DIBORANE

It is used in rocket propellants, as a dopant for p-type semiconductors, as a reducing agent, rubber vulcanizer, flame-speed accelerator, and catalyst for olefin polymerization (Lewis, 1997; Budavari, 1996; ACGIH, 1991). It is also used extensively in the microelectronics industry (LaDou, 1983).

FORMS

Diborane is a colorless, flammable gas with an offensive, sickly-sweet odor (EPA, 1985; AAR, 1998; ACGIH, 1991; Lewis, 1997; Budavari, 1996). It can SPONTANEOUSLY IGNITE at ambient temperatures in the presence of impurities (Budavari, 1996). Diborane reacts rapidly with water, as may occur in the body, to form BORIC ACID (AAR, 1998).
The odor threshold for diborane is approximately 3.3 ppm (Hathaway et al, 1996). ODOR IS NOT A SUFFICIENT WARNING TO PREVENT OVEREXPOSURE. In any event, odor alone should never be used to determine if an environment is safe.
The following review is based on the toxicologic properties of BORON HYDRIDES in general, with effects attributed specifically to diborane noted.

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Diborane is a strong irritant to the respiratory system, skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may also cause neurological effects, liver, and kidney damage, but its primary effects are on the respiratory system. It is the least systemically toxic of the boron hydrides.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

ACUTE CLINICAL EFFECTS

Boron hydrides can be absorbed by the oral, inhalation, or dermal route (Clayton & Clayton, 1994). The major route of occupational exposure to diborane is inhalation (because it is a gas) (Hathaway et al, 1996). Diborane is a pulmonary irritant and, at high concentrations, an eye irritant (Hathaway et al, 1991).

After acute exposure, symptoms may be delayed for up to 24 hours (Plunkett, 1976). Diborane acts primarily on the respiratory system and, to a lesser extent, on the central nervous system (CNS) (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994). It is the most potent of the boranes for producing respiratory effects, but is the least toxic of the boron hydrides (Sittig, 1991).

Chest tightness, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), nonproductive cough, and wheezing may be seen 3 to 5 days following exposure (Cordasco et al, 1962; Hathaway et al, 1996). Pulmonary edema may also occur (Kunkel et al, 1956; Lowe & Freeman, 1957; Schechter, 1958). High-level exposures can produce symptoms similar to those of metal fume fever (Budavari, 1996). Refer to Metal Fume Fever for more information.

Weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, and coma may be seen (Rozendaal, 1951; Lowe & Freeman, 1957). Extended exposure to low concentrations may produce headache, chills, fever, and vertigo (ACGIH, 1991).

Muscle fasciculations (twitching) and tremors leading to seizures have been noted with exposure to high doses of related compounds (Finkel, 1983). Workers exposed to related compounds are often confused, have difficulty concentrating, and have memory loss (Rozendaal, 1951).

Diborane is a mucous membrane irritant (Lewis, 1993). Corneal opacification has been observed in experimental animals exposed to boron hydrides (Clayton & Clayton, 1981). Mild hypertension (high blood pressure), bradycardia (slow heart rate), decrease in cardiac output, and ventricular fibrillation have occurred in experimental animals exposed to diborane (Kunkel et al, 1956; Lowe & Freeman, 1957).

Anorexia, nausea, hypersalivation (Levinskas, 1958; Cordasco et al, 1962; Plunkett, 1976), abnormal liver and kidney function tests (Finkel, 1983), and skin irritation (Lewis, 1996) may also occur. Post-traumatic stress disorder has been reported following exposure to pentaborane (Silverman et al, 1985).

Rapid brain death or severe injury may occur (Yarborough, 1985), and prolonged neuropsychiatric injury may follow acute exposure to boranes (Hart et al, 1984; Silverman et al, 1985; Silverman et al, 1990).

The lungs were the target of acute diborane inhalation in mice. Diffuse pan bronchiolitis-like lesions involving infiltration of inflammatory cells into the terminal bronchioles and alveoli, and pulmonary congestion, bleeding and/or edema, developed in the lungs of mice exposed to 15 ppm diborane for periods up to 8 hours (Uemura et al, 1995).

Rats exposed to 20 ppm diborane for 4 hours showed increases in neutrophils, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, and superoxide dismutase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Rats exposed to 1 or 10 ppm diborane showed dose-dependent increases in total protein, alpha(1)-antitrypsin activity, and phospholipids in BALF, indicators of alveolar capillary and cell damage (Nomiyama, 1995).

CHRONIC CLINICAL EFFECTS

Repeated exposure may result in hypersensitivity asthmatic bronchitis with dry cough, rales, wheezing, hyperventilation, dyspnea, and chest tightness. Respiratory symptoms may persist for years (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Sittig, 1991).

Headache, dizziness, fatigue, weakness, and transient tremors may occur with prolonged exposure (Sittig, 1991). Chronic pentaborane exposure has resulted in apathy, pain insensitivity, and stupor (Levinskas, 1958).

The respiratory tract was mainly affected by subacute diborane inhalation exposure in mice. Lymphoid hyperplasia in the perivascular and peribronchial areas and mucous exudate and inflammatory cells in the nasal cavity were seen in mice exposed to an airborne concentration of 5 ppm of diborane for 2 or 4 weeks (Uemura et al, 1995).

Neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased in a dose-dependent manner in rats exposed to 0.11 or 0.96 ppm diborane for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Serum levels of alpha(1)-antitrypsin activity and superoxide dismutase increased (Nomiyama et al, 1996).

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Keep victim under observation.
Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

PERSONNEL PROTECTION - Rescuers must be protected from inhalation by self-contained breathing and from contact by plastic gloves.
INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
Patients should be evaluated for liver and kidney damage.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
Prophylactic antibiotic therapy may reduce the chances of respiratory infection.
Anyone who has breathed vapor must be seen in an emergency room immediately, and then should return for follow-up visits for several months. Follow-up examinations should include testing for neuropsychiatric abnormalities.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

Remove all contaminated clothing. Dilute the area with copious amounts of cool water. These substances may hydrolyze exothermically, so small amounts of water may result in thermal burns. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.
Anyone who has had a significant dermal exposure must be seen in an emergency room immediately, and then should return for follow-up visits for several months. Follow-up examinations should include testing for neuropsychiatric abnormalities.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Ingestions of diborane are extremely unlikely as it is a gas at room temperature.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

ANIMAL DATA

Six of ten animals died after dermal application of 400 mg of diborane. Results were not consistent and absorption may have depended on moisture being on the skin (Clayton & Clayton, 1981).
A concentration of 5 ppm was fatal to 17 of 18 rats and 2 of 2 dogs, while exposures of 1 to 2 ppm were fatal to 10 of 20 rats, 1 of 2 dogs and none of 10 guinea pigs; deaths appeared to be primarily from respiratory infections (ACGIH, 1986).
Male mice were exposed to 1 or 5 ppm diborane for 1, 2, 4, or 8 hours. Panbronchiolitis was noted in the animals exposed to 5 ppm for 2 hours or more. No effect was noted at 1 ppm. In an extension of the same study, mice were exposed to 0.2 or 0.7 ppm for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 2 or 4 weeks. Slight pathological lung changes were noted even with the 0.2 ppm concentration at 2 and 4 weeks (Nomiyama, 1995). Pathological lung changes were reported in mice after 15 ppm exposures for 1 to 8 hours and after 5 ppm for 2 or 4 weeks, with a 4 hour LC50 of 31.5 ppm (Uemura et al, 1995).
Using bronchoalveolar lavage, evidence of alveolar capillary and alveolar lining cell damage was documented in rats following inhalation of 1, 10, or 20 ppm diborane for 4 hours (Nomiyama, 1995).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The maximum tolerated human exposure to this agent has not been delineated.

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS19287-45-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Diborane
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Diborane
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS19287-45-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: RTECS, 2000
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)DOG:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)HAMSTER:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

ppm = 0.883 x mg/m(3)

mg/m(3) = 1.132 x ppm

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS19287-45-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Diborane

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.1 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT irr; headache
Molecular Weight: 27.69

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS19287-45-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS19287-45-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Diborane
REL:

TWA: 0.1 ppm (0.1 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 15 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS19287-45-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Diborane
Table Z-1 for Diborane:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 0.1

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 0.1

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS19287-45-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:100

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS19287-45-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS19287-45-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS19287-45-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS19287-45-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Diborane
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 100

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS19287-45-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS19287-45-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS19287-45-7 (EPA, 2005):

Not Listed

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1911 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Diborane

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 2.3

2.3: Poisonous gas. See 49 CFR section 173.115 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1911
Packing Group: 2.3

2.3: Poison Gas.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 2.1

2.1: Flammable Gas.

Special Provisions: 1

1: This material is poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter) in Hazard Zone A (see sxn. 173.116(a) or sxn. 173.133(a) of this subchapter), and must be described as an inhalation hazard under the provisions of this subchapter.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 302
Bulk packaging: None

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40, 57

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".
57: Stow "separated from" chlorine.

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Diborane mixtures

Symbol(s): D

D: identifies proper shipping names which are appropriate for describing materials for domestic transportation but may be inappropriate for international transportation under the provisions of international regulations (e.g., IMO, ICAO). An alternate proper shipping name may be selected when either domestic or international transportation is involved.

Hazard class or Division: 2.1

2.1: Flammable gas. See 49 CFR section 173.115 for definitions.

Identification Number: NA1911
Packing Group: Not Listed
Label(s) required (if not excepted): 2.1

2.1: Flammable Gas.

Special Provisions: 5

5: If this material meets the definition for a material poisonous by inhalation (see sxn. 171.8 of this subchapter), a shipping name must be selected which identifies the inhalation hazard, in Division 2.3 or Division 6.1, as appropriate.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 302
Bulk packaging: 245

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: D

D: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than the larger of 25 passengers or one passenger per each 3 m of overall vessel length, but the material is prohibited on passenger vessels in which the limiting number of passengers is exceeded.

Vessel stowage other: 40, 57

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".
57: Stow "separated from" chlorine.

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1911 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Diborane
UN Number: 1911

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS19287-45-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Diborane
Hazard Ratings:

Health Rating (Blue): 4

(4) Highly toxic material. Very limited exposure could cause death or major injury even though prompt medical treatment is given. Includes known or suspect human carcinogens, mutagens, or teratogens.

Flammability Rating (Red): 4

(4) Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air.

Instability Rating (Yellow): 3

(3) Materials which in themselves are capable of detonation but which require a strong initiating source, or which must be heated first. This rating includes materials which are shock sensitive at elevated temperatures, and which react explosively with water without requiring heat.

Oxidizer/Water-Reactive Designation: Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Containers must be clean, dry and free of oxygen (NFPA, 1990).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Protect against physical damage (NFPA, 1990).
Storage should be in detached, refrigerated (less than 68 degrees F) and well-ventilated place (NFPA, 1990).
It is imperative that reserve stocks of diborane gas mixtures NOT be stored with cylinders containing oxygen or other oxidizing or flammable materials (HSDB , 1991).
Separate from halogenoid or other oxidizing agent (NFPA, 1990).
Check periodically for decomposition (NFPA, 1990).
Protect against electrical sparks, open flames, or other heat sources (NFPA, 1990).
Ground all lines and equipment used with diborane or diborane mixtures (HSDB , 1991).
Dry nitrogen should be used for any transfer (NFPA, 1990).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 19287-45-7.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas, 10%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas, 10%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: gas, 10%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: 10%
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: 10%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: gas, 10%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.005
Notes: gas, 10%
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)
- Flammable; may be ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- May form explosive mixtures with air.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Some of these materials may react violently with water.
- Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and flammable gas through pressure relief devices.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Ruptured cylinders may rocket.
- Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature (NIOSH, 1990)
Diborane reacts with water to form hydrogen and boric acid (NIOSH, 1990).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS19287-45-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Diborane
Flammability Rating: 4

(4) Extremely flammable. Materials which will rapidly vaporize at normal pressure and temperature and will burn readily. Including: gases, cryogenic materials, any liquid or gaseous material having a flash point below 73 degrees F and a boiling point below 100 degrees F, and materials which can form explosive mixtures with air.

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

DO NOT EXTINGUISH A LEAKING GAS FIRE UNLESS LEAK CAN BE STOPPED.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
FOR CHLOROSILANES, DO NOT USE WATER; use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.

TANK FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS19287-45-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Listed as: Diborane
Extinguishing Method(s): 6

6: Flammable gas fires are only safe to extinguish once the gas flow has been turned off. Attempting to fight a gas fire without turning off the gas can cause formation of an explosive gas cloud.

Choose an extinguishing agent suitable for fires in surrounding material (AAR, 1987).

Water may be used in flooding quantities as fog (AAR, 1987).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature (NIOSH, 1990).
Diborane reacts with water to form hydrogen and boric acid (NIOSH, 1990).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature (NIOSH, 1990).

Diborane reacts with water to form hydrogen and boric acid (NIOSH, 1990).

It reacts explosively with chlorine to form boron halides (Budavari, 1989).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature (NIOSH, 1990).

It reacts with water to form hydrogen and boric acid (NIOSH, 1990).

Diborane is highly toxic by inhalation (EPA, 1985).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Diborane will ignite spontaneously in moist air at room temperature (NIOSH , 2000).

It reacts with water to form hydrogen and boric acid (NIOSH , 2000).

It reacts explosively with chlorine to form born halides (Budavari, 1996).

It reacts violently with vaporizing liquid-type fire extinguishing agent (NFPA, 1990).

A violent explosion occurred when carbon tetrachloride was used on a borane fire (NFPA, 1997).

Diborane reacts spontaneously with aluminum and lithium to form hydrides that ignite in air (NFPA, 1997).

The reaction products of phosphorous trifluoride and diborane are spontaneously flammable in air (NFPA, 1997).

Oxygen and diborane form spontaneously explosive mixtures (NFPA, 1997).

Mixtures of fuming nitric acid and diborane are self-igniting (NFPA, 1997).

Dimethyl sulfoxide forms an explosive mixture with diborane (Bretherick, 1995).

The endothermic gas usually ignites in air unless dry and free of impurities (Bretherick, 1995).

In the presence of benzene vapor in air spontaneous explosion can occur (Bretherick, 1995).
Interaction with tetravinyl lead is explosively violent at ambient temperature (Bretherick, 1995).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1911 - Diborane

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 60 meters (200 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1.6 kilometers (1 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 180 meters (600 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 5.4 kilometers (3.4 miles).

DOT ID No. 1911 - Diborane, compressed

SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 60 meters (200 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.4 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1.6 kilometers (1 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 180 meters (600 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 5.4 kilometers (3.4 miles).

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 100 to 200 meters (330 to 660 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

Downwind evacuation should be considered if this material is involved in a fire or if a large discharge has occurred (AAR, 1987).

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS19287-45-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Diborane
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): Not appropriate
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 1
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 3
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: Yes
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS19287-45-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Diborane
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.1
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.15
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 1
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 3.7
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS19287-45-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: Diborane
Final Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: Not Recommended
mg/m3: Not Recommended

30 min exposure:

ppm: Not Recommended
mg/m3: Not Recommended

1 hr exposure:

ppm: Not Recommended
mg/m3: Not Recommended

4 hr exposure:

ppm: Not Recommended
mg/m3: Not Recommended

8 hr exposure:

ppm: Not Recommended
mg/m3: Not Recommended

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: Diborane
Final Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 2 ppm
mg/m3: 2.2 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 2 ppm
mg/m3: 2.2 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 1 ppm
mg/m3: 1.1 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.25 ppm
mg/m3: 0.28 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.13 ppm
mg/m3: 0.14 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: Diborane
Final Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 7.3 ppm
mg/m3: 8 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 7.3 ppm
mg/m3: 8 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 3.7 ppm
mg/m3: 4.1 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.92 ppm
mg/m3: 1 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.46 ppm
mg/m3: 0.51 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS19287-45-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 15 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.
- FOR CHLOROSILANES, use AFFF alcohol-resistant medium expansion foam to reduce vapors.
- If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- Isolate area until gas has dispersed.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 119 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
Incinerate with aqueous scrubbing or exhaust gases to remove B2O3 particulates (Sittig, 1985)
Water spray may be used to reduce or knock down vapors (AAR, 1987).
Isolate and ventilate the area (Ford, 1989).
- Keep sources of fire away.
- Consider downwind evacuation.
- Wear rubber or neoprene gloves and overshoes and approved personal protection equipment.
- Get fire-fighting equipment ready .

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Soil drived from marine sediments and arid soils are most likely to have high levels of total boron (HSDB, 2003).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- Some boron is adsorbed by iron and aluminum hydroxy compounds and clay minerals. Finer textured soils retain added boron longer than do coarse, sandy soils. Boron sorption by clay minerals, iron and aluminum oxides is pH dependent, with a maximum sorption in the range 7 to 9. The amount of boron adsorbed depends on the surface area of the clay or oxide and this sorption is only partially reversible (Brown et al, 1983).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No specific data were available concerning environmental toxicity at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

27.69

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Diborane is a colorless flammable gas with a repulsive, sickly-sweet odor (Budavari, 1996).

VAPOR PRESSURE

224 mmHg (at -112 degrees C) (Sax & Lewis, 1987)

DENSITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

0.210 (at 15 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
0.33 (at -29.6 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)
0.447 (at -112 degrees C) (Budavari, 1996)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-165 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

BOILING POINT

-92.5 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

FLASH POINT

-90 degrees C; -130 degrees F (Budavari, 1989)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

38-51 degrees C; 100-125 degrees F (Budavari, 1989)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

0.8% (NIOSH, 1990)

UPPER

88% (NIOSH, 1990)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

slightly soluble in cold water (Weast, 1989)
Diborane decomposes in water to form hydrogen and boric acid.

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

soluble in carbon disulfide (Budavari, 1996)

OTHER

soluble in ammonium hydroxide and concentrated sulfuric Acid (Weast, 1989)

-REFERENCES

GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY

40 CFR 372.28: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Lower thresholds for chemicals of special concern. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO). Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

40 CFR 372.65: Environmental Protection Agency - Toxic Chemical Release Reporting, Community Right-To-Know, Chemicals and Chemical Categories to which this part applies. National Archives and Records Association (NARA) and the Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC. Final rules current as of Apr 3, 2006.

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DIBORANE

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Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents