DIELDRIN

4941135; Dieldrin (agricultural insecticide, nonliquid)
4941134; Dieldrin (agricultural insecticide, liquid)
4941133; Dieldrin (insecticides other than agricultural)

DESIGNATIONS

EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE:045001

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C12-H8-Cl6-O

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

151-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)(for UN/NA Number2761)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(RTECS , 1994; HSDB , 1994)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Dieldrin was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use as a general insecticide has been discontinued in the US.
Dieldrin was first used by cotton growers in the 1950s. It has subsequently been used on other crops for the control of vector-borne diseases and for mothproofing woolen goods. It has also been used for the control of termites. In 1974 the registration of products containing dieldrin was canceled (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
The use of dieldrin is restricted to nonagricultural applications (Lewis, 1993). Uses allowed include the following (HSDB , 1994):

Subsurface ground insertion for termite control
Dipping of non-food roots and tops
Moth-proofing by manufacturing processes in a closed system.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Dieldrin is a human poison by ingestion and possibly other routes. It is a poison experimentally by inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. It causes experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects (Lewis, 1992).

Dieldrin is absorbed readily through the skin and by other routes. It is a central nervous system stimulant (Lewis, 1992).

It is a questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data. Human mutation data have been reported (Lewis, 1992).

Dieldrin is considerably more toxic than DDT by ingestion and skin contact. Dieldrin or its derivatives may accumulate in the body from chronic low dosages (Lewis, 1992).

Dieldrin is a convulsant. It causes liver cancer in mice (Hathaway et al, 1991).

A number of poisonings, including a few fatalities, have occurred among workers involved in spraying or in the manufacture of dieldrin (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Early symptoms of intoxication may include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, malaise, sweating, and myoclonic jerks of the limbs. Clonic and tonic convulsions and sometimes coma follow and may occur without the premonitory symptoms.
In some patients following convulsions, agitation, hyperactivity, and temporary personality changes, including weeping, mania, and inappropriate behavior, have occurred.
Recovery generally is prompt and complete over several weeks, although a few patients have been described with persistent symptoms for several months, and recurrent convulsions have rarely occurred.
The half-life of dieldrin in humans is reportedly as long as 0.73 year.
Dieldrin is well absorbed through the skin, as noted above, and this may be the primary route of occupational exposure.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that there is inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity to humans and limited evidence for carcinogenicity to animals (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Probable Routes of Human Exposure (HSDB , 1994):

Dieldrin is a very persistent insecticide and even though it is not used extensively now, residues are still detected in water, soils, sediments, fish, and food. Major general population exposure will occur through consumption of food. Consumption of fish from water bodies that have high levels of dieldrin may also provide significant exposure.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

With the lowest published lethal dose in humans of 28 mg/kg (by an unspecified route), dieldrin is a highly toxic substance (RTECS , 1995). The acute lethal dose for humans is in the range of 1.5 to 5 grams (Baselt, 1988). Besides endrin and aldrin, dieldrin is one of the most acutely toxic organochlorine insecticides.

Unintentional exposures in humans are generally at levels too low to induce drug metabolizing enzymes (Hayes et al, 1991).

Dieldrin is rapidly absorbed through the skin, GI tract, and respiratory tract (Gosselin et al, 1984; ACGIH, 1991). There have been significant poisonings and some fatalities from occupational uses of dieldrin (Hathaway et al, 1991).

Dieldrin, like other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in its class, is a central nervous system stimulant and convulsant (Lewis, 1992; Clinical Note, 1984). Signs of toxicity may appear when blood levels exceed 0.15 to 0.20 mg/L (Brown et al, 1964). Dieldrin is stored in the liver and fat and is excreted slowly (HSDB , 1995).

Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, malaise, sweating, and myoclonic jerks of the limbs are early symptoms of intoxication (Hathaway et al, 1991). EEG abnormalities may occur prior to seizures (Hathaway et al, 1991). Clonic and tonic convulsions and sometimes coma follow, and may occur without the premonitory symptoms (Hathaway et al, 1991). Periods of severe central nervous system depression may alternate with convulsive episodes. Death may occur from respiratory arrest during persistent coma (Gosselin et al, 1984).

Hypertension, leukocytosis, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, fever, and metabolic acidosis may occur during the acute stage, presumably as consequences of CNS stimulation. Headache and sleep, memory, and behavioral disturbances and convulsions may persist for days, weeks, or months (Black, 1974; Hathaway et al, 1991; Hayes et al, 1991).

Blurred vision, nystagmus, and irreversible deterioration of vision have been described in cases of dieldrin exposure (Gosselin et al, 1984; Grant, 1986).

In some patients, following resolution of convulsions, agitation, hyperactivity, and temporary personality changes (weeping, mania, and inappropriate behavior) have occurred (Hayes et al, 1991).

Recovery generally is prompt and complete over several weeks, although a few patients have been described with persistent symptoms for several months; recurrent convulsions have occurred rarely.

Immunosuppression was produced in mice by a single sublethal IP injection of dieldrin at 60% of the LD50 (Bernier et al, 1987). Immunosuppression was also produced by subchronic exposure to much lower levels (see next section). This suggests the possibility that dieldrin may be carcinogenic by an indirect mechanism of immunosuppression.

Dieldrin is thought to exert its excitatory effects on the nervous system at the synapse, by binding to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA-A TBPS (t-butylbiscyclophosphorothionate) receptor (Lawrence & Casida, 1984). Benzodiazepines such as DIAZEPAM and barbiturates enhance GABA binding, and this is thought to be the basis of their effectiveness in counteracting dieldrin-induced seizures (ATSDR, 1993).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Dieldrin may accumulate in the body with chronic or repeated exposure, and is thus potentially capable of CUMULATIVE TOXICITY (Lewis, 1992). Its half-life in humans has been estimated to be as long as 592 days, with a mean of 369 days (Hunter et al, 1969). The major depot for accumulation of dieldrin is body fat (Baselt, 1988).

The excretion rate depends on the amount of body fat, and does not follow first order kinetics. As body stores get lower, the half-life for the remaining store increases dramatically. In one controlled study, the average half-life was 1 year after termination of exposure (Hunter et al, 1969). Blood levels are inversely related to the extent of obesity.

Symptoms of chronic occupational exposure include headache, nausea, dizziness, fainting, general malaise, muscle spasms, tremors, and, in severe cases, epileptiform convulsions (Grant, 1986; ACGIH, 1991; Hayes et al, 1991). Hyperexcitability and hyperactivity may persist following recovery from convulsions (Hayes et al, 1991).

In one occupational study, 223 workers exposed to dieldrin for an average of 6.6 years in a manufacturing setting experienced no apparent adverse effects at an average of 7.4 years after exposure was discontinued (Versteeg & Jager, 1973). A group of 27 workers with elevated blood dieldrin levels of at least 15 ppb showed no apparent adverse clinical effects, but did tend to perform more poorly on psychological and psychomotor tests (Sandifer et al, 1981).

In volunteers given oral doses of dieldrin ranging from 10 to 211 mcg over a period of 18 months, no apparent adverse effects were seen (Hunter et al, 1969). Applicators developed a reversible epilepsy-like syndrome from repeated exposures (72:1087-1091). The long-term effects of occupational exposure to dieldrin have been reviewed (de Jong, 1991).

Immunohemolytic anemia due to antidieldrin IgG antibody has been reported in one case of occupational dieldrin exposure (Muirhead et al, 1959). Another case was attributed to ingestion of dieldrin-contaminated fish (Hamilton et al, 1978).

Dieldrin induces cytochrome P450 and hepatomegaly in animals (HSDB , 1995; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Hayes et al, 1991). Repeated exposure induced progressively more severe convulsions in rats, which could not be explained on the basis of simple accumulation of dieldrin in the brain; this phenomenon is called "kindling" (Joy et al, 1980).

Cranial edema, convulsions, and nonspecific neural lesions were produced in Wistar rats given 0.08 to 40 ppm dieldrin in the diet for periods up to 2 years (HSDB , 1995; Harr, 1970b). Tremors, irritability, and occasional convulsions were seen in Carworth Farm "E" rats given 10 ppm dieldrin in the diet for 2 years; increased liver weights, focal proliferation, and hyperplasia characteristic of organochlorine insecticides were seen in female rats (Walker et al, 1969).

Blindness was produced in rabbits fed dieldrin at 60 to 110 mg/kg/week for 12 weeks; mice injected with 20 mg IP showed altered photoreceptor cell electrical responses (Grant, 1986).

Mice fed 1 to 5 mg/kg dieldrin in the diet for 3.5 or 10 weeks were immunosuppressed, as measured by increased susceptibility to lethal Leishmania tropica infection, reduced anti-PVP antibody formation in the spleen plaque assay, and decreased mitogenic response of T cells in culture (Loose, 1982).

Kidney lesions developed in male and female Osborne-Mendel rats given 50 ppm or higher dieldrin in the diet and were a common cause of death (Reuber, 1987).

Dieldrin was detected more frequently in the brains of 20 Parkinson's disease patients then in the brains of 7 patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease or 14 control individuals (Fleming et al, 1994). The significance of this small study is difficult to determine.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance;give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration . Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and skin (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

The following treatment information is for Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides in general -

INHALATION EXPOSURE

Move patient from the toxic environment to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty in breathing develops, evaluate for hypoxia, respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis.
OBSERVATION: Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
INITIAL TREATMENT: Administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen, perform endotracheal intubation and provide assisted ventilation as required. Administer inhaled beta-2 adrenergic agonists, if bronchospasm develops. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm (National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute, 2007). Exposed skin and eyes should be flushed with copious amounts of water.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. Rescue personnel and bystanders should avoid direct contact with contaminated skin, clothing, or other objects (Burgess et al, 1999). Since contaminated leather items cannot be decontaminated, they should be discarded (Simpson & Schuman, 2002).

EYE EXPOSURE

EYE IRRIGATION, ROUTINE: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, an ophthalmologic examination should be performed (Peate, 2007; Naradzay & Barish, 2006).

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the risk of seizures and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, do not induce emesis.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

Do not give oils by mouth.
Do not administer adrenergic amines, which may further increase myocardial irritability and produce refractory ventricular arrhythmias.
CHOLESTYRAMINE - Oral administration may enhance the excretion of kepone and chlordane (and perhaps other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides) which are trapped in the enterohepatic circulation.
HEMODIALYSIS - Probably ineffective.
EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION - Probably ineffective.
HEMOPERFUSION - Probably ineffective.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The lowest published lethal dose for humans (unreported route) is 28 mg/kg. The lowest published lethal dose for a man via ingestion is 65 mg/kg (RTECS , 1994).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS60-57-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Dieldrin

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): B2 ; Listed as: Dieldrin

B2 : Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Dieldrin

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Dieldrin

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS60-57-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor: 1.6x10(1) per mg/kg-day
RfD: 5x10(-5) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk: 4.6 per mg/m3
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk: 4.6x10(-1) per mg/L

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 1994 HSDB, 1994
- LC50- (INHALATION)CAT:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)CHICKEN:
- LD50- (ORAL)DOG:
- LD50- (ORAL)GOAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)HAMSTER:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)PRIMATE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)SHEEP:
- LDLo- (ORAL)CAT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)CAT:
- LDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- LDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RABBIT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS60-57-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Dieldrin

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.1 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: IFV, Skin
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.
IFV: Inhalable fraction and vapor.
Skin: This refers to the potential significant contribution to the overall exposure by the cutaneous route, including mucous membranes and the eyes, either by contact with vapors or, of likely greater significance, by direct skin contact with the substance. It should be noted that although some materials are capable of causing irritation, dermatitis, and sensitization in workers, these properties are not considered relevant when assigning a skin notation. Rather, data from acute dermal studies and repeated dose dermal studies in animals or humans, along with the ability of the chemical to be absorbed, are integrated in the decision-making toward assignment of the skin designation. Use of the skin designation provides an alert that air sampling would not be sufficient by itself in quantifying exposure from the substance and that measures to prevent significant cutaneous absorption may be warranted. Please see "Definitions and Notations" (in TLV booklet) for full definition.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Liver dam; repro eff; CNS impair
Molecular Weight: 380.93

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS60-57-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS60-57-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Dieldrin
REL:

TWA: 0.25 mg/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: [skin]

Indicates the potential for dermal absorption; skin exposure should be prevented as necessary through the use of good work practices and gloves, coveralls, goggles, and other appropriate equipment.

Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH:

IDLH: 50 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

Ca: NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

OSHA PEL Values for CAS60-57-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Dieldrin
Table Z-1 for Dieldrin:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 0.25

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: Yes
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS60-57-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS60-57-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Dieldrin
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:
Listed as: 2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene,3,4,5,6,9,9- hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a- octahydro-,(1aalpha,2beta, 2aalpha,3beta,6beta,6aalpha, 7beta,7aalpha)-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1 (0.454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS60-57-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS60-57-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Dieldrin
P or U series number: P037
Footnote:
Listed as: 2,7:3,6-Dimethanonaphth[2,3-b]oxirene, 3,4,5,6,9,9-hexachloro-1a,2,2a,3,6,6a,7,7a-octahydro-,(1aalpha,2beta,2aalpha,3beta,6beta,6aalpha,7beta, 7aalpha)-
P or U series number: P037
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS60-57-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS60-57-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS60-57-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Dieldrin
Severe Marine Pollutant: Yes

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS60-57-1 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2761 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Organochlorine, pesticides, solid, toxic

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2761
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB7, IP1, T6, TP33

IB7: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F). Additional Requirement: Liners of wooden IBCs must be sift-proof.
IP1: IBCs must be packed in closed freight containers or a closed transport vehicle.
T6: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 211
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 5 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 50 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Organochlorine, pesticides, solid, toxic

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2761
Packing Group: II

II: Packing Group II - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is medium.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB8, IP2, IP4, T3, TP33

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP2: When IBCs other than metal or rigid plastics IBCs are used, they must be offered for transportation in a closed freight container or a closed transport vehicle.
IP4: Flexible, fiberboard or wooden IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
T3: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 212
Bulk packaging: 242

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 25 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 100 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Organochlorine, pesticides, solid, toxic

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2761
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB8, IP3, T1, TP33

IB8: Authorized IBCs: Metal (11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (11H1, 11H2, 21H1, 21H2, 31H1 and 31H2); Composite (11HZ1, 11HZ2, 21HZ1, 21HZ2, 31HZ1 and 31HZ2); Fiberboard (11G); Wooden (11C, 11D and 11F); Flexible (13H1, 13H2, 13H3, 13H4, 13H5, 13L1, 13L2, 13L3, 13L4, 13M1 or 13M2).
IP3: Flexible IBCs must be sift-proof and water-resistant or must be fitted with a sift-proof and water-resistant liner.
T1: Minimum test pressure (bar): 1.5; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(2).
TP33: The portable tank instruction assigned for this substance applies for granular and powdered solids and for solids which are filled and discharged at temperatures above their melting point which are cooled and transported as a solid mass. Solid substances transported or offered for transport above their melting point are authorized for transportation in portable tanks conforming to the provisions of portable tank instruction T4 for solid substances of packing group III or T7 for solid substances of packing group II, unless a tank with more stringent requirements for minimum shell thickness, maximum allowable working pressure, pressure-relief devices or bottom outlets are assigned in which case the more stringent tank instruction and special provisions shall apply. Filling limits must be in accordance with portable tank special provision TP3. Solids meeting the defnintion of an elevated temperature material must be transported in accordance with the applicable requirements of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 213
Bulk packaging: 240

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 100 kg
Cargo aircraft only: 200 kg

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2761 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Organochlorine pesticide, solid, toxic
UN Number: 2761

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS60-57-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Keep in well-ventilated area (OHM/TADS , 1994).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 60-57-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
Dieldrin is a nonflammable solid (ACGIH, 1991).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS60-57-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS60-57-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty (HSDB , 1994).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, dieldrin emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, dieldrin emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, dieldrin emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

Dieldrin is stable in organic and inorganic alkalies and acids commonly used in agriculture. It is affected by strong mineral acids (Budavari, 1989).

It also reacts with acid catalysts, acid oxidizing agents, phenols, and active metals (ACGIH, 1991).

It is noncorrosive to steel, brass, Monel metal, copper, nickel, and aluminum (Clayton & Clayton, 1991).

It is compatible with most fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides (Lewis, 1993).

Dieldrin reacts with anhydrous hydrogen bromide to give the bromohydrin (HSDB , 1994).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS60-57-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS60-57-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Dieldrin
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 0.25
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 0.3
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 25
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 50
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS60-57-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS60-57-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 50 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

(Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 151 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material (HSDB , 1994).
Land Spill: Dike surface flow using soil, or sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete (HSDB , 1994).
Land Spill: Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder (HSDB , 1994).
Water Spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill motion (HSDB , 1994).
Water Spill: If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in regions of 10 ppm or greater concentration (HSDB , 1994).
Water Spill: Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates (HSDB , 1994).

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Dieldrin may be treated via chemical precipitation, reverse osmosis, or activated carbon systems (HSDB , 1994).
At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

Dieldrin is a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1600 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids (HSDB , 1994).
Dieldrin (15% emulsifiable concentrate and 72% chlordane emulsfiable concentrates. Mixed 1:3 ratio) placed into a liquid injection incinerator with a temperature range of 877 to 1038 degrees C and a residence time of 0.153 to 1.71 seconds with 45.8 to 51% excess air produced a destruction efficiency greater than 99.98% (HSDB , 1994).
Spills involving dieldrin have been treated using the US Environmental Protection Agency's hazardous materials spills treatment trailer. The treatment trailer is used to mitigate environmental effects by filtering and carbon adsorption. Using the trailer, ninety percent removal was achieved for 21 of 23 compounds surveyed (HSDB , 1994).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Dieldrin has been used as an insecticide mostly for corn and in smaller amounts for termite control. It is also an environmental degradation product of the insecticide, aldrin. Aldrin and dieldrin are no longer registered as general use insecticides (HSDB , 1994).

Dieldrin in dairy products, fish, nonfatty foods, or vegetable oils may be identified by combinations of gas and thin layer chromatography (HSDB , 1994).

For oysters, the levels were 31.3 to 500 ng/g by the multi-residue isolation technique using MSPD and GC-ECD (Lott & Barker, 1993a).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

Little is known about the fate of dieldrin in the atmosphere. Because of its low vapor pressure and high Koc, dieldrin is probably associated with particulate matter. Vapor phase photodegradation has been noted but its rate has not been reported (HSDB , 1994).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Dieldrin released to water systems will not undergo hydrolysis or biodegrade. It will photo-rearrange to photodieldrin with a half-life of approximately 4 months, or somewhat faster in waters containing photosensitizers (HSDB , 1994).
- Adsorption to sediments and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms are likely to be important aquatic processes (HSDB , 1994).
- Evaporation from water may be an important process, but conflicting data are available (half-life of hours to months) (HSDB , 1994).
- In a modeling study of a reservoir, it was concluded that 40% of the inflow was lost to the bottom via sedimentation, 50% released through the outflow because of the short detention time, and 10% will go to fish because of the high biomass concentration. At low flow conditions, the sediment will become a net source of dieldrin (HSDB , 1994).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Dieldrin released to soils will persist for extremely long periods of time (greater than 7 years). Its low water solubility and strong adsorption to soil makes leaching into groundwater unlikely. Small amounts may volatilize from soil or be carried on dust particles into the air. Soil runoff will carry particle-associated dieldrin to water systems (HSDB , 1994).

OTHER

OTHER
- WATER: The half-life of dieldrin in water via photolysis is approximately 4 months, or somewhat faster in waters containing photosensitizers (HSDB , 1994).

BIODEGRADATION

Photodieldrin is an "environmental metabolite" of dieldrin that has been found to be partially formed by microorganisms. Following the spraying of 5.6 kg/ha of dieldrin on pasture land, photodieldrin accounted for one-third to one-half the total dieldrin residue in the grasses after the first 23 days (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIRDS

Tests were conducted to determine the effects of dieldrin in continuous-flow water and in food on survival, growth, and bioconcentration in mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) (Nebeker et al, 1992).
- Dieldrin had no effect on survival or growth at concentrations at or below water saturation (0.2 mg/L), but tissue (lipid, skin, liver, muscle, brain, blood) dieldrin concentrations increased rapidly (up to a mean of 217 mcg/g) and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) showed up to 1995 times (mean steady-state lipid BCF of 1345) more dieldrin in tissues than in the water.
- Significant effects on survival, growth, and behavior were observed in ducks fed dieldrin-spiked food, and tissues rapidly concentrated dieldrin up to five times more than those in the water-only test.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

ECOTOXICITY VALUES (HSDB , 1994; CHRIS , 1994):

LC50, Tubifex and Limnodrilus (mixed cultures), 6700 mcg/L/96 hr, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Cypretta kawati (ostracod), 185 mcg/L/24 hr; 12.3 mcg/L/72 hr, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Chironomus tentans, 0.9 mcg/L/24 hr, conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50, Pseudacris triseriata (frog, tadpoles), 100 mcg/L/96 hr, conditions of bioassay not specified
LD50, Mallard, 6 to 7 month old females, oral, 381 mg/kg
LD50, Pheasant, 10 to 23 month old males, oral, 79.0 mg/kg
LD50, Partridge, 8 to 11 month old, oral, 23.4 mg/kg
LD50, House sparrow, females, oral, 47.6 mg/kg
LD50, Canada goose, adults, oral, 50 to 150 mg/kg
LD50, Fulvous tree duck, females, oral, 100 to 200 mg/kg
LD50, Gray partridge, 3 to 10 month old females, oral, 8.84 mg/kg
LD50, Mule deer, 8 to 18 month old males, oral, 75 to 150 mg/kg
LC50, Cutthroat trout, weight 1.1 grams, 6.0 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Rainbow trout, weight 1.4 grams, 1.2 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Goldfish, weight 1.0 g, 1.8 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Fathead minnow, weight 0.6 gram, 3.8 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Channel catfish, weight 1.4 grams, 4.5 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Bluegill, weight 1.3 g, 3.1 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Largemouth bass, weight 2.5 g, 3.5 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Cutthroat trout, weight 1.3 g, 12 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Bluegill, weight 1.4 g, 11 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Channel catfish, weight 1.4 g, 19 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Asellus, mature, 5.0 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Gammarus fasciatus, mature, 640 mcg/L, static bioassay
LC50, Orconectes, mature, 740 mcg/L, static bioassay
LC50, Pteronarcys, second year class, 0.5 mcg/L, static bioassay
LC50, Pteronarcella, first year class, 0.5 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Claassemia, second year class, 0.6 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Ischnura, juvenile, 12 mcg/L/96 hr, static bioassay
LC50, Japanese quail (young coturnix), 5 day diet, 60 ppm
LC50, Aedes aegypti (mosquito), late third instar larvae, 6 ppb/24 hr, conditions of bioassay not specified
LD50, Musca domestica (housefly), 3 day old female, 9.8 mcg/fly
LC50, Bufo woodhousi (toad, tadpoles), 150 mcg/L/96 hr, conditions of bioassay not specified
TLm, Goldfish, 0.037 ppm/96 hr, fresh water
100% Kill, Mullet, 0.050 ppm/5 hr, salt water
TLm, Brown Shrimp, 0.025 to 0.050 ppm/48 hr, salt water

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

380.93 (Budavari, 1989)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

PURE DIELDRIN

white crystalline solid (Budavari, 1989; ACGIH, 1991)
odorless (Lewis, 1992; ACGIH, 1991)

TECHNICAL GRADE DIELDRIN

light tan to brown powder with a mild "chemical" odor (ACGIH, 1991)
Technical dieldrin contains not less than 81% dieldrin, not less than 14% insecticidally active related compounds, and not over 5% of other compounds (ACGIH, 1991).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

3.1x10(-6) mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

3.1x10(-6) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

7.78x10(-7) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

1.8x10(-7) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

SOLID: 1.75 (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

DENSITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

SOLID: 1.75 g/cm(3) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

176-177 degrees C (Budavari, 1989; ACGIH, 1991)
150 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)
TECHNICAL GRADE: Not less than 95 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

BOILING POINT

decomposes (NIOSH, 1994)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Dieldrin is practically insoluble in water (Budavari, 1989).
186 mcg/L water (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Dieldrin is moderately soluble in common organic solvents except aliphatic petroleum solvents and methyl alcohol (Budavari, 1989).
22 g/100 mL acetone (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)
4 g/100 mL ethanol (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)
48 g/100 mL ethylene dichloride (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)
48 g/100 mL dichloromethane (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)
40 g/100 mL benzene (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)
41 g/100 mL toluene (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)
38 g/100 mL carbon tetrachloride (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)
1 g/100 mL methanol (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1994)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents