CHLOROMETHYL ETHER

It is utilized as: an intermediate for ion-exchange resins, laboratory reagent, intermediate in chemical syntheses, and in selective ion removal water purification processes (Lewis, 1992) Nelson, 1976).
Chloromethyl ether is used as the monitoring indicator for chloromethyl methyl ether because of its greater stability in workroom air (ACGIH, 1991).
It is also used as an alkylating agent in the manufacture of polymers (HSDB , 1994).

FORMS

DESCRIPTION: It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a suffocating odor (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1992).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chloromethyl ether is a confirmed human carcinogen, causing lung and possibly laryngeal cancer in chronically exposed workers.

Chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, and perhaps laryngeal cancer are associated with chronic inhalation exposure.

There are no reports of acute systemic poisoning from chloromethyl ether. It is a mucous membrane and strong eye irritant.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

GENERAL

No cases of acute toxicity have been reported. A regular screening program including chest x-rays should be done for potentially exposed workers. Engineering controls and personal protective equipment should be used to decrease the risks of exposure. Chronic bronchitis should respond to standard therapy. The development of cancer requires immediate surgical and oncologic referral and evaluation.
Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water. Ingestion may result in significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation or burns, and EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED. Cautious gastric lavage followed by administration of activated charcoal may be of benefit if the patient is seen soon after the exposure.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

CONCENTRATION LEVEL

The lowest published lethal concentration in man (inhalation route) is 100 ppm/3 minutes (RTECS , 1994; Lewis, 1992).
It has been suggested that human exposure to concentrations as low as 0.1 ppb might not be without risk for cancer development (Roe, 1985).

ANIMAL DATA

Experimental animals develop tumors with exposure to 100 ppb (Leong et al, 1981).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

CONCENTRATION LEVEL

The lowest published toxic concentration in man (inhalation route) is 3 ppm (RTECS , 1994; Lewis, 1992). Concentrations of 3 ppm are reported to be distinctly irritating to humans (Hathaway, 1991).
The maximum tolerated exposure is not well-defined. Because of the danger of carcinogenesis, the TLV of 0.001 ppm (0.005 mg/m(3)) should not be exceeded.
Available human exposure data are inadequate to permit carcinogenic risk assessment. Nevertheless, bis(chloromethyl)ether is considered a low priority for developing options to reduce exposure in Canada, because of its extremely limited use and rapid environmental deterioration (Liteplo & Meek, 1994).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS542-88-1 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): A1 ; Listed as: bis(Chloromethyl) ether

A1 :Confirmed Human Carcinogen: The agent is carcinogenic to humans based on the weight of evidence from epidemiologic studies.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): A ; Listed as: Bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME)

A : Human Carcinogen.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Ca ; Listed as: bis-Chloromethyl ether

Ca : NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).

MAK (DFG, 2002): Category 1 ; Listed as: Bischloromethyl ether (Dichlorodimethylether)

Category 1 : Substances that cause cancer in man and can be assumed to make a significant contribution to cancer risk. Epidemiological studies provide adequate evidence of a positive correlation between the exposure of humans and the occurence of cancer. Limited epidemiological data can be substantiated by evidence that the substance causes cancer by a mode of action that is relevant to man.

NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): K ; Listed as: Bis(chloromethyl) Ether

K : KNOWN = Known to be a human carcinogen

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS542-88-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor: 2.2x10(2) per mg/kg-day
RfD:

Inhalation:

Unit Risk: 6.2x10(1) per mg/m3
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk: 6.2per mg/L

TOXICITY VALUES

References: Lewis, 1992 RTECS, 1994
- LC50- (INHALATION)HAMSTER:
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LC50- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)HUMAN:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- TCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- TDLo- (SKIN)MOUSE:
- TDLo- (SUBCUTANEOUS)RAT:

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS542-88-1 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

bis(Chloromethyl) ether

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 0.001 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: A1
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions:

A1: Confirmed Human Carcinogen: The agent is carcinogenic to humans based on the weight of evidence from epidemiologic studies.

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): Lung cancer
Molecular Weight: 114.96

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS542-88-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS542-88-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: bis-Chloromethyl ether
REL:

TWA:
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Ca) NIOSH considers this substance to be a potential occupational carcinogen (See Appendix A in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards).
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s): See Appendix A

IDLH: Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS542-88-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: bis(Chloromethyl) ether; see 29 CFR 1910.1008
Table Z-1 for bis(Chloromethyl) ether; see 29 CFR 1910.1008:

8-hour TWA:

ppm:

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3:

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS542-88-1 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Threshold Quantity, in pounds:100

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS542-88-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Dichloromethyl ether
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:
Listed as: Methane, oxybis(chloro-
Final Reportable Quantity, in pounds (kilograms):

10 (4.54)

Additional Information:

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS542-88-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS542-88-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Listed as: Dichloromethyl ether
P or U series number: P016
Footnote:
Listed as: Methane, oxybis[chloro-
P or U series number: P016
Footnote:
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS542-88-1 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Listed as: Chloromethyl Ether
Reportable Quantity, in pounds: 10

Only the statutory or final RQ is shown. For more information, see 40 CFR table 302.4.

Threshold Planning Quantity, in pounds:

100
Amount necessary to be covered by this standard. See 40 CFR 355.30.

Note(s): d

d: Revised TPQ based on new or re-evaluated toxicity data, April 22, 1987.

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS542-88-1 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Listed as: Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Effective Date for Reporting Under 40 CFR 372.30: 1/1/87
Lower Thresholds for Chemicals of Special Concern under 40 CFR 372.28:

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS542-88-1 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Listed as Dichlorodimethyl ether, symmetrical
Severe Marine Pollutant: No

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS542-88-1 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Methane, oxybis[chloro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 2249 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Dichlorodimethyl ether, symmetrical

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN2249
Packing Group: I

I: Packing Group I - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is great.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1, 3

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).
3: Flammable Liquid.

Special Provisions:

Not Listed

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: None
Non-bulk packaging: 201
Bulk packaging: 243

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: Forbidden
Cargo aircraft only: Forbidden

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location:

Not Listed

Vessel stowage other: 40

40: Stow "clear of living quarters".

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN2249 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Dichlorodimethyl ether, symmetrical
UN Number: 2249

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS542-88-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Adding antioxidants and keeping containers electrically grounded will reduce explosion potential (HSDB , 1994).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Storage of chloromethyl ether should be in a cool, dry area (HSDB , 1994).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Keep away from acids, oxidizers, or any sources of ignition (eg, open flames, hot plates) (HSDB , 1994).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 542-88-1.

Specific recommendations and test data for this chemical were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature. A complete list of consulted manufacturers and references is presented below.

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
- Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.
- Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
- Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
- Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
- Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
- Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
- Containers may explode when heated.
- Many liquids are lighter than water.
Chloromethyl ether is a dangerous fire hazard (Lewis, 1992). It can be easily ignited by sparks or flames (HSDB , 1994).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS542-88-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS542-88-1 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, chloromethyl ether emits very toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, chloromethyl ether emits very toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, chloromethyl ether emits very toxic fumes of chlorides (Lewis, 1992).

Chloromethyl ether is unstable in moist air. It is decomposed by water into hydrogen chloride and formaldehyde (Budavari, 1989).

In the presence of traces of water and hydrogen or hydroxyl ions, chloromethyl ether degrades to aldehydes and methylal, which recombine to form the more potent carcinogen, bis(chloromethyl) ether (ACGIH, 1983).

Chloromethyl ether is highly reactive (ACGIH, 1983).

Gaseous phase admixture of formaldehyde and hydrogen chloride may also generate bis(chloromethyl) ether (Roe, 1985).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance of at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131(ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS542-88-1 (AIHA, 2006):

Listed as Bis(Chloromethyl) Ether
ERPG-1 (units = ppm): Insufficient data
ERPG-2 (units = ppm): 0.1
ERPG-3 (units = ppm): 0.5
Under Ballot, Review, or Consideration: No
Definitions:

ERPG-1: The ERPG-1 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing more than mild, transient adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable odor.
ERPG-2: The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action.
ERPG-3: The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to one hour without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects.

DOE TEEL Values for CAS542-88-1 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Dichloromethyl ether (bis[Chloromethyl]ether]
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 0.001
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 0.006
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 0.044
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 0.18
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS542-88-1 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Listed as: bis-Chloromethyl ether
Proposed Value:

AEGL-1

10 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended; effects exceeding the severity of AEGL-1 occurred at concentrations not producing sensory irritation in humans or animals.
mg/m3:

30 min exposure:

ppm: Not recommended; effects exceeding the severity of AEGL-1 occurred at concentrations not producing sensory irritation in humans or animals.
mg/m3:

1 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended; effects exceeding the severity of AEGL-1 occurred at concentrations not producing sensory irritation in humans or animals.
mg/m3:

4 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended; effects exceeding the severity of AEGL-1 occurred at concentrations not producing sensory irritation in humans or animals.
mg/m3:

8 hr exposure:

ppm: Not recommended; effects exceeding the severity of AEGL-1 occurred at concentrations not producing sensory irritation in humans or animals.
mg/m3:

Definitions:

AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling, are transient, and are reversible upon cessation of exposure.

Listed as: bis-Chloromethyl ether
Proposed Value:

AEGL-2

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.055 ppm
mg/m3: 0.26 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.055 ppm
mg/m3: 0.26 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.044 ppm
mg/m3: 0.21 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.028 ppm
mg/m3: 0.13 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.02 ppm
mg/m3: 0.095 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.

Listed as: bis-Chloromethyl ether
Proposed Value:

AEGL-3

10 min exposure:

ppm: 0.23 ppm
mg/m3: 1.1 mg/m(3)

30 min exposure:

ppm: 0.23 ppm
mg/m3: 1.1 mg/m(3)

1 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.18 ppm
mg/m3: 0.86 mg/m(3)

4 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.11 ppm
mg/m3: 0.52 mg/m(3)

8 hr exposure:

ppm: 0.075 ppm
mg/m3: 0.36 mg/m(3)

Definitions:

AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening health effects or death.

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS542-88-1 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire.
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
- Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
- A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.
HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL
- Generators of waste containing chloromethyl ether, US Environmental Protection Agency hazardous waste number P016, in quantities equal to or greater than 100 kg/month, must conform with US EPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of the waste (HSDB , 1994).
- Chloromethyl ether is a potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1600 degrees C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds (HSDB , 1994).
- Chloromethyl ether is a potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1600 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids (HSDB , 1994).
- Chloromethyl ether is a potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 degrees C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids (HSDB , 1994).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal.
- Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 131 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Chloromethyl ether may enter the atmosphere in exhaust gases associated with the use of chloromethyl methyl ether in which chloromethyl ether is a contaminant; as a chemical intermediate; or in situations where it may be formed from hydrochloric acid and formaldehyde in the atmosphere (HSDB , 1994).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The hydrolysis half-life of chloromethyl ether in humid air is greater than 18 hours. However, it is estimated that chloromethyl ether will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals (half-life less than 4.1 days) (HSDB , 1994).

AQUATIC FATE: Chloromethyl ether will rapidly disappear from any aquatic system by hydrolysis (half-life of 10 to 38 seconds). The decomposition products are hydrogen chloride and formaldehyde (HSDB , 1994).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: The fate of chloromethyl ether in soil is unknown. However, due to its rapid hydrolysis it would be expected to disappear rapidly from moist soil (HSDB , 1994).

BIOCONCENTRATION: Hydrolysis half-lives are sufficiently fast to preclude any possibility of bioconcentration in the food chain (HSDB , 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

OTHER

OTHER
- AIR: The hydrolysis half-life of chloromethyl ether in humid air is greater than 18 hours. However, it is estimated that chloromethyl ether will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life less than 4.1 days (HSDB , 1994).
- WATER: The half-life of chloromethyl ether from any aquatic system by hydrolysis is 10 to 38 seconds (HSDB , 1994).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information on the environmental toxicity of chloromethyl ether was found in available references at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

114.97

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Chloromethyl ether is a colorless, volatile liquid with a suffocating odor (Budavari, 1989; Lewis, 1992).

VAPOR PRESSURE

30 torr (at 22 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.315 (at 20/4 degrees C) (Budavari, 1989)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

MELTING POINT

-41.5 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

BOILING POINT

106 degrees C (Budavari, 1989)

FLASH POINT

<19 degrees C (Lewis, 1992)

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

It is decomposed by water into hydrogen chloride and formaldehyde (Budavari, 1989).

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Chloromethyl ether is soluble in all proportions in ethanol and ether (ACGIH, 1991).
It is miscible with many organic solvents (HSDB , 1994).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log Kow = -0.38 (calculated) (HSDB , 1994)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

5196 (HSDB , 1994)

MASS

393 (HSDB , 1994)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4346 (at 20 degrees C/D) (HSDB , 1994)

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CHLOROMETHYL ETHER

Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents