DICAMBA

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C8-H6-Cl2-O3

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

152-SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(RTECS , 2002; Lewis, 1996)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

This herbicide has often been used for brush control along highways and is effective against broadleaf annuals and perennials (Gosselin et al, 1984; Thomson, 1981). Commercial use includes maintenance of pastures, forest lands, fence rows, and transportation and utility rights-of-way (Harp, 2001).
Dicamba-containing herbicides have been considered viable alternatives for several of the suspended uses of silvex and 2,4,5-T, such as for home lawns, pastures, along ditch banks, and brush control in pastures (EPA, 1988). Weed reduction in grain/cereal crops is a primary agricultural use of dicamba (Harp, 2001).
It is used to control dock in established grassland and to control bracken (Lewis, 1996).

FORMS

Dicamba is an odorless, white or brown, crystalline solid. It has also been described as crystals from pentane. It is soluble in water and is resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation under normal environmental conditions (Harp, 2001; Budavari, 1996; CHRIS , 1992).

SOURCES

Dicamba is a component of many mixtures, some of which include: Cambilene, Banlene, Razol, Monkdak, Weedmaster, Banvel CST, Banvel D, Banvel XG, Banvel-K, Provel, and Scotlene (Thomson, 1981).
Brand names include Banvel (Sandoz) and Mediben (Sandoz) (Budavari, 1996; Lewis, 1996).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

USES: Dicamba is an aromatic acid herbicide and related to chlorophenoxy compounds, such as 2,4 D.

TOXICOLOGY: Toxic effects reported are mostly topical irritation.

EPIDEMIOLOGY: It is a commonly used herbicide, so exposures are frequent. However, serious toxicity is rare, especially with dicamba alone. Most exposures occur with a mixture of herbicides, including chlorophenoxy compounds. Fatalities reported are due to a mixture of herbicides, and not dicamba alone.

WITH POISONING/EXPOSURE

MILD TO MODERATE TOXICITY: Mild to moderate toxicity consists of mild dermal and mucous membrane irritation. Burning of mucous membranes may occur with ingestion, along with gastrointestinal upset. Transient ECG abnormalities (ie, QT interval prolongation, tachycardia) have been reported with ingestion. Dyspnea and cyanosis can occur with respiratory exposure.
SEVERE TOXICITY: Severe toxicity after large exposures can consist of CNS depression, metabolic acidosis, muscular weakness, dyspnea, and cyanosis. Shock with respiratory failure has been reported with large exposures.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Avoid any skin contact.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

-FIRST AID

FIRST AID AND PREHOSPITAL TREATMENT

Do not induce vomiting if ingested. With inhalational exposures, move patient to fresh air. With dermal exposures, remove clothing and wash exposed areas with soap and water. If ocular exposure occurs, irrigate thoroughly.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. Rescue personnel and bystanders should avoid direct contact with contaminated skin, clothing, or other objects (Burgess et al, 1999). Since contaminated leather items cannot be decontaminated, they should be discarded (Simpson & Schuman, 2002).

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Carefully examine patients with chemical exposure before administering ipecac to induce emesis. If signs of oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal irritation, a depressed gag reflex, or central nervous system excitation or depression are present, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED.
Most patients with dicamba exposures do not need laboratory evaluation. Laboratory and radiographic evaluation can be targeted to symptoms (eg, chest). Monitor vital signs and mental status and evaluate for respiratory distress. Dicamba serum concentrations are not routinely available and are not useful to guide management.
SUPPORTIVE CARE: Symptomatic and supportive care is the mainstay for dicamba exposures. Rinse mouth and administer a small amount of water after ingestion. Treat respiratory distress symptomatically by administering oxygen and bronchodilators as needed for bronchospasm. If respiratory failure or severe CNS depression develops, airway protection may be indicated.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

According to a review of medical records involving 12 patients who were admitted after intentionally ingesting up to 300 mL of a pesticide containing 40% dicamba, 8 patients were discharged without sequelae following conservative supportive treatment, including 1 session each of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. Of the other 4 patients requiring hospital stays longer than 7 days, 1 patient developed pneumonia and paralytic ileus, 1 patient developed a catheter-related infection, elevated aminotransferase concentrations were reported in the third patient and ultimately attributed to hepatitis C infection, and microscopic hematuria was noted on the urinalysis of the fourth patient (Park et al, 2011).

A retrospective review of cases from 2006 to 2013 was conducted of patients with dicamba poisoning who presented to a hospital in South Korea. There were 14 patients (ages ranging from 18 to 79 years) identified, who intentionally ingested dicamba herbicide only and presented to the emergency department within 24 hours postingestion. The amounts ingested ranged from 100 to 400 mL. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, metabolic acidosis, leukocytosis, tachycardia, and QT interval prolongation were reported following ingestion. All patients recovered with supportive care (Moon & Chun, 2014).

CASE REPORT: A 40-year-old man presented with a burning sensation in his substernal area and hematemesis approximately 1 hour after intentionally ingesting 300 mL of dicamba herbicide. An upper endoscopy revealed Grade IIa corrosive esophagitis as well as several mucosal defects down the length of the esophagus, and atrophic gastritis. With supportive therapy, including administration of a proton-pump inhibitor for approximately 1 week, the patient recovered. A follow-up endoscopy 18 days after admission showed complete healing of the esophageal lesions (Moon & Chun, 2014).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS1918-00-9 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Assessed under the IRIS program. ; Listed as: Dicamba
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS1918-00-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD: 3x10(-2) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: HSDB, 1992 RTECS, 2002
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS1918-00-9 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Not Listed

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS1918-00-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS1918-00-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS1918-00-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS1918-00-9 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS1918-00-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Dicamba
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

1000 (454)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS1918-00-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS1918-00-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS1918-00-9 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS1918-00-9 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Dicamba (3,6-Dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid)
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/95
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS1918-00-9 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS1918-00-9 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS1918-00-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Dicamba is stable, as well as resistant to oxidation and hydrolysis under normal storage conditions (HSDB , 1992).
While no label is required for shipment, dicamba should be clearly identified in storage areas (HSDB , 1992).
Keep containers tightly closed in a well-ventilated area away from food products (OHM/TADS , 1992).
Store in area away from seed fertilizers, insecticides or fungicides (OHM/TADS , 1992).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Keep away from heat and water (OHM/TADS , 1992).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 1918-00-9.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Runoff may pollute waterways.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Dicamba is nonflammable (HSDB , 1992).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS1918-00-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS1918-00-9 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, dicamba emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, dicamba emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, dicamba emits toxic fumes of chlorides (Sax & Lewis, 1989).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS1918-00-9 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS1918-00-9 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS1918-00-9 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS1918-00-9 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 152 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS - LAND SPILL (AAR, 1987)
- Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
- Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.
- Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.
- Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS - WATER SPILL (AAR, 1987)
- If dissolved in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount.
- Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
At the time of this review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices (HSDB , 1992).
Dicamba can be disposed of via incineration in a unit equipped with an effluent gas scrubber to remove hydrochloric acid (HSDB , 1992).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

The primary environmental emission source of dicamba is herbicidal application. Dicamba is used as a pre- and post-emergent herbicide for the control of annual broadleaf weeds in both crop and non-croplands with application by means of aerial or ground spraying or by basal application of granules (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- TERRESTRIAL FATE
- AQUATIC FATE
- ATMOSPHERIC FATE
- BIOCONCENTRATION: In an aquatic ecosystem study, dicamba did not bioaccumulate in algae, clam, crab, daphnia, elodea, mosquito fish, mosquito larvae or snail over a 32-day test period (HSDB , 1992).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Ecotoxicity Values (HSDB , 1992):

EC50, Daphnia magna, Greater than 100 mg/L/48 hours at 21 degrees C, first instar
LC50 Salmo gairdneri (Rainbow trout), 28 mg/L/96 hours at 12 degrees C, weight 0.8 gram
LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill), Greater than 50 mg/L/96 hours at 12 degrees C, weight 0.9 gram
LC50, Asellus, Greater than 100 mg/L/96 hours at 15 degrees C, mature
LC50, Gammarus fasciatus, Greater than 100 mg/L/96 hours at 15 degrees C, mature
LC50, Paleomonetes, Greater than 56 mg/L/96 hours at 21 degrees C, mature

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

221.04 (Budavari, 1996)

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

This compound exists as odorless, colorless crystals (Hartley & Kidd, 1987; HSDB , 1992).

pale buff crystalline solid (technical product) (HSDB , 1999)

brown crystalline solid (technical acid) (HSDB , 1999)

white crystalline solid (reference grade) (HSDB , 1999)

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

0.00375 mmHg (at 100 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

4.5 mPa (at 25 degrees C) (Hartley & Kidd, 1987)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
SOLID: 1.57 g/cm(3) (HSDB , 1999)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

114-116 degrees C (Budavari, 1996)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Dicamba: It is very slightly soluble in water (Budavari, 1996).
Dicamba: 0.45 g/100 mL (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)
Dicamba: 0.65 g
Sodium Dicamba: 360 g of the acid equivalent/L (Hartley & Kidd, 1987)
Dicamba, Potassium Salt: 480 g of the acid equivalent/L (Hartley & Kidd, 1987)
Dicamba, Dimethylammonium Salt: 720 g of the acid equivalent/L (Hartley & Kidd, 1987)
DICAMBA

SOLUBILITY IN SOLVENTS

Dicamba is readily soluble in ketones (HSDB , 1999).
It is soluble in ethanol and acetone (Budavari, 1996).
Dicamba is moderately soluble in xylene and very soluble in alcohol (Lewis, 1997).
Dicamba is insoluble in pentane (HSDB , 1999).
Solubility in 100 mL solvent (at 25 degrees C) (Hartley & Kidd, 1987; HSDB , 1999): acetone (81.0 g); cyclohexanone (91.6 g); diacetone alcohol (91.0 g); ethanol (92.2 g); heavy aromatic naphthanes (6.0 g); methylene chloride (26.0 g); toluene (13.0 g); xylene (9.0 g or 7.8 g)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

ODOR THRESHOLD

250.8 ppm (HSDB , 1999)

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents