEL: 25 ppm (75 mg/m(3))
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 200 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS109-89-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Diethylamine
Table Z-1 for Diethylamine:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 25

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 75

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS109-89-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS109-89-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Diethylamine
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS109-89-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS109-89-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS109-89-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS109-89-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS109-89-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS109-89-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Ethanamine, N-ethyl-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1154 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Diethylamine

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 3

3: Flammable and combustible liquid. See 49 CFR section 173.120 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1154
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 3, 8

3: Flammable Liquid.
8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: A3, IB2, N34, T7, TP1

A3: For combination packagings, if glass inner packagings (including ampoules) are used, they must be packed with absorbent material in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
IB2: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T7: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 150
Non-bulk packaging: 202
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 1 L
Cargo aircraft only: 5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: E

E: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers, or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but is prohibited from carriage on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1154 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Diethylamine
UN Number: 1154

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS109-89-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Diethylamine
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 3

(3) Seriously toxic material. Short term exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect small animal carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 0

(0) Materials which are normally stable, even under fire conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Usual containers include glass bottles, drums, and cans: Keep them tightly covered (NFPA, 1991; OHM/TADS , 1993).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated, non-combustible location (NFPA, 1991).
Outdoor or detached storage is preferred (ITI, 1988).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Keep away from acids, sources of halogens, and oxidizing materials (NFPA, 1991).
Keep away from sunlight (ITI, 1988).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 109-89-7.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Chlorinated Polyethylene

DuPont Personal Protection

Durables 2

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 45
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 322
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

ILC Dover, Inc.

Chemturion

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 22
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)

Standard Safety Equipment Company

ChemMaster

Degradation Rating: PASS
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 22
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 68
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)

Latex

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

X-treme

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: 10%
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)

Microporous Fabric

Workrite

CSP Garments

Degradation Rating: PASS
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Workrite, 1997)

Natural Rubber

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Heavy Duty 1500

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: 10%
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)

PRO 1000

Degradation Rating: Not reported
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: 10%
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

CPF 1

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): <4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >24.0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 2

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 14
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >10.0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 3

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

CPF 4

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Reflector

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.001
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Immediate
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 64
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Immediate
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 64
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 12
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >50
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 12
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >50
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480 (none detected)
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.01
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

ILC Dover, Inc.

Ready 1

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)

Kimberly-Clark Professional

Hazard-Gard I

Degradation Rating: PASS
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Immediate
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): High
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Kimberly-Clark, 2002)

Hazard-Gard II

Degradation Rating: PASS
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 20
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): High
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Kimberly-Clark, 2002)

Standard Safety Equipment Company

Mitigator

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Polyethylene

DuPont Personal Protection

Poly-Coat

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 53
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

DuPont Personal Protection

Durables 1

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 11
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Standard Safety Equipment Company

Greylite-20

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >400
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)

Winterglo-20

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 8
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >400
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)

Rubber Laminate

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

Teflon Laminate

ChemFab Corporation

Challenge 5000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (ChemFab Corporation, 1993)

Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc.

Commander Ultrapro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)

Viton/Butyl

Trelleborg-Viking, Inc.

Super

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >30
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: liquid
Citation: (Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)

FOOTWEAR

Neoprene

Servus (Norcross Safety Products)

Neoprene III

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 45
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >15
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Servus, 1995)

Polyurethane

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Purolite

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Polyurethane+PVC

Onguard Industries

Polyblend

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 152
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2.7
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Superpoly

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 155
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.3
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Polyvinyl Chloride

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Resistor

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Sureflex

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Rubber blend

LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products

Economy Short Boot

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)

Onguard Industries

Hazmax

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >120
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Standard

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): <1
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0.7
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Bata Shoe Company, 1995)

Servus (Norcross Safety Products)

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Servus, 1995)

GLOVES

Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Butyl 878

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 30
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 60
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Guardian Manufacturing Group

CP-25

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 27
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >500
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 27
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >500
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 47
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 46000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Latex

Memphis Glove Company

5290 Series Flock-Lined Latex

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Natural Rubber

Best Manufacturing

Original Nitty Gritty

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2007
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 306
Notes: Tested under limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Blue-Grip/LL-301

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: reagent grade; non-normalized breakthrough time reported
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Montgomery Safety Products

Natural Rubber

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 1823

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 30 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Chloroflex 723

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 10
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 242
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

N5 Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 45
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 27
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Neoprene 6780 Series

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 50
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 115
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 13
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 136
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultraflex Neoprene 32

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 30
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 32
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 40
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 24
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Guardian Manufacturing Group

IN-35

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >500
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 15
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >500
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Stanzoil/NL-34

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): <4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): >50
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Memphis Glove Company

5410S Series Flock-Lined Neoprene

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

6912 Neomax Neoprene

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Montgomery Safety Products

Neoprene

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene/Natural Rubber

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Technic/NS-420

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 9
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 176
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Two-Tone/NS-53

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4.9
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 993.7
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Neoprene+NatR

Best Manufacturing

Chem Master CHM

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 10
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 123
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitrile

Best Manufacturing

N-DEX 7005

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

N-DEX 8005

Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 10
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 123
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Not Recommended (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Nitri-Solve 727

Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2007
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Fair (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 236
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Ultimate N-Dex 9905

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 10
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 123
Notes: Tested with Limited Exposure Method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Ultraflex Nitrile 22R

Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 9
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Good (after 60 minutes of testing)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): None Detected
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 150
Notes: Tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

SoloUltra/980 (8 mil)

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 1.8
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Beyond detection
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

SoloUltra/997

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 1
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 798.6
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Stansolv/A-15

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 16
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 2866.7
Notes: 98%; non-normalized breakthrough
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Stansolv/AF-18

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 34
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 97
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Memphis Glove Company

5320 Series Flock-Lined Nitrile

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

9750 Series Predator Nitrile

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Montgomery Safety Products

M-Tech

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 45
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <1000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

North Safety Products

Nitrile Series

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Insufficient Data
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Insufficient Data
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

Niprotect/Exam 997

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 1
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 798.6
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Niprotect CC 529

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 1
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 798.6
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Niprotect PF/999

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 1
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 798.6
Notes: 0.98
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

SoloUltra

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 1
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 798.6
Notes: 0.98
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Nitrile+Neoprene+Natural Rubber

Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC

TRIonic 521

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 176
Notes: 0.98
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic 522

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 176
Notes: 0.98
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-194

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 176
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-194BPK

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 176
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic E-204

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 176
Notes: 0.98
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

TRIonic O-240

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 4
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 176
Notes: 98%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2003)

Nitrile+PVC

Best Manufacturing

Hustler 725R

Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 110
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 141
Notes: tested through limited exposure method (ATSM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 107
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 162
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 6
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 60
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

North Safety Products

Silver Shield

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Best Manufacturing

Black Knight 7712R

Degradation Rating: Poor (after 60 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Recommended
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Boss Manufacturing Company

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)

Memphis Glove Company

6400 Actifresh Green PVC

Degradation Rating: 0 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 7
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
Degradation Rating: 0 (on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 offering the least chemical resistance)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 7
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Reported
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Memphis Glove Company, 2001)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 35
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 652000
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Viton over Butyl

Best Manufacturing

Viton #890

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): 9
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 135
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)
Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Tested with limited exposure method (ASTM F 1383)
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2004)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
Boss Manufacturing Company 221 W. First Street Kewanee, IL 61443 USA Phone: (309) 852-2131 Fax: (309) 852-0848 Toll-Free: (800) 447-4581 Website: http://www.bossgloves.com Email: custserv@bossgloves.com
ChemFab Corporation 701 Daniel Webster Highway Box 1137 Merrimack, NH 03054 USA Phone: (603) 424-9000 Fax: (603) 424-9012 Toll-Free: (800) 451-6101 Website: http://www.chemfab.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
Guardian Manufacturing Group 302 Conwell Avenue Willard, OH 44890-9525 USA Phone: (419) 933-2711 Fax: (419) 935-8961 Toll-Free: (800) 243-7379 Website: http://www.guardian-mfg.com
ILC Dover, Inc. One Moonwalker Rd. Frederica, DE 19946-2080 USA Phone: (302) 335-3911 Toll-Free: (800) 631-9567 Website: http://www.ilcdover.com Email: Customer_Service@ilcdover.com
Kimberly-Clark Professional 1400 Holcomb Bridge Road Roswell, GA 30076 Phone: (800) 255-6401 Fax: (800) 579-3555 Toll-Free: (800) 255-6401 Website: http://www.kcprofessional.com/us/ Email: kcpinfo@kcc.com
LaCrosse-Rainfair Safety Products 18550 NE Riverside Parkway Portland, OR 97230 USA Phone: (800) 557-7246 Fax: (800) 558-0188 Toll-Free: (800) 557-7246 Website: http://www.lacrosserainfair.com Email: info@lacrossesafety.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc. P. O. Box P.O. Box 278 McBee, SC 29101 USA Phone: (843) 335-8211 Fax: (843) 355-8599 Toll-Free: (843) 335-8211 Website: http://www.marmac.com Email: info@marmac.com
Memphis Glove Company 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (901) 795-0672 Fax: (901) 794-7622 Toll-Free: (800) 955-6887 Website: http://www.memphisglove.com
Montgomery Safety Products 1117 Marion Avenue, SW Canton, OH 44707 USA Phone: (800) 562-0600 Toll-Free: (800) 562-0600 Website: http://www.montgomerysafety.com Email: gloves@montgomerysafety.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
Onguard Industries 1850 Clark Road Havre de Grace, MD 21078 USA Phone: (410) 272-2000 Fax: (800) 304-2282 Toll-Free: (800) 365-2282 Website: http://www.onguardindustries.com Email: support@onguardindustries.com
Perfect Fit Glove Co, LLC 85 Innsbruck Dr. Buffalo, NY 14227 USA Phone: (800) 245-6837 Fax: (716) 668-3224 Toll-Free: (800) 245-6837 Website: http://www.perfectfitglove.com Email: perfectfitglove@perfectfitglove.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com
Servus (Norcross Safety Products) 1136 Second St Rock Island, IL 61202 USA Phone: (800) 777-9021 Fax: (800) 267-6809 Toll-Free: (800) 777-9021 Website: http://www.servusproducts.com Email: info@nspusa.com
Standard Safety Equipment Company 1407 Ridgeview Drive McHenry, IL 60050 USA Phone: (815) 363-8565 Fax: (815) 363-8633 Toll-Free: (815) 363-8565 Website: http://www.standardsafety.com Email: solson@standardsafety.com
Trelleborg-Viking, Inc. 170 West Road Suite 1 Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA Phone: (603) 436-1236 Fax: (603) 436-1392 Toll-Free: (800) 344-4458 Website: http://www.trelleborg.com/protective/ Email: protective@trelleborg.com
Workrite 500 East Third Street Box 1192 Oxnard, CA 93032 USA Phone: (805) 483-0715 Fax: (805) 483-0678 Toll-Free: (800) 521-1888 Website: http://www.workrite.com Email: info@workrite.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Flammable/combustible materials.
- May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Diethylamine is a very dangerous fire hazard when it is exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers (Lewis, 1992; Bretherick, 1990).
- It is flammable, even in aqueous solution (Budavari, 1989).
This compound ignites on contact with large amounts of cellulose nitrate (Lewis, 1992).
It explodes on contact with dicyanofurazan and reacts violently with sulfuric acid (Lewis, 1992).
When heated to combustion, diethylamine emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides (Lewis, 1992; Bretherick, 1990).
Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back (NFPA, 1991).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS109-89-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Diethylamine
Flammability Rating: 3

(3) Flammable. Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Including liquids with a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point above 100 degrees F, solid materials which form coarse dusts that burn rapidly without becoming explosive, materials which burn rapidly by reason of self-contained oxygen (ie, organic peroxides), and materials which ignite spontaneously when exposed to air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Some of these materials may react violently with water.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Do not get water inside containers.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS109-89-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Diethylamine
Extinguishing Method(s): 5, 1

5: Flammable liquid fires can be extinguished using carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, and vaporizing liquid extinguishers, as long as the fires are small to moderate in size and the flammable liquid reservoir is shallow. Use of foam to form a blanket over a flammable liquid is not effective when the liquid is water-soluble. Certain alcohol resistant foams are effective extinguishing agents for polar, non-polar, and water-soluble liquid fires. These foams are preferred for fighting flammable liquid fires except those that involve water reactive flammable liquids.
1: "Water may be ineffective" applies to a situation where materials with a flash point below 100 degrees F (37.8 degrees C) are burning. Water will only be effective if used by experienced fire fighters under favorable conditions. Even though water may not put the fire out, it can be used to protect equipment and structures.

Diethylamine is a very dangerous fire hazard when it is exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers (Lewis, 1992; Bretherick, 1990).

It is flammable, even in aqueous solution (Budavari, 1989).

If diethylamine is involved in a fire, do not try to extinguish unless flow can be stopped. Use large quantities of water as a fog and to cool containers of diethylamine. Use alcohol foam, CO2, or dry chemical (Lewis, 1992) AAR, 1987).

Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back (NFPA, 1991).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Diethylamine is a very dangerous hazard when it is exposed to heat, oxidizers, or flame (Lewis, 1992; OHM/TADS , 1993).
When heated to combustion, diethylamine emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and toxic amine vapors (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1992; NFPA, 1991).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Vapor forms explosive mixture with air, and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back (NFPA, 1991; OHM/TADS , 1993).

Diethylamine explodes on contact with dicyanofurazan (Lewis, 1992; Bretherick, 1990).

It reacts violently with sulfuric acid (Lewis, 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Vapor forms explosive mixture with air, and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back (NFPA, 1991; OHM/TADS , 1993).

Vapors are toxic and in sufficient concentrations can cause tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema as well as caustic burns to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes (NFPA, 1991).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Diethylamine is highly reactive with oxidizers and acids (Lewis, 1992).

It explodes on contact with dicyanofurazan and reacts violently with sulfuric acid (Lewis, 1992; Bretherick, 1990).

It ignites on contact with large amounts of cellulose nitrate (Lewis, 1992).

Diethylamine also reacts with chlorine, hypochlorite, halogenated compounds, reactive organic compounds, and some metals (NFPA, 1991).

Diethylamine is a very dangerous fire hazard when it is exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers (Lewis, 1992; Bretherick, 1990).

It is flammable, even in aqueous solution (Budavari, 1989).

When heated to combustion, diethylamine emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and toxic amine vapors (ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1992; NFPA, 1991).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS109-89-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS109-89-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Diethylamine
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 5
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 15
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 75
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 200
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS109-89-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS109-89-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 200 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers (except for Hydrazine).
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Wear appropriate clothing and avoid all bodily contact with diethylamine. Keep heat, sparks, and oxidizing materials away from the material. Build dikes to contain flow if necessary; keep material out of water sources and sewers. If not too risky, attempt to stop the leak. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute pools of standing liquid (AAR, 1987).
Use sand, peat, or carbon to absorb water and place into containers for later disposal (HSDB , 1993; OHM/TADS , 1993).
Acetic acid can be used to neutralize water. Neutral or acidic solutions may be run through a cation exchanger (OHM/TADS , 1993).
Diethylamine may be poured into sodium bisulfate in a large evaporating dish to neutralize (ITI, 1988; OHM/TADS , 1993).
It may be dissolved in a combustible solvent, such as alcohol, and then burned in an open furnace carefully. The remainder may sprayed into the chamber of a furnace with an afterburner and scrubber (ITI, 1988; OHM/TADS , 1993).
Contact the local sewage or air authority to discuss disposal (OHM/TADS , 1993).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

For very small spills, remove all sources of ignition and ventilate the area. Wear protective clothing; absorb the spill onto paper towels. Evaporate the absorbed liquid in a fume hood. Burn the paper in a location away from combustible materials (HSDB , 1993).

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 132 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
Seek professional environmental engineering assistance through EPA's Environmental Response Team, 24-hour phone (201) 321-6660 (OHM/TADS , 1993).
Land Spill: Dig a holding area to contain liquid material. Dike the surface flow using soil, sand bags, polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with cement powder, carbon, fly ash, or commercial sorbents. Neutralize with sodium bisulfate (AAR, 1987).
Water Spill: Add sodium bisulfate. If dissolved concentration is greater than or equal to 10 parts per million, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount. Use mechanical dredges to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates (AAR, 1987).
Air Release: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Used knockdown water is corrosive and toxic and should be contained and treated as described above (AAR, 1987).
Report any spill in excess of 100 pounds to the National Response Center (800) 424-8802 (HSDB , 1993; NFPA, 1991).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Air: Diethylamine, when released into normal air, rapidly reacts with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (exact rate has not been determined). In polluted air, diethylamine degrades within 2 hours. Rain also "washes" diethylamine from the air (HSDB , 1993).

Water: Diethylamine may be dangerous if it enters water intakes; it may be explosive when confined in boiler feed or cooling system water (OHM/TADS , 1993).

Water: It is harmful to aquatic life even in very low concentrations. If pollution occurs, notify local health and wildlife officials and operators of nearby water intakes (CHRIS , 1993).

Water: TLm, freshwater creek chub: 85 mg/L per 48 hours (CHRIS , 1993). Freshwater chubs died after exposure to 100 ppm for 24 hours (OHM/TADS , 1993).

Soil: No experimental degradation rates are available. Diethylamine would be expected to volatilize quickly and leach readily into the soil (HSDB , 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- AIR: Diethylamine, when released into normal air, rapidly reacts with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (exact rate has not been determined). In polluted air, diethylamine degrades within 2 hours. Rain also "washes" diethylamine from the air (HSDB , 1993).
- WATER: Diethylamine readily biodegrades in water. In concentrations of 10 ppm, the half-life is 0.9 days (longer for lower concentrations). Diethylamine also volatilizes out of water (half-life: 31.6 hours in a model river) (HSDB , 1993).
- SOIL: No experimental degradation rates are available. Diethylamine would be expected to volatilize quickly and leach readily into the soil (HSDB , 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

AIR: Vapors are toxic to animals and humans and in sufficient concentrations can cause tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema as well as caustic burns to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

WATER: When dissolved in water, diethylamine is caustic and corrosive and will be toxic to aquatic animals. It is especially dangerous in concentrations of greater than or equal to 10 ppm (AAR, 1987).

TLm, freshwater creek chub: 85 mg/L per 48 hours
LD50, fathead minnow (30 days old): 855 mg/L per 96 hours at 24.7 degrees C (HSDB , 1993)
There is no food chain concentration potential (CHRIS , 1993).

SOIL:

Diethylamine on or in the soil is caustic and toxic to animals.
There is no food chain concentration potential (CHRIS , 1993).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

73.16 (RTECS , 1993)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Diethylamine is a colorless liquid with a fishy, ammonia-like odor (Hathaway et al, 1991; Lewis, 1992).

This compound is highly alkaline (HSDB , 1993).

VAPOR PRESSURE

400 mmHg (at 38 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; OHM/TADS , 1993)

195 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; OHM/TADS , 1993)

620 mmHg (at 50 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991; OHM/TADS , 1993)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

LIQUID: 0.7074 g/cm(3) (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-38.9 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)
-50 degrees C (NFPA, 1991)

BOILING POINT

55.5 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)

FLASH POINT

-26 degrees C; -15 degrees F (closed cup) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

5 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 1993)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

312 degrees C; 594 degrees F (ACGIH, 1991)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

1.8% (Sax & Lewis, 1989)

UPPER

10.1% (Sax & Lewis, 1989)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

It is miscible with water (Budavari, 1989).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is miscible with alcohol and chloroform (as well as most organic solvents); it is practically insoluble in ether (Budavari, 1989).
Diethylamine is somewhat fat-soluble; it will dissolve hot paraffin and carnauba waxes (HSDB , 1993).

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

49 CFR 172.101 - App. B: Department of Transportation - Table of Hazardous Materials, Appendix B: List of Marine Pollutants. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Aug 29, 2005.

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents