DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.

DESIGNATIONS

BEILSTEIN HANDBOOK REFERENCE:4-09-00-03181
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NUMBER:1890696

MOLECULAR FORMULA

C24-H38-O4 C6H4(COOCH2CH(C2H5)C4H9)2

ERG GUIDE NUMBER

128-FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR / WATER-IMMISCIBLE)

SYNONYM REFERENCE

(HSDB , 2000; IARC, 1982; RTECS , 2000)

USES/FORMS/SOURCES

USES

Dioctyl phthalate is used primarily in the manufacture of plastics, serving as a plasticizer for vinyl resins (polyvinyl chloride), polystrene resins, cellulose ester resins, adhesives, rubber materials, emulsion paints, laquers, and other materials (HSDB , 2000; IARC, 1982; Sittig, 1991).
The chemical properties of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate make it the preferential plasticizer for many flexible polyvinyl chloride products. This compound is also used as a replacement for polychlorinated biphenyls in dielectric fluids (IARC, 1982). It is especially used in the manufacture of PVC medical devices, where it may make up 40% of the weight of a final product (Gosselin et al, 1984; Plonait et al, 1993).

FORMS

Editor's note: Dioctyl phthalate occurs commercially in two isomeric forms: di-n-octyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. These isomers share the same molecular summation formula, but they differ structurally. Both isomers are liquids, and they are used in similar fashions (Sittig, 1991; Lewis, 1997).
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is available in the US in a variety of technical grades. Typical product specifications are: 99.0-99.6% minimal ester content; 0.1% maximal moisture content; 0.007-0.01% acidity (as acetic acid or phthalic acid); specific gravity, 0.980-0.985 (25/25 degrees C); refractive index, 1.4850-1.4870 (23 degrees C); and minimal flash-point, (216 degrees C) (IARC, 1982).
In Western Europe, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is available with the following specifications: maximal acid value, 0.06; maximal weight loss on heating at 140 degrees C for 3 hours, 1% and saponification value, 284-290 mg KOH/g" (IARC, 1982).
In Japan, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate must fulfill the following specifications: maximal acid value, 0.05; maximal weight loss on heating at 125 degrees C for 3 hours, 0.10%; and specific gravity, 0.983-0.989 (20/20 degrees C)(IARC, 1982).

SOURCES

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is produced by esterification of 2-ethylhexanol with phthalic anhydride (Ashford, 1994; Lewis, 1997).
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is released into the environment during the production and disposal of plastic products for which it is used as a plasticizer (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected in particulate and gaseous hydrocarbons from diesel-fuel exhaust gases (IARC, 1982).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate has been detected in the following commercial organic solvents (IARC, 1982):

diethyl ether (43.6 mcg/L)
methane (78.7 mcg/L)
ethanol (61.7 mg/L)
acetonitrile (180 mcg/L)
benzene (1960 mcg/L)

SYNONYM EXPLANATION

It should be noted that "di-n-octyl phthalate is sometimes mistakenly reported as its isomer, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, in the literature" (HSDB , 2000).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

The phthalates are generally considered to be of slight to moderate toxicity. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) may be irritating to the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Mild gastric disturbances and diarrhea may occur following ingestion of larger doses. CNS depression may occur if large amounts of phthalate acid esters are absorbed. However DEHP is considered innocuous at small doses.

DEHP has a low order of toxicity. At significant concentrations irritation of mucous membranes may occur. Ingestion of large amounts during an experiment resulted in mild gastric upset and diarrhea.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. However, as required by the Occupational Safety and health Administration (OSHA), individuals who wear contact lenses in the workplace must combine them with appropriate industrial safety eyewear.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration . Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, respiratory system, CNS, liver, reproductive system, and gastrointestinal tract [in animals: liver tumors] (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL -

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Because of the potential for rapid onset of CNS depression or seizures with possible aspiration of gastric contents, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE -

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE -

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE -

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation and CNS depression, DO NOT induce emesis following large ingestions.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in the head down left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first.

CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
Carefully observe patients with ingestion exposure for the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

A probable lethal human oral dose is between 0.5 and 15 grams per kilogram, or between one ounce and one quart in a 70-kilogram adult (EPA, 1985).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS117-81-7 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A3 ; Listed as: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

A3 :Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): B2 ; Listed as: Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

B2 : Probable human carcinogen - based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 3 ; Listed as: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

3 : The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Di-sec octyl phthalate

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 4 ; Listed as: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

Category 4 : Substances with carcinogenic potential for which genotoxicity plays no or at most a minor part. No significant contribution to human cancer risk is expected provided the MAK value is observed. The classification is supported especially by evidence that increases in cellular proliferation or changes in cellular differentiation are important in the mode of action. To characterize the cancer risk, the manifold mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis and their characteristic dose-time-response relationships are taken into consideration.

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): R ; Listed as: di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP)

R : RAHC = Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor: 1.4x10(-2) per mg/kg-day
RfD: 2x10(-2) mg/kg-day

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk: 4x10(-4) per mg/L

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Clayton & Clayton, 1994 HSDB, 2000 IARC, 1982 Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 2000 Note: All values are from RTECS, unless otherwise indicated.
- LD- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (SKIN)GUINEA_PIG:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- LD50- (INTRAVENOUS)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (INTRATRACHEAL)RAT:
- LDLo- (SKIN)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TD- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TD- (ORAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)GUINEA_PIG:
- TDLo- (ORAL)HAMSTER:
- TDLo- (ORAL)HUMAN:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (INTRAVENOUS)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)PRIMATE:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RABBIT:
- TDLo- (INTRAPERITONEAL)RAT:
- TDLo- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

ppm = 0.626 x mg/m(3) (IARC, 1982)

1 ppm = 15.94 mg/m(3) (approximately) (HSDB , 2000)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS117-81-7 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A3
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A3: Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans: The agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s), or by mechanism(s) that may not be relevant to worker exposure. Available epidemiologic studies do not confirm an increased risk of cancer in exposed humans. Available evidence does not suggest that the agent is likely to cause cancer in humans except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): LRT irr
Molecular Weight: 390.54

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS117-81-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS117-81-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Di-sec octyl phthalate
REL:

TWA: 5 mg/m(3)
STEL: 10 mg/m(3)
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH:

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

Ca: NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

OSHA PEL Values for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Di-sec octyl phthalate (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate)
Table Z-1 for Di-sec octyl phthalate (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate):

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 5

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: DEHP
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Diethylhexyl phthalate
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

100 (45.4)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
P or U series number: U028
Footnote:
Listed as: Diethylhexyl phthalate
P or U series number: U028
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS117-81-7 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Di (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS117-81-7 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS117-81-7 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name (ICAO, 2002):

Not Listed

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS117-81-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

To prevent the formation of violent reactions, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate should be stored far from strong oxidizers (i.e., bromine, chlorine, and fluorine), strong acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric, and nitric), strong alkalis, and nitrites (NIOSH, 2000)
During phthalate synthesis, good ventilation is required to minimize the air concentration of alcohol or phthalic anhydride contamination. Some need for skin protection may exist (HSDB , 2000).
Exposed skin should be washed with soap and water (EPA, 1985).
Exposed eyes should be flushed with water (EPA, 1985).

STORAGE

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is incompatible with nitrates, strong acids, strong oxidizers and strong alkalis (NIOSH, 2000).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

During synthesis of phthalates, good ventilation is necessary to prevent accumulation of phthalic anhydride or alcohol vapors (EPA, 1985). Some need for skin protection may exist during synthesis operations (EPA, 1985).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

Wear a canister-type mask and avoid high concentrations of the vapor when working with dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) (OHM/TADS , 2000).

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 117-81-7.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Neoprene

River City

Neoprene splash suits

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Tychem 10,000

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 7500

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem 9400

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem BR

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem F

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem LV

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem QC

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem SL

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Tested
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Tested
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Tychem ThermoPro

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2003)

Tychem TK

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.07
Notes: liquid
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

River City

PVC splash suits

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (River City, 1995)

FOOTWEAR

Neoprene

North -- Safety 4H

Neoprene series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

North -- Safety 4H

PVC Series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Rubber

North -- Safety 4H

Rubber Series - specific style not specified

Degradation Rating: Poor
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

GLOVES

Butyl

North Safety Products

Butyl Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Natural Rubber

Montgomery Safety Products

Natural Rubber

Degradation Rating: Fair
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Neoprene

Best Manufacturing

Chloroflex 1823

Degradation Rating: Good (after 30 minutes)
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Recommended
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Best Manufacturing, 2002)

Montgomery Safety Products

Neoprene

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <1.0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

Wells Lamont Industrial

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): No Breakthrough Time provided
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): No Permeation Rate provided
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)

Neoprene/Natural Rubber

MAPA Spontex, Inc.

Two-Tone/NS-53

Degradation Rating: Not Tested
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: 99%
Citation: (MAPA Professional, 2004)

Nitrile

Marigold Industrial

315F

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

326Y

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

368R

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CO7B

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

CR30

Degradation Rating: Not Listed
Breakthrough Time (minutes): Not Listed
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not Listed
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

G12T

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

ME104

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

U263B/G

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:173 / CAN:459

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

US:414 / CAN:454

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): 0
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Marigold Industrial, 2003)

Montgomery Safety Products

M-Tech

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >360
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): <0.1
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)

North Safety Products

Nitrile Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

Wells Lamont Industrial

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Good
Breakthrough Time (minutes): No Breakthrough Time provided
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): No Permeation Rate provided
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)

Plastic Laminate

North -- Safety 4H

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 35 degrees C; 95 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)
Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >240
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): Not reported
Notes: tested at 21 degrees C; 70 degrees F
Citation: (Safety 4, 2002)

Polyvinyl Chloride

Wells Lamont Industrial

Not specified

Degradation Rating: Not Rated
Breakthrough Time (minutes): No Breakthrough Time provided
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): No Permeation Rate provided
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)

Viton

North Safety Products

Viton Series

Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)
Degradation Rating: Excellent
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >480
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None Detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (North, 2002)

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

Best Manufacturing 579 Edison Street Menlo, GA 30731 USA Phone: (706) 862-2302 Fax: (706) 862-6000 Toll-Free: (800) 241-0323 Website: http://www.bestglove.com Email: USA@bestglove.com
DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com
MAPA Spontex, Inc. 100 Spontex Dr. Columbia, TN 38401 USA Phone: (800) 537--2897 Fax: (800) 537--3299 Website: http://www.mapaglove.com Email: sales@mapaglove.com
Marigold Industrial 3585 Engineering Drive Suite 200 Box 926090 Norcross, GA 30092 USA Phone: (800) 733-0987 Fax: (800) 786-4564 Toll-Free: (800) 733-0987 Website: http://www.marigoldindustrial.com
Montgomery Safety Products 1117 Marion Avenue, SW Canton, OH 44707 USA Phone: (800) 562-0600 Toll-Free: (800) 562-0600 Website: http://www.montgomerysafety.com Email: gloves@montgomerysafety.com
North -- Safety 4H 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.safety4.com
North Safety Products 2000 Plainfield Pike Cranston, RI 02921 USA Phone: (800) 430-4110 Fax: (800) 572-6346 Toll-Free: (800) 430-4110 Website: http://www.northsafety.com Email: marketing@northsafety.com
River City 5321 East Shelby Dr. Memphis, TN 38188 USA Phone: (800) 888-0347 Fax: (901) 795-3815 Toll-Free: (800) 888-0347 Website: http://www.protectivewear.com Email: support@protectivewear.com
Wells Lamont Industrial 6640 W. Touhy Ave. Niles, IL 60714 USA Fax: (847) 647-6943 Toll-Free: (800) 247-3295 Website: http://www.wellslamontindustry.com Email: kmeger@wellslamont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Based on the material's physical and chemical properties, toxicity, or chemical group, a guide has been assigned. For additional technical information, contact one of the emergency response telephone numbers listed under Public Safety Measures.
POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
- Substance may be transported hot.
- If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS117-81-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
CAUTION: For mixtures containing a high percentage of an alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS117-81-7 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Fires involving this compound should be extinguished with carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam (HSDB , 2000). CHRIS (2000) warns that using water or foam on fires involving dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) may cause frothing.

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

OHM/TADS (2000) states that the combustion products of dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) pose no great hazard.

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Dioctyl phthalate isomer not specified: "Explosiveness: stable can react with oxidizing materials" (OHM/TADS , 2000).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Acrid smoke is emitted when di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996).

At high temperatures, dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) may produce irritating vapors (CHRIS , 2000).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Acrid smoke is emitted when di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1996).

Both isomers of dioctyl phthalate are incompatible with nitrates, strong acids, strong oxidizers, and strong alkalis (ILO, 1998; (NIOSH, 2000; Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS117-81-7 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS117-81-7 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Di-sec-octylphthalate
TEEL-0 (units = mg/m3): 5
TEEL-1 (units = mg/m3): 10
TEEL-2 (units = mg/m3): 75
TEEL-3 (units = mg/m3): 500
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS117-81-7 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS117-81-7 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 5000 mg/m3
Note(s): Ca

(Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A).

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
- Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
OHM/TADS (2000) suggests that dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) should be burned in paper packaging or sprayed into an incinerator, adding flammable solvent as necessary.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 128 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

A widespread and persistent environmental pollutant, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is released into the environment during the production and disposal of plastic products for which it is used as a plasticizer. Exposure to the general population occurs mainly through the ingestion of contaminated drinking water or food (especially fish, as well as foods that have been in contact with packing material using this compound) and through inhalation of contaminated air. Exposure may also occur during blood transfusions if di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate migrates from the polyvinyl chloride blood bag into the blood (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000; Lewis, 1996).

Howard (1989) reports that di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate may be a natural product in animals and plants.

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was found in industrially-treated wastewater in the following concentrations (HSDB , 2000):

Aluminum forming: <13,000 parts per trillion
Auto and other laundries: 400 ppb
Coal mining: 940 ppb
Foundries: 1,100 ppb
Ink manufacturing plants: 400 ppb
Water-based paint plants: 12,500 ppb

"Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate was detected in fly ash and fly ash-bottom ash mixtures from municipal solid waste incineration at concentrations of 7 to 95 mcg/kg fly ash and 1,500 to 7,400 mcg/kg fly ash-bottom ash" (HSDB , 2000).

"Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was detected in human adipose tissue at concentrations of 0.30 to 1.15 ppm" (HSDB , 2000).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

When released to air, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. In its vapor state, this compound is degraded by a reaction with photochemically- produced hydroxyl radicals at a half-life of approximately 18 hours (at atmospheric concentrations of 5 x 10(5) hydroxyl radicals per cm). Particulate-phase dioctyl phthalate will be removed from the atmosphere via wet and dry deposition. Wash out by rain appears to be a significant contributor to the removal process (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000).
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate can be carried for long distances in the troposphere, as indicated by its detection in air over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Howard, 1989).
The atmospheric photolysis half-life for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is estimated to be 3500 to 4800 hours (Howard et al, 1991).
The estimated photooxidation half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in air is between 2.9 and 29 hours (Howard et al, 1991).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- When di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is released to water, it will undergo biodegradation at a half-life of 2-3 weeks following a period of acclimation (no biodegradation occurs in unacclimated systems). A log Koc value of 4 to 5 suggests that this compound will adsorb strongly to sediments and suspended solids in water; BCF data show that bioconcentration may be high in aquatic organisms. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not expected to evaporate from water given its low vapor pressure and Henry's Law constant; the half-life of evaporation from water has been calculated at 15 years (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000).
- Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental process; the half-life for this reaction at a pH of 7 is 2000 years for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (HSDB , 2000).
- 120 to 550 hours is the estimated half-life for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in surface water (when based upon the unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life) (Howard et al, 1991).
- The estimated unacclimated aqueous anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation half-life suggests that the half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate will range from 240 to 9336 hours (Howard et al, 1991).
- The aqueous photolysis half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is estimated at 3500 to 4800 hours based upon the measured rate of aqueous photolysis for dimethyl phthalate (Howard et al, 1991).
- The photooxidation half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in water is 1056 to 1.4x10(4) hours. This judgment is based upon the measured rate of the reaction with peroxyl radicals in water (Howard et al, 1991).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- When released to soil, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is not expected to evaporate or leach into ground water, because it has a strong tendency to adsorb to sediments. Log Koc values have been calculated at 4 to 5 for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, suggesting that this compound will be immobile in soil. Dioctyl phthalate may be subject to biodegradation under aerobic conditions following acclimation, but data supporting this is limited (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000).
- A scientific judgment based upon unacclimated aqueous aerobic biodegradation half-life suggests that the half-life of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in soil ranges from 120 to 550 hours (Howard et al, 1991).

BIOACCUMULATION

FISH

Concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in fish/seafood (Howard, 1989):
- Marine fish and shellfish: 10-100 ppb
- Processed canned tuna and salmon (Canada ): 40-160 ppb
- Fish (Lake Superior): 0.3-0.7 ppb
Average concentrations of 4.5 ng/g of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were detected in crabs, eels, fish, rays, and shrimp in the open ocean (IATA, 1982).

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

Bioconcentration Factors for Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (Howard, 1989; HSDB , 2000):
- Rainbow Trout: BCF 42-113 (36 days, whole body)
- Fathead Minnow: BCF 155-886 (56 days, whole body)
- Gammarus pseudolimnaeus (scud): BCF 54-2680 (from dry to wet weight, 14-21 days, whole body)
- Aselius brevicaudus (sowbug): 14-50 (from dry to wet weight, 21 days, whole body)
- Fish and invertebrates: log BCF 2-4 (experimental)
- Fathead Minnow: log BCF 2.93 (experimental)
- Bluegill sunfish: log BCF 2.06 (experimental)
Ecological magnification factors for 3 days for dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) are reported as follows (OHM/TADS , 2000):
- Algae: 6600
- Daphnia: 9426
- Snails: 438
Ecological magnification factors for 33 days for dioctyl phthalate (isomer not specified) are reported as follows (OHM/TADS , 2000):
- Algae: 28,500
- Daphnia: 2600
- Fish: 9400
- Snails: 13,600

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

For di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate:

EC50 - GYMNODINIUM BREVE GROWTH RATE: 3.1% vol/vol for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - CHIRONOMUS PLUMOSUS (midge): >18,000 mcg/L for 48H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - DAPHNIA MAGNA: 11,000 mcg/L (duration not specified) - static, unmeasured bioassay
LC50 - DAPHNIA MAGNA: 1,000-5,000 mcg/L for 48H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS: >770,000 mcg/L for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - GAMMARUS PSEUDOLIMNAEUS: >32 mg/l for 96H - 21 degrees C; juvenile/static bioassay
LC50 - ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH (coho salmon): >100 mg/L for 96H - 16 degrees C; weight 1.5 g; static bioassay
LC50 - SALMO GAIRDNERI (rainbow trout): >100 mg/L for 96H - 12 degrees C; weight 1.5 g; static bioassay
LC50 - ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS (channel catfish): >100 mg/L for 96H - 20 degrees C; weight 1.5 g; static bioassay
LC50 - LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS (bluegill): >100 mg/L for 96H - 17 degrees C; weight 0.6 g; static
LC50 - RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE (Gymnodinium breve): >10% weight:volume for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - BRINE SHRIMP (palaemonetes pugio): >1 mg/L for 28D - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - SCUD (Gammarus pseudolimnaeus): >32 mg/L for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - DAPNIA MAGNA 9.4: 11 mg/L for 48H - conditions of bioassay not specified
LC50 - SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW: >550 mg/L for 96H - conditions of bioassay not specified

Specific dioctyl phthalate isomer not specified:

TLM - (WATER) SCUD: >32 ppm for 96H (static)
TLM - (WATER) BRINE SHRIMP: >saturation for 24H (static)

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

390.56

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthlate is a clear to light-colored, oily, and odorless liquid at room temperature (HSDB , 2000) ILO, 1998; (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; Lewis, 1998).

VAPOR PRESSURE

1.32 mmHg (at 200 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997).

0.001 kPa (ILO, 1998)

6.45 x 10(-6) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1989)

7.23 x 10(-8) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (from experimentally-derived coefficients) (HSDB , 2000)

9.75 x 10(-6) mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 2000)

1.2 mmHg (at 200 degrees C) (Clayton & Glayton, 1994)

<0.01 mmHg (NIOSH , 1999)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE NOT LISTED

Isomer of dioctyl phthalate not specified: 0.986 (OHM/TADS , 2000)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-58 degrees F (NIOSH, 2000)

MELTING POINT

-46 degrees C (IARC, 1982; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)
-50 degrees C (Clayton & Glayton, 1994; Howard, 1989; ILO, 1998)
-55 degrees C (HSDB , 2000)
Isomer of dioctyl phthlate not specified: -30 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)

BOILING POINT

231 degrees C (at 5 mmHg) (IARC, 1982; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)

220 degrees C (at 0.65 kPa) (Ashford, 1994)

384 degrees C (ILO, 1998)

230 degrees C (at 5 mmHg) (Howard, 1989)

727 degrees F (NIOSH, 2000)

Isomer not specified:

358 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)
386 degrees C; 727 degrees F; 659 K (CHRIS , 2000)

FLASH POINT

218 degrees C; 425 degrees F (Lewis, 1997)

215 degrees C; 420 degrees F (open cup) (HSDB , 2000) ILO, 1998; (NIOSH, 2000)

281 degrees C (IARC, 1982)

218.3 degrees C; 425 degrees F (Clayton & Glayton, 1994)

Isomer not specified: 218 degrees C; 425 degrees F (open cup) (CHRIS , 2000; OHM/TADS , 2000)

AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE

390 degrees C; 735 degrees F (HSDB , 2000) ILO, 1998)

Isomer not specified: 410 degrees C (OHM/TADS , 2000)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

0.3% (by volume) (at 474 degrees F) (NIOSH, 2000)
0.3% in air (ILO, 1998)

UPPER

Unknown (NIOSH, 2000)

SOLUBILITY

OTHER

Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is soluble in blood and lipoprotein-containing fluids (HSDB , 2000).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = 5.11 (Howard, 1989)

log Kow = 7.60 (HSDB , 2000)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

2526 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 2000)

MASS

2-708 (Archives of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons) (HSDB , 2000)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Phosgene Oxime (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7e26d&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Propargyl Alcohol (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006e. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec91&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Selenium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006f. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec55&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Silane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006g. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020d523&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Sulfuryl Chloride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2006h. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648020ec7a&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-16.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Tear Gas (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008s. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648096e551&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Tellurium Hexafluoride (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2009i. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480a7e2a1&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Tert-Octyl Mercaptan (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008r. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=090000648096e5c7&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-12.

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DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents