CHLOROBROMOMETHANE

Chlorobromomethane is primarily used as a liquid fire-extinguishing agent; it is also used as a process solvent and chemical intermediate (AAR, 1998; (ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1997).

FORMS

Chlorobromomethane is clear or colorless to pale yellow, nonflammable liquid with an odor similar to chloroform (ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 1994; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997).

SOURCES

Chlorobromomethane is coproduced with methylene bromide by bromination (methylene chloride + bromine) (Ashford, 1994).

-CLINICAL EFFECTS

GENERAL CLINICAL EFFECTS

Chlorobromomethane is a mild irritant of the eyes and mucous membranes. At high concentrations, it causes central nervous system depression. Seizures have been reported.

Prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis. The liquid in the eye causes an immediate burning sensation, followed by corneal epithelial injury and conjunctival edema.

No data exist on the effects of chronic exposure of workers to chlorobromomethane. Acute exposures have been characterized by severe headache, loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest after the exposure, gastric upsets, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, memory impairment, weakness, and slow recovery. The acute exposures were brief, but probably at very high concentrations of chlorobromomethane vapor.

Chlorobromomethane has a narcotic action of moderate intensity, although of prolonged duration. Animals exposed for several weeks to 1000 ppm had blood bromide levels as high as 350 mg/100 gram. Therefore, until further data are available, chlorobromomethane should be considered at least as toxic as carbon tetrachloride and more than minimal exposure to its vapors should be avoided.

Experimental mutation data have been reported for chlorobromomethane.

Probable Exposures: Occupational exposure to chlorobromomethane may occur by inhalation and dermal contact during its manufacture and formulation into fire extinguishers. Exposure to the general population may occur by ingestion of contaminated water, or by inhalation or dermal contact after the discharge of fire extinguishers in which it is contained.

Populations at Special Risk: Persons with existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of chlorobromomethane. Also, in persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of chlorobromomethane might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties.

POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

Toxic by ingestion.
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful.
Contact may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

-MEDICAL TREATMENT

LIFE SUPPORT

Support respiratory and cardiovascular function.

SUMMARY

FIRST AID - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

Move victim to fresh air.
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.
Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.
Wash skin with soap and water.
Keep victim warm and quiet.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

FIRST AID

FIRST AID

EYE EXPOSURE - Immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
DERMAL EXPOSURE - Promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly.
INHALATION EXPOSURE - Move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.
ORAL EXPOSURE - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
TARGET ORGANS - Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys, and central nervous system (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007).

INHALATION EXPOSURE

INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with an inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist. Consider systemic corticosteroids in patients with significant bronchospasm.
Respiratory tract irritation, if severe, can progress to pulmonary edema which may be delayed in onset up to 24 to 72 hours after exposure in some cases.
ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gases and/or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine; DIAZEPAM (ADULT: 5 to 10 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 20 minutes as needed. CHILD: 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes; up to a maximum of 10 mg/dose. May repeat dose every 5 to 10 minutes as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg IV initially; repeat every 5 to 10 minutes as needed, if seizures persist. CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg IV over 2 to 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 4 mg/dose; may repeat in 5 to 15 minutes as needed, if seizures continue).

Consider phenobarbital or propofol if seizures recur after diazepam 30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children greater than 5 years).
Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory depression, and need for endotracheal intubation. Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, and hypoxia.

DERMAL EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry and place them in plastic bags. Wash exposed areas with soap and water for 10 to 15 minutes with gentle sponging to avoid skin breakdown. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists (Burgess et al, 1999).
Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity reactions may require treatment with systemic or topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.

EYE EXPOSURE

DECONTAMINATION: Remove contact lenses and irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of room temperature 0.9% saline or water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist after 15 minutes of irrigation, the patient should be seen in a healthcare facility.

ORAL EXPOSURE

Because of the potential for gastrointestinal tract irritation, CNS depression, and seizures, DO NOT induce emesis.
PREHOSPITAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL ADMINISTRATION

Consider prehospital administration of activated charcoal as an aqueous slurry in patients with a potentially toxic ingestion who are awake and able to protect their airway. Activated charcoal is most effective when administered within one hour of ingestion. Administration in the prehospital setting has the potential to significantly decrease the time from toxin ingestion to activated charcoal administration, although it has not been shown to affect outcome (Alaspaa et al, 2005; Thakore & Murphy, 2002; Spiller & Rogers, 2002).

In patients who are at risk for the abrupt onset of seizures or mental status depression, activated charcoal should not be administered in the prehospital setting, due to the risk of aspiration in the event of spontaneous emesis.
The addition of flavoring agents (cola drinks, chocolate milk, cherry syrup) to activated charcoal improves the palatability for children and may facilitate successful administration (Guenther Skokan et al, 2001; Dagnone et al, 2002).

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.

-RANGE OF TOXICITY

MINIMUM LETHAL EXPOSURE

GENERAL

The minimum lethal human dose to this agent has not been delineated.
Chlorobromomethane is one of the least acutely toxic halomethanes; there appears to be very little organic injury after acute exposure (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).

MAXIMUM TOLERATED EXPOSURE

GENERAL

There are few reports of adverse human effects from chronic exposure to chlorobromomethane. This is probably a result of its limited use as well as its low toxicity (Clayton & Clayton, 1994).
Chlorobromomethane is a mild irritant of the eyes and mucous membranes; at high concentrations it causes CNS depression. Prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis. Liquid splashed into the eye causes immediate burning followed by epithelial injury and conjunctival edema (Grant, 1993; Hathaway et al, 1996; ILO, 1998).

Three firefighters exposed to brief but very high concentrations of chlorobromomethane suffered from disorientation, headache, nausea, and irritation of the eyes and throat. Two of the three became comatose; of the two, one had convulsive seizures, and the other had respiratory arrest. All three had slow but complete recoveries. It is unclear if the firefighters were also exposed to thermal decomposition products (ACGIH, 1991; Hathaway et al, 1996).

Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS74-97-5 :

ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Chlorobromomethane
ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010): Not Listed ; Listed as: Bromochloromethane
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011): D ; Listed as: Bromochloromethane

D : Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.

IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2016; International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2015; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2010a; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2008; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2007; IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 2006; IARC, 2004): Not Listed
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007): Not Listed ; Listed as: Chlorobromomethane
MAK (DFG, 2002): Not Listed
NTP (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Project ): Not Listed

TOXICITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT VALUES

EPA IRIS

EPA Risk Assessment Values for CAS74-97-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2011):

Oral:

Slope Factor:
RfD:

Inhalation:

Unit Risk:
RfC:

Drinking Water:

Unit Risk:

TOXICITY VALUES

References: HSDB, 1999 Lewis, 1996 RTECS, 1999
- LC50- (INHALATION)MOUSE:
- LCLo- (INHALATION)RAT:
- LD50- (ORAL)MOUSE:
- LD50- (SKIN)RABBIT:
- LD50- (ORAL)RAT:

CALCULATIONS

AMBIENT CONVERSIONS

CONVERSION FACTORS - 1 mg/L = 189 ppm (at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)
1 ppm = 5.3 mg/m(3) (at 25 degrees C and 760 mmHg) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

-STANDARDS AND LABELS

WORKPLACE STANDARDS

ACGIH TLV Values for CAS74-97-5 (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 2010):

Editor's Note: The listed values are recommendations or guidelines developed by ACGIH(R) to assist in the control of health hazards. They should only be used, interpreted and applied by individuals trained in industrial hygiene. Before applying these values, it is imperative to read the introduction to each section in the current TLVs(R) and BEI(R) Book and become familiar with the constraints and limitations to their use. Always consult the Documentation of the TLVs(R) and BEIs(R) before applying these recommendations and guidelines.

Adopted Value

Chlorobromomethane

TLV:

TLV-TWA: 200 ppm
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s): CNS impair; liver dam
Molecular Weight: 129.39

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

Under Study

Bromochloromethane

TLV:

TLV-TWA:
TLV-STEL:
TLV-Ceiling:

Notations and Endnotes:

Carcinogenicity Category: Not Listed
Codes: Not Listed
Definitions: Not Listed

TLV Basis - Critical Effect(s):
Molecular Weight:

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from ppm to mg/m(3):

[(TLV in ppm)(gram molecular weight of substance)]/24.45

For gases and vapors, to convert the TLV from mg/m(3) to ppm:

[(TLV in mg/m(3))(24.45)]/gram molecular weight of substance

AIHA WEEL Values for CAS74-97-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

NIOSH REL and IDLH Values for CAS74-97-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

Listed as: Chlorobromomethane
REL:

TWA: 200 ppm (1050 mg/m(3))
STEL:
Ceiling:
Carcinogen Listing: (Not Listed) Not Listed
Skin Designation: Not Listed
Note(s):

IDLH:

IDLH: 2000 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

OSHA PEL Values for CAS74-97-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety, and Health Administration (OSHA), 2010):

Listed as: Chlorobromomethane
Table Z-1 for Chlorobromomethane:

8-hour TWA:

ppm: 200

Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25 degrees C and 760 torr.

mg/m3: 1050

Milligrams of substances per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.

Ceiling Value:
Skin Designation: No
Notation(s): Not Listed

OSHA List of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, Toxics, and Reactives for CAS74-97-5 (U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2010):

Not Listed

ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities for CAS74-97-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA CERCLA, Hazardous Substances and Reportable Quantities, Radionuclides for CAS74-97-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA RCRA Hazardous Waste Number for CAS74-97-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010b):

Not Listed
Editor's Note: The D, F, and K series waste numbers and Appendix VIII to Part 261 -- Hazardous Constituents were not included. Please refer to 40 CFR Part 261.

EPA SARA Title III, Extremely Hazardous Substance List for CAS74-97-5 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2010):

Not Listed

EPA SARA Title III, Community Right-to-Know for CAS74-97-5 (40 CFR 372.65, 2006; 40 CFR 372.28, 2006):

Not Listed

DOT List of Marine Pollutants for CAS74-97-5 (49 CFR 172.101 - App. B, 2005):

Not Listed

EPA TSCA Inventory for CAS74-97-5 (EPA, 2005):

Listed as: Methane, bromochloro-

SHIPPING REGULATIONS

SURFACE

DOT -- Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions for UN/NA Number 1887 (49 CFR 172.101, 2005):

Hazardous materials descriptions and proper shipping name: Bromochloromethane

Symbol(s): Not Listed
Hazard class or Division: 6.1

6.1: Poisonous materials. See 49 CFR section 173.132 for definitions.

Identification Number: UN1887
Packing Group: III

III: Packing Group III - indicates the degree of danger presented by the material is minor.

Label(s) required (if not excepted): 6.1

6.1: Poison Inhalation Hazard (inhalation hazard, Zone A or B) or Poison (other than inhalation hazard, Zone A or B; the packing group for a material is indicated in column 5 of the table.).

Special Provisions: IB3, T4, TP1

IB3: Authorized IBCs: Metal (31A, 31B and 31N); Rigid plastics (31H1 and 31H2); Composite (31HZ1 and 31HA2, 31HB2, 31HN2, 31HD2 and 31HH2). Additional Requirement: Only liquids with a vapor pressure less than or equal to 110 kPa at 50 °C (1.1 bar at 122 °F), or 130 kPa at 55 °C (1.3 bar at 131 °F) are authorized, except for UN2672 (also see Special Provision IP8 in Table 3 for UN2672).
T4: Minimum test pressure (bar): 2.65; Minimum shell thickness (in mm-reference steel) (See sxn.178.274(d)): sxn.178.274(d)(2); Pressure-relief requirements (See sxn.178.275(g)): Normal; Bottom opening requirements (See sxn.178.275(d)): sxn.178.275(d)(3).
TP1: The maximum degree of filling must not exceed the degree of filling determined by the following: [Degree of filling = 97/1+alpha(tr - tf)], where tr is the maximum mean bulk temperature during transport, and tf is the temperature in degrees celsius of the liquid during filling.

Packaging Authorizations (refer to 49 CFR 173.***):

Exceptions: 153
Non-bulk packaging: 203
Bulk packaging: 241

Quantity Limitations:

Passenger aircraft or railcar: 60 L
Cargo aircraft only: 220 L

Vessel Stowage Requirements:

Vessel stowage location: A

A: The material may be stowed "on deck" or "under deck" on a cargo vessel and on a passenger vessel.

Vessel stowage other: Not Listed

ICAO International Shipping Name for UN1887 (ICAO, 2002):

Proper Shipping Name: Bromochloromethane
UN Number: 1887

LABELS

NFPA

NFPA Hazard Ratings for CAS74-97-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

-HANDLING AND STORAGE

SUMMARY

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS

This compound is poisonous and it is mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing when handling this substance; avoid breathing fumes and skin contact. Wash promptly if the skin becomes wet or contaminated; promptly remove impervious clothing if it becomes wet or contaminated (Lewis, 1996; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).

HANDLING

Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing when handling this substance; avoid breathing fumes and skin contact (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).

STORAGE

CONTAINER

Store this compound in tightly closed containers. Keep away from chemically active metals (e.g. calcium, powdered aluminum, zinc, and magnesium) because violent reactions may occur (Sittig, 1991).

ROOM/CABINET RECOMMENDATIONS

Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat (Sittig, 1991).

INCOMPATIBILITIES

Chlorobromomethane is incompatible with chemically active metals (e.g. calcium, powered aluminum, zinc, and magnesium); liquid chlorobromomethane will attack some rubber, plastics, and coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

-PERSONAL PROTECTION

SUMMARY

RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer.
Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.

Chlorobromomethane is poisonous; it is mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Appropriate chemical protective clothing should be worn to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact. Persons should wash skin promptly if it becomes wet or contaminated. Impervious clothing should be removed promptly if it becomes wet or contaminated. Persons should avoid breathing fumes (Lewis, 1996; ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).

EYE/FACE PROTECTION

To prevent contact with compound, eye protection should be worn (Sittig, 1991).

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

Refer to "Recommendations for respirator selection" in the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards on TOMES Plus(R) for respirator information.

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Search results for CAS 74-97-5.

All data are compiled from published sources and are NOT recommended specifically by Truven Health Analytics. The appearance of specific manufacturers or products in this section does not represent an endorsement by Truven Health Analytics. No attempt has been made to verify the data presented. All product recommendations should be confirmed with the specific manufacturer for verification of product performance.
CLOTHING

Plastic Laminate

DuPont Personal Protection

Responder

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

Responder Plus

Degradation Rating: No Degradation Rating provided
Breakthrough Time (minutes): >180
Permeation Rate (mcg/cm2/min): None detected
Notes: Not Listed
Citation: (DuPont, 2002)

FOOTWEAR

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GLOVES

Specific recommendations and test data for this product type were not found in the available manufacturers' product literature.

GENERAL INFORMATION

This section provides a compilation of chemical resistance information and test data for specific protective clothing products. Chemical resistance information includes both degradation resistance ratings and permeation resistance data. This information is designed to assist in the selection of appropriate protective clothing. Only data on specific products and manufacturers are included. Generic information or recommendations are not provided since significant differences can exist in the chemical resistance for apparent similar product types.
Specific product information is organized by general product type (gloves, garments, and footwear), material type, and manufacturer. The category 'garments' may include totally encapsulating suits, splash suits, as well as other items (e.g., coveralls, jackets, and aprons). Specific manufacturers should be contacted to determine the features of available styles/models.
In addition to chemical resistance information, there are many critical variables in the selection of protective clothing which cannot be represented in this summary of the literature. Some factors to be considered in choosing protective clothing include, but are not limited to: overall clothing integrity, physical hazard resistance, durability, human factors, ease of decontamination, and cost. Overall clothing integrity refers to a specific design's ability to offer consistent protection for all clothing-covered areas of the body. Physical hazards include resisting the effects of abrasion, cuts, tears, and punctures. Human factors entail effects on wearer mobility, visibility, and hearing for garments; dexterity, tactility, and grip for gloves; ankle support and weight for footwear; and, any effect of the clothing on the function of the wearer. There are several variations in the design for gloves, garments, and footwear that affect these factors. Protective clothing must properly be sized and correctly fit the wearer to ensure its proper use and function.
As required in the U.S.A., protective clothing should be selected based on a risk assessment of the workplace. This risk assessment must account for the identification of existing as well as potential hazards and involve the recommendation of protective clothing appropriate for the identified hazards. Therefore, the recommendations in this section should not be used as the sole basis for decisions on choice of protective clothing, but rather should be used as a tool by qualified occupational health and safety professionals or other technically qualified persons in conjunction with a review of all mitigating factors. Consult the OSHA PPE Standard (29 CFR 1910.132 - 1910.138) for regulations and additional guidance regarding the selection and use of protective clothing and equipment. For general information on protective clothing selection, refer to the "PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - OSHA PUB 3077" document.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SELECTION

Determine the type of protective clothing item needed based on a risk assessment (e.g., gloves, garments, footwear).
For high risk situations, choose clothing that covers all parts of the body that may be exposed. In many cases, multiple clothing items will be required. Low risk situations may permit partial body protective clothing. Select protective clothing products that have reported chemical resistance data. High risk situations involving full body clothing or extended chemical contact often require permeation resistance data to determine the barrier effectiveness of materials used in the construction of clothing. Relatively low risk situations, where only splash or incidental exposure occur, may allow use of protective clothing based on degradation or penetration resistance data. Specifics on the interpretation of chemical resistance data are presented below.
Other factors must be considered in addition to chemical resistance. The selected chemical protective clothing item should offer the optimal combination of protection against identified hazards while allowing maximum function and comfort.

INTERPRETATION OF DEGRADATION RATINGS

Degradation refers to physical changes in a material as the result of chemical exposure. Degradation may become evident in visible changes, such as discoloration, swelling, delamination, deterioration, or disintegration. Degradation effects may also be measured by weight change or other changes in a material's physical properties (e.g., strength, elasticity, hardness).
Degradation resistance ratings are provided by manufacturers to rate the amount of degradation that occurs for a particular protective clothing material when contacted by a chemical. All degradation ratings are qualitative and include ratings, such as "EXCELLENT," "GOOD," "FAIR," "POOR," and "NOT RECOMMENDED." There is no standard test method for the measurement of chemical degradation resistance; therefore, manufacturer ratings may be based on different testing approaches. This makes comparison of degradation ratings between manufacturers unreliable.
The use of degradation resistance ratings alone to recommend protective clothing, particularly for high hazard situations, should be avoided. Degradation resistance testing does not directly assess the barrier quality of protective clothing, since materials can show relatively little degradation but still allow either permeation or penetration by a chemical. Degradation resistance ratings can be used to exclude protective clothing materials from consideration. Protective clothing materials with a "NOT RECOMMENDED" degradation resistance rating should never be used.
For some products, the rating "NO PENETRATION" is provided. This refers to penetration resistance test results that are based on a different procedure (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 903). Penetration resistance testing involves placing a material sample in a test cell, exposing the exterior side of the material to a chemical, and then observing the interior side of the material for visible signs of liquid penetration. Part of the test is conducted at an elevated pressure. Test results are reported as pass (no penetration) or fail (penetration detected). Unlike degradation testing, penetration testing provides an assessment of protective clothing material barrier performance. Since penetration resistance testing examines only observable amounts of liquid penetration, permeation may still occur. The use of penetration resistance data must be restricted to liquid chemicals, and should be limited to scenarios where there is no reasonable vapor exposure hazard under the conditions of exposure.

INTERPRETATION OF PERMEATION DATA

Permeation is the process of chemical movement through a material on a molecular level. Permeation resistance refers to the ability of a material to retard or prevent chemical movement through it. Permeation may occur without any visible signs of degradation.
Permeation resistance is measured using a test cell which is divided into two halves by a protective clothing specimen. Chemical is placed on the challenge side, while the collection side is periodically monitored for permeating chemical. Permeation data were obtained in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Method F 739 (Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Permeation by Liquids and Gases), unless stated otherwise. In the case of chemicals that are classified as warfare agents, the data were obtained in accordance with the Military Standard 282 (MIL-STD-282) (Military Standard, Filter Units, Protective Clothing, Gas-Mask Components, and Related Products: Performance Test Methods).
Permeation rate is the amount of chemical that passes through a material for a measured surface area per unit time. In this section, permeation rate is expressed in micrograms per square centimeter per minute (mcg/cm(2)/min). The reported permeation rate is either the steady-state rate or the maximum rate observed during testing. In some cases, very large permeation rates exceed measurement techniques and are reported as ">" (greater than) or "HIGH."
Breakthrough time is the elapsed time, in minutes, from the time the chemical comes in contact with the material exterior surface, to the time that chemical is detected on the interior surface. When no breakthrough is detected, the breakthrough time is report as ">" the testing period. If permeation breakthrough is rapid, results are reported as "<" (less than) the earlier sampling time or as "IMMEDIATELY" (which usually means breakthrough in less than 4 minutes).
The breakthrough time should exceed the expected use period of the selected protective clothing. Additionally, there are several other factors that must be taken into account to provide appropriate protection.
Permeation testing is usually conducted with full strength, undiluted chemical for the duration of the test period. Actual exposures may involve diluted chemical for short or intermittent exposure periods.
Permeation testing is usually conducted at room temperature. Permeation occurs faster at elevated temperatures (short breakthrough times and higher permeation rates) and slower at reduced temperatures (long breakthrough times and lower permeation rates).
Permeation resistance of mixtures cannot usually be determined on the basis of the individual chemicals making up the mixture. Synergistic effects may occur and result in more rapid permeation than accounted for by the individual mixture chemicals.
Permeation rates may be used to calculate potential wearer exposure; however, several assumptions must be made about the extent of exposure and condition of clothing wear. Furthermore, there are few chemicals with dermal exposure limits, making it difficult to determine an acceptable skin exposure level.

COMPANY INFORMATION

DuPont Personal Protection P. O. Box 80705 Wilmington, DE 19880-0705 USA Phone: (302) 774-1000 Toll-Free: (800) 931-3456 Website: http://personalprotection.dupont.com Email: personalprotection@usa.dupont.com

REFERENCES

CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING CITATIONS

The following sources were consulted for chemical protective clothing data:

(Ansell-Edmont, 2001)
(Bata Shoe Company, 1995)
(Best Manufacturing, 2002)
(Best Manufacturing, 2004)
(Boss Manufacturing Company, 1998)
(ChemFab Corporation, 1993)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003)
(Comasec Safety, Inc., 2003a)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2002)
(DuPont, 2003)
(Guardian Manufacturing Group, 2001)
(ILC Dover, Inc., 1998)
(Kappler Inc., 2001)
(Kimberly-Clark, 2002)
(LaCrosse-Rainfair, 1997)
(MAPA Professional, 2003)
(MAPA Professional, 2004)
(Mar-Mac Manufacturing, Inc, 1995)
(Marigold Industrial, 2003)
(Memphis Glove Company, 2001)
(Montgomery Safety Products, 1995)
(Nat-Wear, 2001)
(Neese Industries, Inc., 2003)
(North, 2002)
(North, 2002)
(Playtex, 1995)
(River City, 1995)
(Safety 4, 2002)
(Servus, 1995)
(Standard Safety Equipment, 1995)
(Tingley, 2002)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2001)
(Trelleborg-Viking, Inc., 2002)
(Wells Lamont Industrial, 2002)
(Workrite, 1997)

-PHYSICAL HAZARDS

FIRE HAZARD

SUMMARY

POTENTIAL FIRE OR EXPLOSION HAZARDS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
- Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily.
- Most vapors are heavier than air.
- Air/vapor mixtures may explode when ignited.
- Container may explode in heat of fire.
If chlorobromomethane is involved in a fire, water can be used to cool the affected containers. Water may also be used in flooding quantities as fog. Since chlorobromomethane does not burn, extinguish the fire using an agent suitable for the surrounding fire. Water should be applied from as far away as possible. Run-off water should be kept out of sewers and water sources (AAR, 1998).

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION

NFPA Flammability Rating for CAS74-97-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

FIRE CONTROL/EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

SMALL FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.

LARGE FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

TANK OR CAR/TRAILER LOAD FIRE PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

NFPA Extinguishing Methods for CAS74-97-5 (NFPA, 2002):

Not Listed

Chlorobromomethane is a nonflammable liquid; it is used as a fire extinguishing agent (AAR, 1998; (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

COMBUSTION TOXICITY

When heated to decomposition, chlorobromomethane emits toxic fumes including hydrogen chloride, chlorine, chloride, phosgene, bromide, and hydrogen bromide (AAR, 1998; (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996).

EXPLOSION HAZARD

Chlorobromomethane is a noncombustible liquid; it is used as a fire extinguishing agent (AAR, 1998; (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

DUST/VAPOR HAZARD

When heated to decomposition, chlorobromomethane emits toxic fumes including hydrogen chloride, chlorine, chloride, phosgene, bromide, and hydrogen bromide (AAR, 1998; (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996).

REACTIVITY HAZARD

Chlorobromomethane is incompatible with chemically active metals (e.g. calcium, powered aluminum, zinc, and magnesium); liquid chlorobromomethane will attack some rubber, plastics, and coatings (Pohanish & Greene, 1997; Sittig, 1991).

When heated to decomposition, chlorobromomethane emits toxic fumes including hydrogen chloride, chlorine, chloride, phosgene, bromide, and hydrogen bromide (AAR, 1998; (ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996).

EVACUATION PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Editor's Note: This material is not listed in the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances.

LARGE SPILL - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).

FIRE - PUBLIC SAFETY EVACUATION DISTANCES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

PUBLIC SAFETY MEASURES - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)

CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number:

MEXICO:

SETIQ:

01-800-00-214-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5559-1588;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-559-1588.

CENACOM:

01-800-00-413-00 in the Mexican Republic;
For calls originating in Mexico City and the Metropolitan Area: 5550-1496, 5550-1552, 5550-1485, or 5550-4885;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-52-555-550-1496, or 011-52-555-550-1552; 011-52-555-550-1485, or 011-52-555-550-4885.

ARGENTINA:

CIQUIME:

0-800-222-2933 in the Republic of Argentina;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +54-11-4613-1100.

BRAZIL:

PRÓ-QUÍMICA:

0-800-118270 (Toll-free in Brazil);
For calls originating elsewhere, call: +55-11-232-1144 (Collect calls are accepted).

COLUMBIA:

CISPROQUIM:

01-800-091-6012 in Colombia;
For calls originating in Bogotá, Colombia, call: 288-6012;
For calls originating elsewhere, call: 011-57-1-288-6012.

CANADA:

CANUTEC:

613-996-6666 (Collect calls are accepted);
*666 cellular (in Canada only).

UNITED STATES:

CHEMTREC®:

1-800-424-9300 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
703-527-3887 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

CHEM-TEL, INC.:

1-800-255-3924 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
813-248-0585 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

INFOTRAC:

1-800-535-5053 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
352-323-3500 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

3E COMPANY:

1-800-451-8346 (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
760-602-8703 for calls originating elsewhere (Collect calls are accepted).

NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER (NRC):

1-800-424-8802 - (24 hours) (Toll-free in the U.S., Canada, and the U.S. Virgin Islands);
202-267-2675 for calls in the District of Columbia.

MILITARY SHIPMENTS:

703-697-0218 - Explosives/ammunition incidents (Collect calls are accepted);
1-800-851-8061 - All other dangerous goods incidents.

NATIONWIDE POISON CONTROL CENTER (United States only):

1-800-222-1222 (Toll-free in the U.S.).

For additional details see the section entitled "WHO TO CALL FOR ASSISTANCE" under the ERG Instructions.
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
Keep unauthorized personnel away.
Stay upwind.
Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate closed spaces before entering.

AIHA ERPG Values for CAS74-97-5 (AIHA, 2006):

Not Listed

DOE TEEL Values for CAS74-97-5 (U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Emergency Management, 2010):

Listed as Bromochloromethane
TEEL-0 (units = ppm): 200
TEEL-1 (units = ppm): 600
TEEL-2 (units = ppm): 2000
TEEL-3 (units = ppm): 2,000
Definitions:

TEEL-0: The threshold concentration below which most people will experience no adverse health effects.
TEEL-1: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm [parts per million] or mg/m(3) [milligrams per cubic meter]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic, nonsensory effects. However, these effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
TEEL-2: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting, adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape.
TEEL-3: The airborne concentration (expressed as ppm or mg/m(3)) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals, could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death.

AEGL Values for CAS74-97-5 (National Research Council, 2010; National Research Council, 2009; National Research Council, 2008; National Research Council, 2007; NRC, 2001; NRC, 2002; NRC, 2003; NRC, 2004; NRC, 2004; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2009; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2008; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2007; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2005; National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances, 2006; 62 FR 58840, 1997; 65 FR 14186, 2000; 65 FR 39264, 2000; 65 FR 77866, 2000; 66 FR 21940, 2001; 67 FR 7164, 2002; 68 FR 42710, 2003; 69 FR 54144, 2004):

Not Listed

NIOSH IDLH Values for CAS74-97-5 (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2007):

IDLH: 2000 ppm
Note(s): Not Listed

CONTAINMENT/WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

SUMMARY

SPILL OR LEAK PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
- ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
- Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
RECOMMENDED PROTECTIVE CLOTHING - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
- Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
- Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer.
- Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.
If chlorobromomethane is not involved in a fire, restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from the area of the spill or leak and ventilate the area. Keep this compound out of water sources and sewers; dikes may be used to contain the flow as necessary. Attempt to stop the leak if this can be done without undue personnel hazard. Spilled material may be absorbed with vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material and placed in sealed containers (AAR, 1998; (Sittig, 1991).
If chlorobromomethane is spilled on land, pits, ponds, lagoons, or other holding areas may be used to contain the spilled material. Surface flow may be diked using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Bulk liquid may be absorbed using fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents (AAR, 1998).
If it is spilled onto water, natural barriers or oil spill control booms may be used to limit the travel of the spill. Trapped material may be removed with suction hoses (AAR, 1998).
If chlorobromomethane is spilled into the air, water spray or mist may be used to knock down vapors (AAR, 1998).

SMALL LEAK/SPILL

SMALL LIQUID SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
- Take up with sand, earth or other noncombustible absorbent material.

LARGE LEAK/SPILL

LARGE SPILL PRECAUTIONS - EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDEBOOK, GUIDE 160 (ERG, 2004)
- Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
- Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

WASTE TREATMENT OPTIONS

PHYSICAL TREATMENT

To dispose of chlorobromomethane, incinerate it together with a flammable solvent in a furnace equipped with an afterburner and an alkali scrubber (ITI, 1995; Sittig, 1991).
To dispose of small spills, absorb the spill with paper towels or a similar material. Place the towels into a hood to evaporate. Burn the towel to dispose of it (ITI, 1995).
Waste management activities associated with material disposition are unique to individual situations. Proper waste characterization and decisions regarding waste management should be coordinated with the appropriate local, state, or federal authorities to ensure compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

-ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT

POLLUTION HAZARD

Chlorobromomethane primarily enters the environment during its use as a fire extinguisher; it may also be released during its production and formulation. Macro algae which use haloperoxidase enzymes may also produce chlorobromomethane along with other chloro- or bromomethanes (Howard, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND KINETICS

In the atmosphere, chlorobromomethane exists mainly in the vapor phase. The vapor phase reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is not a significant fate process (estimated half-life is 160 days). Direct photochemical degradation is also insignificant because chlorobromomethane does not absorb available light in the troposphere. Chlorobromomethane may be removed from the air by wet deposition, however, it is expected to re-volatilize into the atmosphere (Howard, 1993).

WATER

SURFACE WATER
- Chlorobromomethane in water quickly volatilizes into the atmosphere; an estimated half-life for a river model is 4 hours. Under aerobic conditions, it may undergo microbial degradation. Hydrolysis and direct photochemical degradation probably do not occur in natural waters (Howard, 1993).

SOIL

TERRESTRIAL
- Chlorobromomethane released onto soil will be very mobile and may leach into groundwater. Volatilization from surface soils into the atmosphere is also a significant fate process. Under anoxic conditions, microbial degradation may occur (Howard, 1993).

ABIOTIC DEGRADATION

Chlorobromomethane will not absorb UV light at wavelengths >290 nm; therefore, it does not undergo direct photochemical degradation in the atmosphere or in water. Since the estimated half-life for vapor phase chlorobromomethane is 160 days, it may persist in the atmosphere and be transported in the troposphere and transferred into the stratosphere. Hydrolysis of chlorobromomethane will probably not occur in natural waters and the estimated half-life for this process is estimated to be 44 years under natural conditions at 25 degrees C (Howard, 1993).

BIODEGRADATION

In a screening test (under aerobic conditions), 5-10 mg/L chlorobromomethane was 100% degraded within seven days using settled domestic wastewater inoculum under aerobic conditions. When cultured with soil bacteria, chlorobromomethane also undergoes microbial degradation under anoxic conditions (Howard, 1993).

BIOACCUMULATION

BIOCONCENTRATION FACTOR

The estimated bioconcentration factor for chlorobromomethane is 3-7 which suggests that bioconcentration in fish and aquatic organisms is not an important process (Howard, 1993).

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY

No information found at the time of this review.

-PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

MOLECULAR WEIGHT

129.39

DESCRIPTION/PHYSICAL STATE

Chlorobromomethane is clear or colorless to pale yellow, nonflammable liquid with a chloroform-like odor (ACGIH, 1991; Ashford, 1994; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997).

No information found at the time of this review.

VAPOR PRESSURE

117 mmHg (at 20 degrees C) (ACGIH, 1991)

147.2 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Howard, 1993)

155-160 mmHg (at 25 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

15.8 Kpa (ILO, 1998)

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.930 at 25/25 degrees C (Lewis, 1996)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.991 (at 19/4 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

DENSITY

NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE

(25 degrees C; 77 degrees F and 760 mmHg)
1.93 g/mL (at 25 degrees C) (Lewis, 1997)

OTHER TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE

1.91 kg/L (at 25 degrees C) (Ashford, 1994)

FREEZING/MELTING POINT

FREEZING POINT

-88 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)

MELTING POINT

-88 degrees C (ILO, 1998)
-86.5 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991; Howard, 1993)

BOILING POINT

67 degrees C (ACGIH, 1991)

67.8 degrees C (Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997)

68 degrees C (Ashford, 1994; ILO, 1998)

68.1 degrees C (Howard, 1993)

68-69 degrees C (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

FLASH POINT

No flashpoint by standard tests in air; nonflammable (AAR, 1998; (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1996).

SOLUBILITY

IN WATER

Chlorobromomethane is insoluble or, very slightly soluble in water (Ashford, 1994; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; ILO, 1998; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997).

16,700 mg/L (Howard, 1993)

IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

It is soluble in organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, benzene, and acetone (ACGIH, 1991; Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1996; Lewis, 1997).

OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT

log 1.41 (Howard, 1993)

HENRY'S CONSTANT

0.0015 atm-m(3)/mol (estimated from vapor pressure and water solubility data) (Howard, 1993)

SPECTRAL CONSTANTS

1308 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 1999)

MASS

548 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) (HSDB , 1999)

OTHER/PHYSICAL

SATURATION CONCENTRATION

21% (at 25 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994)

SURFACE TENSION

33.32 dynes/cm (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

INDEX OF REFRACTION

1.4850 (at 25 degrees C) (Clayton & Clayton, 1994; Lewis, 1997)
1.4838 (at 20 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)
1.480 (at 25 degrees C) (HSDB , 1999)

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE

6661 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection) (HSDB , 1999)

VISCOSITY

0.670 mN.s/m(2) (HSDB , 1999)

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Classification | Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents

Information to evaluate chemical incidents