CHROMYL CHLORIDE

Chromyl chloride is used in making chromium complexes and dyes; in organic oxidations and chlorinations; in the Etard reaction for aldehyde and ketone production; as a solvent for CrO3; and as a catalyst, particularly for the polymerization of olefins (ACGIH, 1991; Budavari, 1989).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chromyl chloride is a severe irritant and corrosive. Contact with the liquid causes severe eye and skin burns. Exposure to the vapor may cause eye, nose, and respiratory tract irritation; difficulty breathing; and lung injury. Ingestion of the liquid causes burns of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach.

Exposure may also cause conjunctivitis, perforation of the nasal septum, inflammation of the larynx, dermatitis, penetrating ulcers of the hands and forearms, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, inflammation of the liver, and hematologic abnormalities.

IARC has listed chromyl chloride as having sufficient evidence for human carcinogenicity. NIOSH has classified chromyl chloride as a possible occupational carcinogen, but the ACGIH suggests that it may have the properties of a noncarcinogenic soluble dichromate compound.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air.
Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Removal of solidified molten material from skin requires medical assistance.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, and respiratory system [lung cancer] (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

GENERAL

Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Ingestion may result in significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns, and EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, do not induce emesis.
Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The possible benefit of early removal of some ingested material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed against potential complications of bleeding or perforation.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL/SUMMARY

At the time of this review, no human toxicity studies were found; however, it is likely that chromyl chloride vapor exposure will cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, difficulty breathing, and lung injury. Contact with the skin will cause second- and third-degree burns; ingestion of the chemical will result in mouth, esophageal, and gastric burns (Hathaway, 1991).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS14977-61-8 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Chromyl chloride
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): Not Listed
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): 1 ; Listed as: Chromyl chloride

1 : The agent (mixture) is carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.

NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: Chromyl chloride

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS14977-61-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Not Listed

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Budavari, 1989 ITI, 1988
- LD50- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:
- LDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)MOUSE:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 ppm = 6.44 mg/m(3) (NIOSH , 1996)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS14977-61-8 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Chromyl chloride

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.025 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): URT and skin irr
Molecular Weight: 154.92

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS14977-61-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS14977-61-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Chromyl chloride
REL:

TWA: 0.001 mg Cr(VI)/m(3)
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix A; See Appendix C

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS14977-61-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS14977-61-8 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS14977-61-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS14977-61-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS14977-61-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS14977-61-8 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS14977-61-8 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS14977-61-8 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS14977-61-8 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Chromium, dichlorodioxo-, (T-4)-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1758 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Chromium oxychloride

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 8

8: Corrosive material. See 49 CFR section 173.136 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1758
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 8

8: Corrosive.

Special Provisions: A3, A6, A7, B10, N34, T10, TP2, TP12

A3: For combination packagings, if glass inner packagings (including ampoules) are used, they must be packed with absorbent material in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
A6: For combination packagings, if plastic inner packagings are used, they must be packed in tightly closed metal receptacles before packing in outer packagings.
A7: Steel packagings must be corrosion-resistant or have protection against corrosion.
B10: MC 300, MC 301, MC 302, MC 303, MC 305, and MC 306 and DOT 406 cargo tanks, and DOT 57 portable tanks are not authorized.
N34: Aluminum construction materials are not authorized for any part of a packaging which is normally in contact with the hazardous material.
T10: Minimum test pressure (bar): 4; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): 6 mm; Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): sxn. 178.275(g)(3); Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): Prohibited.
TP2: a. The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 95/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling, and alpha is the mean coefficient of cubical expansion of the liquid between the mean temperature of the liquid during filling (tf) and the maximum mean bulk temperature during transportation (tr) both in degrees celsius; and b. For liquids transported under ambient conditions a may be calculated using the formula: [alpha = (d15-d50)/(35 x d50)], where d15 and d50 are the densities (in units of mass per unit volume) of the liquid at 15 degrees C (59 degrees F) and 50 degrees C (122 degrees F), respectively.
TP12: This material is considered highly corrosive to steel.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 0.5 L
Cargo aircraft only: 2.5 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: C

C: The material must be stowed "on deck only" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: 40, 66, 74, 89, 90

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".
66: Stow "separated from" flammable solids.
74: Stow "separated from" oxidizers.
89: Segregation same as for oxidizers.
90: Stow "separated from" radioactive materials.

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1758 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Chromium oxychloride
UN Number: 1758

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS14977-61-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

HANDLING

Handle chromyl chloride in a well-ventilated hood. Wear complete protective clothing, including a self-contained breathing apparatus (Budavari, 1989; OHM/TADS , 1996).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

One-gallon bottles and 85- and 200-pound drums made of glass, aluminum, or stainless steel may be used to store chromyl chloride (OHM/TADS , 1996).
Other recommended containers include amber glass bottles, carboys, steel drums, and tanks (NFPA, 1994).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Choose a cool, dark, dry, well-ventilated area for chromyl chloride storage (NFPA, 1994).
Store the chemical outside or in a detached area, if possible (OHM/TADS, 1995).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Store separately from water, ammonia, organic matter, halides, phosphorus, turpentine, or other combustible materials (OHM/TADS , 1996; NFPA, 1994).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

Workers should wear appropriate eye protection. In addition, eyewash fountains should be available in locations where employees may be exposed to chromyl chloride (NIOSH , 1996).

Employees should wear dust- and splashproof safety goggles (HSDB , 1996).

Do not wear contact lenses when working with this compound (NIOSH , 1996).

To prevent excessive or repeated contact with chromyl chloride, employees should wear faceshields (8-inch minimum) (HSDB , 1996).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 14977-61-8.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.
- May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).
- Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases.
- Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.)
- Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.
- Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
- Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Chromyl chloride is noncombustible (NIOSH , 1996).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS14977-61-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

When material is not involved in fire: do not use water on material itself.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical or CO2.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Flood fire area with large quantities of water, while knocking down vapors with water fog. If insufficient water supply: knock down vapors only.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Do not get water inside containers.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS14977-61-8 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Apply water in flooding amounts as fog. When fighting fire, stand as far as possible from the site (AAR, 1994).

Use large quantities of water to cool affected containers of the compound (AAR, 1994).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

Chromyl chloride releases toxic vapors of chlorine and hydrogen chloride when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1992; OHM/TADS , 1996).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

Vapor inhalation can cause breathing difficulty and lung injury (Hathaway et al, 1991).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Chromyl chloride will react violently when mixed with water or ammonia (NFPA, 1994).

When mixed with water, chromyl chloride forms chromic acid, chromium trichloride, chromium trioxide, hydrochloric acid, chromic chloride, and chlorine (ACGIH, 1991; ITI, 1988).

Hydrogen chloride and chlorine gases will evolve after mixture with water (ITI, 1988).

A violent reaction will ensue when chromyl chloride is mixed with alcohol, ether, acetone, or turpentine (Lewis, 1992).

The compound reacts with reducing agents and organic matter (NFPA, 1994).

It can explode when in contact with combustible organic and inorganic substances (Budavari, 1989).

Contact with the following will result in ignition or explosion (Bretherick, 1990; HSDB , 1996; Lewis, 1992):

Non-metal halides (e.g., disulfur dichloride, phosphorus trichloride, and phosphorus tribromide)
Non-metal hydrides (i.e., hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen phosphide)
Chlorine + red-hot carbon
Ethyl alcohol
Flowers of sulfur
Fluorine
Moist phosphorus
Phosphine
Sodium azide
Urea

Vivid combustion will occur if chromyl chloride vapor is passed through a narrow jet and into sulfur monochloride vapor (NFPA, 1994).

Chromyl chloride fumes in air (Lewis, 1993).

A violent explosion can result when carbon monoxide is used as the solution for controlled oxidation of alkyl aromatic derivatives. This occurs when chloride is added without the use of a stirrer, thus causing a build-up of the unreacted material (Bretherick, 1990).

Reaction of chromyl chloride with sodium azide to form chromyl azide is explosive in absence of a diluent (Bretherick, 1990).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances (ERG, 2004)

Data presented from the Emergency Response Guidebook Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances are for use when a spill has occurred and there is no fire. If there is a fire, or if a fire is involved, evacuation information presented under FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES should be used.
Generally, a small spill is one that involves a single, small package such as a drum containing up to approximately 200 liters, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package. A large spill is one that involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.
Suggested distances to protect from vapors of toxic-by-inhalation and/or water-reactive materials during the first 30 minutes following the spill.

DOT ID No. 1758 - Chromium oxychloride

when spilled in water
SMALL SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.1 kilometers (0.1 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 0.2 kilometers (0.1 miles).

LARGE SPILLS

First isolate in all directions: 30 meters (100 feet).
Note wind direction.
Then protect persons downwind:

during the DAY for: 0.3 kilometers (0.2 miles); or
during the NIGHT for: 1.3 kilometers (0.8 miles).

CAUTION:

This material which produces large amounts of the following gas(es)when spilled in water:

Hydrogen chloride

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and 25 meters (75 feet) for solids in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS14977-61-8 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS14977-61-8 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Not Listed

AEGL Values for CAS14977-61-8 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS14977-61-8 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container.
- Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
SUMMARY
- Keep the area isolated until the spill is controlled. Spray water in the area to cool and disperse vapors and to protect personnel (NFPA, 1994).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 137 (ERG, 2004)
- Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

CHEMICAL TREATMENT

Cover spill with inert sorbents (e.g., clay or diatomaceous earth). Next, mix weak reducing agents, such as hypo, bisulfites or ferrous salt with the spill. (To speed the reaction, bisulfites or ferrous salts require some 3M-H2SO4 as an additional promoter.) Put the waste into a large container of water, neutralize the mixture with soda ash or dilute hydrochloric acid (ITI, 1988; OHM/TADS , 1996).
- As an alternative, collect the sorbent material and soil after the waste has been added to it, encapsulate the mixture, and bury it in an approved chemical waste landfill (OHM/TADS , 1996).
To treat water spills, add sulfuric acid until the pH is 2 to 3. Then mix bisulfate until the solution color changes from yellow to green. (Allow for a 10-minute reaction time.) Next, bring the pH to 8 or 9 by adding lime or soda ash; allow the mixture to settle before adding hydrochloric acid to neutralize the solution to pH 7. For more details on this cleanup procedure, see the Envirex Manual - EPA 600/2-77-227 (OHM/TADS , 1996).
Reduction by carbon at 600 degrees C completely removed chromium (VI) compounds in waste sludge (HSDB , 1996).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

When chromyl chloride is spilled in water, it will decompose, so do not attempt pumping or dredging (OHM/TADS , 1996).

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

NOTE: Little information on environmental hazard management is available for chromyl chloride specifically. Information in this section is for the group of hexavalent (chromium (VI)) compounds of which chromyl chloride is a member.

In the US, approximately 35% of the estimated 2700 to 2900 tons of chromium released to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources is in the hexavalent form (ATSDR, 1993).
Chromium (VI) has been identified in chromate manufacturing and user sites and in fly ash from coal-fired power plants (ATSDR, 1993).
Hexavalent and trivalent forms of chromium are found in chemical, steel, and refractory manufacturing as well as municipal incineration processes and sewage sludge. Cooling towers and chrome plating facilities tend to emit just the hexavalent form (HSDB , 1996).
In Hudson County, NJ, chromium (VI) concentrations in the air of homes studied was in the range of 0.00038 to 3.0033 mcg/m(3). The mean was 0.0012 mcg/m(3) (ATSDR, 1993).
In indoor industrial sites in the same county, the range of chromium (VI) concentration in air was 0.0023 to 0.11 mcg/m(3), with a mean of 0.003 mcg/m(3). Outdoor air at the same sites contained between 0.00013 and 0.11 mcg/m(3), with a mean of 0.0099 mcg/m(3) (ATSDR, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In air, chromium (VI) compounds can be reduced to chromium (III) quickly by vanadium (V(2+), V(3+), VO(2+)), Fe(2+), HSO(3-), and As(3+) (ATSDR, 1993).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Most of the soluble chromium present in natural water sources is in the hexavalent or trivalent forms; however, soluble chromium accounts for a very small percentage of the total chromium (ATSDR, 1993).
- Organic material in water eventually will reduce chromium (VI) to chromium (III) (ATSDR, 1993).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Chromium (VI) is fairly mobile in soil and so accounts for only a small percentage of total chromium found there (ATSDR, 1993).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

In the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, the bioconcentration factor for hexavalent chromium is approximately 1 (ATSDR, 1993).
In the Crassostrea virginica oyster, Mytilus edulis blue mussel, Mya arenaria soft shell clam, and other bottom-feeder bivalves, the bioconcentration factors for hexavalent chromium can range from 86 to 192 (ATSDR, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

Hexavalent chromium becomes more toxic to fish, shrimp, crabs, and clams as water salinity decreases. The changes tend to be less than a factor of 2, except when salinity is approximately 1 g/kg (HSDB , 1996).

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

154.92

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Chromyl chloride is a mobile liquid that is deep-red in color and appears black under reflected light (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1993).

It is a fuming liquid with a musty, acrid, burning odor (AAR, 1994; (NIOSH , 1996).

ITI, 1988 describes chromyl chloride as a tan liquid.

VAPOR PRESSURE

20 mmHg (at 20 degrees C; 69 degrees F) (Lewis, 1992)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.91 g/mL (at 25 C/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-96.5 degrees C (Lewis, 1993)

MELTING POINT

116 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

BOILING POINT

117 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

FLASH POINT

Not applicable (NIOSH , 1996)

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

LOWER

Not applicable (NIOSH , 1996)

UPPER

Not applicable (NIOSH , 1996)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Upon contact with water, chromyl chloride hydrolizes vigorously (Budavari, 1989).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is miscible with carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethane, and carbon disulfide (Lewis, 1993).
Chromyl chloride is soluble in benzene, nitrobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, chloroform, and phosphorus oxychloride (Budavari, 1989).

OTHER/PHYSICAL

IONIZATION POTENTIAL

12.60 eV (NIOSH , 1996)

VISCOSITY

Slightly less viscous than water (Budavari, 1989)

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National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances: Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for Germane (Proposed). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 2008j. Available from URL: http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/contentStreamer?objectId=0900006480963906&disposition=attachment&contentType=pdf. As accessed 2010-08-15.

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CHROMYL CHLORIDE

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents